...1908-1969 Wendy Y. Carter CDE Working Paper No. 96-22 The Effects of Changing Family Structures on Higher Education for Black and White American Cohorts: 1908-1969 CDE Working Paper No. 96-22 Wendy Y. Carter, Ph.D. Assistant Professor of Sociology Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences Arizona State University West 4701 West Thunderbird Road P.O. Box 37100 Phoenix, AZ 85069-7100 Submission for Population Association of America 1999 Annual Meeting Abstract Social scientists have been concerned with the effect of social origins on educational attainment since the early days of the discipline. One important aspect of social origins that continues to occupy the interest of researchers and the public is the family. The issue of race has also been central to this concern. Recent demographic changes in mortality and marriage behavior have had a profound impact on the increasing proportion of children who will reach age eighteen without both biological parents. This research investigates the effects of trends in family and household structures on the educational attainment for recent black and white cohorts in the United States. We know from previous cross-sectional reports that those who grow up with both biological parents are more likely to attain higher levels of education than those who do not. The weakness of that approach was that it did not account for changes in the effects of family structure over time. This paper addresses that weakness in greater detail...
Words: 15023 - Pages: 61
...adolescence is one of the key components to "growing up." Early adolescents usually remain in same-sex groups, with very little social contact with the opposite sex. By the time they reach their mid-teens, the groupings tend to change, often forming a loose confederation of boys and girls. Adolescence years is a crucial time as it is a intermediary phase between childhood and adulthood and when a teenager faces relationship problem at this stage it serves long term effects on him or her. It is true when it is said that most of our development happens during this period both physically and emotionally.If relationship setback is grave, it can even affect teen’s future to quite an extend. A teen relationship contains many elements such as trust, honesty,communication, respect and time management and all play an essential role. If all these elements are balanced or managed effectively by the teenager it leads to healthy relationship. However, when abused or improperly addressed, those same relationship elements can lead to numerous problems. Infatuation or love? Some teens are not able to gauge their feelings well. They might mistakenly takeinfatuation for love. This is the stage when teenagers are most confused about their feelings. They are unable to decide and fail to make right decisions. When they enter into the relationship they might cut off from family and other friends.In a healthy relationship teen maintains his separate identity. Breaking up is no fun for teens. It is can be one...
Words: 1290 - Pages: 6
...Putting Thoughts to Paper For several years in school, I dreaded writing academic papers because I found many of the topics monotonous, provoking little desire in me to work hard. The writing process intimidated me because I was often unaware as to where I should begin a paper and once I did, how I should develop my thoughts in an effective manner. My appreciation of writing, both academically and artistically, did not surface until my sophomore year in high school. When I transferred from public to private school, I realized that my writing skills were not as strongly developed as many of my fellow classmates. This feeling of inadequacy motivated me to seek help from my teachers and peers. By the end of first semester sophomore year, my...
Words: 774 - Pages: 4
...Keneth B. Taburnal Submitted In Partial Fulfillment of the requirements In Research II Apas National High School Apas, Cebu City August 2012 Mrs. Jannis May V. Antolijao Research Adviser Abstract A cigarette filter is used to strain the dangerous ingredients of the cigarette. Most Filipinos are smokers or cigarette users which is part of their fashion, but sad to say that they just throw their waste anywhere and because of this habit we are challenged to help our beloved country on its campaign against improper disposal of garbage. The aim of this research is to find a cheaper and readily available alternative for glue, because glue is useful product especially to us students. The researchers utilized the T-test method. Fifteen...
Words: 3200 - Pages: 13
...The Ups and Downs of Social Media Naomi Ohlsen INF 103 Week 5 Final paper Christine Stagnetto-Zweig 20 May 2013 Social Media has been growing over last the decade and more and types of communication through social media have been developed. Chat rooms and instant messaging through AOL was a new form of communication when I was graduating high school. Today there are multiple forms of social media. You can tweet, post, or pin just about anything. You can reconnect with old friends, or make new friends. Small businesses are becoming much more mainstream, by taking advantage of online markets with the help of social media. If you can be found on Google you can be limitless. Social media is something I never heard of until well after high school. I graduated in 2002 and bullying at my high school was done face to face instead of on the internet. Bullying in the information age has been defined as Cyber Bullying. Cyber bullying can be defined as an aggressive, intentional act carried out by a group or individual, using electronic forms of contact, repeatedly and over time against a victim who can not easily defend themselves. (Research Briefs www.dfes.gov.uk/research ). There are 7 types of cyber bullying: text message, picture/video (via mobile phone cameras), phone call (via mobile phones), Email, chat-room, instant message, and through...
Words: 820 - Pages: 4
... 28 August 2015 About Me While I was growing up, I would watch college softball on TV with my dad almost every day. Usually once or twice a week we would go to the field, throw a ball, and hit around. I’ve loved it ever since. I play softball here at Limestone College, therefore I am crazy athletic. During high school I was lucky to win MVP on the softball team all 4 years of attending my high school. All kinds of sports interests me really. I currently work at Strawberry Hill USA in Chesnee, South Carolina as an Ice Cream Scooper. Trust me I’m not complaining, we get free ice cream! My favorite subject in school is math, and following would have to be science. I hope to major in Health Care Administration and minor in Business Administration. I am a very energetic and outgoing person. I like to have a good time when I’m involved in any kind of activity; you’ll very rarely see me in a bad mood. I like to live on edge, such as going camping in extravagant places, get spontaneous tattoos and piercings, and even cliff jumping. I hope to go sky diving very soon. My family is very important to me; they’re always there for me when I need them. I’m a very creative person; so writing off the top of my head comes easy to me. When it comes to more research based papers, I do tend to struggle with citing my references properly. I like writing analytical papers about fiction based stories or short narratives that interest me. Usually, if...
Words: 453 - Pages: 2
...younger of two sons of Richard and Juliette Massey. He is a graduate of the public schools of St. Louis, Missouri and attended high school in University City, a suburb of St. Louis. After receiving a Harvard Book Award and a National Achievement Scholarship at University City High School, he entered Princeton University in 1973. There, he encountered his first real introduction to research mathematics in an honor calculus course taught by the late Ralph Fox. He wrote his undergraduate senior thesis, titled "Galois Connections on Local Fields,'' in algebraic number theory, under the direction of the late Bernard Dwork, and graduated from Princeton in 1977 with an A.B. in Mathematics (Magna Cum Laude, Phi Beta Kappa, and Sigma Xi). That same year he was awarded a Bell Labs Cooperative Research Fellowship for minorities to attend graduate school in the department of mathematics at Stanford University. In 1981, he received his Ph.D. degree from Stanford and his thesis, titled "Non-Stationary Queues,'' was directed by Joseph Keller. Dr. William Massey's parents, Juliette and Richard Massey Sr. were both educators; she was from Chattanooga, Tennessee and he was from Charlotte, North Carolina. They met at Lincoln University in Jefferson City, Missouri which became his birthplace. Professor Massey's initial fascination with numbers started when his mother would let him play with plastic numbers and cut up old calendars. His family moved to Saint Louis, Missouri when he was four. There...
Words: 1118 - Pages: 5
...Childhood Obesity SOSC 102 Professor November 7, 2014 Childhood Obesity Childhood obesity is a major, growing health issue in the United States. It is a condition where excess body fat negatively affects a child’s health or well-being. Children become overweight for a number of reasons. Some of the causes are genetic factors, lack of physical activity, eating unhealthy, medical illness, family and peer problems. Healthy eating and active living are major factors that can eliminate childhood obesity, or merely reduce the growing numbers that obviously exist in society today. “Over the past three decades, since the 1970s, the prevalence of childhood obesity has more than doubled for preschool children aged 2-5 years and adolescents aged 12-19 years, and it has more than tripled for children aged 6 to 11 years.” Ogden et al (as cited in Koplan, 2005, p. 22). Obese children in those age groups may suffer a lot of emotional or psychological stress. They can feel depressed and unhappy because of constant teasing from peers about being overweight. This could cause them to have low self-esteem and might hinder their ability to socialize with others effectively. Other negative effects, are that they develop behavioral problems, which in turn often negatively affects their academic growth. Active Generations is a promising obesity prevention program with emphasis on nutrition education. Students who participate in this program increase their understanding of the connection...
Words: 1468 - Pages: 6
...NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES THE DYNAMICS OF EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT FOR BLACKS, HISPANICS, AND WHITES Stephen V. Cameron James J. Heckman Working Paper 7249 http://www.nber.org/papers/w7249 NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138 July 1999 We thank Stephanie Aaronson, Joseph Altonji, Shubaum Chauduri, Terri Devine, Tom Kane, and Christopher Taber for valuable comments. We thank Marvin Kosters for valuable comments and for making this paper possible. The first draft of this paper was presented at an NBER conference on higher education at Cambridge, MA in April 1992. It was also presented at a Public Economics workshop at the University of Chicago (May 1992), sponsored by J. Hotz, at the Institute of Research on Poverty (Wisconsin), June 1997, and at Cornell University, April 1997. This work was supported by the American Bar Foundation and by NSF-SBR-93-21-048, NSF 97-09-893, and by NICHD:R01-HD32058-01A1; NICHD:R01-34598-03; NIH:R01-HD34958-01; NIH:R01-HD32058-03, and by grants from the Mellon Foundation and the Spencer Foundations. The views expressed in this paper do not necessarily reflect those of the National Bureau of Economic Research. © 1999 by Stephen V. Cameron and James J. Heckman. All rights reserved. Short sections of text, not to exceed two paragraphs, may be quoted without explicit permission provided that full credit, including © notice, is given to the source. The Dynamics of Educational Attainment for Blacks...
Words: 2498 - Pages: 10
...been reduced (or have reduced themselves) to a single aspect of their racial identities: Booker T. Washington, Tina Turner, and Greg Louganis are three examples. This phenomenon isn't entirely pernicious; it is at least partly rooted in our concern that growing up with a fractured identity is hard on kids. The psychologist J.D. Teicher summarized this view in a 1968 paper: "Although the burden of the Negro child is recognized as a heavy one, that of the Negro-White child is seen to be even heavier." But new research says this old, problematized view of multiracial identity is outdated. In fact, a new paper in the Journal of Social Issues shows that multiracial adolescents who identify proudly as multiracial fare as well as — and, in many cases, better than — kids who identify with a single group, even if that group is considered high-status (like, say, Asians or whites). This finding was surprising because psychologists have argued for years that mixed-race kids will be better adjusted if they pick a single race as their own. The population of multiracial kids in the U.S. has soared from approximately 500,000 in 1970 to more than 6.8 million in 2000, according to Census data quoted in this pdf. In the early years, research on these kids highlighted their difficulties: the disapproval they faced from neighbors and members of their extended families; the sense that they weren't "full" members in any racial community; the insecurity and self-loathing that often resulted from...
Words: 675 - Pages: 3
...America’s Cash Crop “Why is marijuana against the law? It grows naturally upon our planet. Doesn’t the idea of making nature against the law seem to you a bit . . . unnatural?” ― Bill Hicks The legalization of marijuana is a debate being held all over the country. Everyone has their own opinion on the whole idea of marijuana. There are legislators who think that if marijuana is legalized that it will be grown illegally, and medically abused. There are potheads who think it would be cool and that they would get cheaper weed. But what it comes down to are the numbers. Marijuana is a cash crop. How can Wisconsin say no to numbers like fourteen billion, and thirty five billion dollars? Can legalizing marijuana rescue Wisconsin’s economy? Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Connecticut, DC, Delaware, Hawaii, Maine, Michigan, Montana, Nevada, New Jersey, New Mexico, Oregon, Rhode Island, Vermont, Washington. In seventeen states, and DC it is legal to have at least an ounce of marijuana. In fourteen of them it is legal to even have plants (ProCon). Should Wisconsin be state number eighteen? NBC News produced an article Marijuana Called US Cash Crop and within that article they state “The study estimates that marijuana production, at a value of $35.8 billion, exceeds the combined value of corn ($23.3 billion) and wheat ($7.5 billion).” Wisconsin is in forty six billion dollars of debt and increasing every second (WisconsinDebtClock). If marijuana can bring in millions...
Words: 3259 - Pages: 14
...Psych 100 Term Paper Psychological factors can be related to many different problems, one problem that had personally affected me was the grades I got my freshman year of college. I started my college career struggling a little bit and often wondered how I could raise my grades and improve my GPA until I was satisfied with the grades I would get. Coming to college I was finally on my own with no one to wake me up, make me do homework, or go to class. These all led to my GPA not being exactly where I wanted it to be along with a number of psychological factors that have all been introduced throughout lecture and the readings. The four different chapters I can relate this problem most too would have to be those on stress, personality, motivation and social psychology. Stress is one of the main leaders for college students and low GPA’s and I believe it had a lot to do with my original GPA from my freshman year. Living here on campus is extremely overwhelming at first for a freshman here at UMass Amherst. There are so many events that you can attend, RSOs that you can join, and other things in town and campus. It is also the first time moving away from home and that can lead to stress because no one is around to remind you about things that you may forget to do. The classes here at UMass were also extremely different from any classes I took at my high school. I was used to smaller classes of about 20-25 students that were all mostly my friends, now I was being thrown into a...
Words: 1726 - Pages: 7
...Annotated Bibliography A Very Good Idea Poorly Poorly Implemented – A Food Fight in L.A. (2012). Electronic Ardell Wellness Report (E, AWR), (603), 3. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com.proxy.devry.edu/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=70369738&site=ehost-live This article is about how the school board of the L.A. Unified School District made drastic changes the school lunch menu without consulting the kids first, and how the students did not like the changes at all. The new menu had fruits and vegetables making up at least half of the servings on every students plate. This new menu was widely rejected by students and a black market of junk food was even created by certain students. This article supports the idea that by including children in implementing changes in diet and menu, those changes may be more successful. It also points out that by slowly introducing kids to healthy alternatives and informing them about why a change to a healthier diet of fruits an vegetables is important to having a higher quality of life as they get older. This idea supports the second part of my research paper where I discuss the importance of children becoming interested in growing vegetables is an important part of changing the eating habits of American families. Thus, reducing the levels of obesity and type II diabetes in America. Bittman, M. (2011, September 24). Is junk food really cheaper?. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/25/opinion/sunday/is-junk-food-really-cheaper...
Words: 931 - Pages: 4
...Abstract This research paper describes how poverty influences the lives of children and adolescents. Poverty is viewed as major environmental influence that impacts the opportunities and life chances of children. Young people growing up in poverty may feel justified in engaging in risky behaviors. The research shows how poverty has an effect on parenting, housing, food, health, mental well being, and education. Despite government programs that help many, the author of this paper views economic inequality as a major cause of the problems facing poverty and our nation. Poverty has a major influence on the day-to-day lives of children. It also places young people at risk for poor outcomes in life. At Risk Youth (McWhirter, McWhirter, McWhirter, & McWhirter, 2013, p. 29-39) discusses the economic trend of poverty as one of the major environmental influences placing young people at risk. When one understands the problems of poverty, one begins to understand the people affected much better. McWhirter et al., (2013) presents several “types” of families that may live in poverty. These include the working poor families, vulnerable and underserved families, young single mother families, and homeless families. One interesting concept that the book discusses is social comparisons. Today poor people are faced with constant reminders of their lack of money. By watching television shows that popularize the lives of “the rich and famous” and by seeing the income earned...
Words: 3212 - Pages: 13
...Spang Mrs. Wilder English 1 May 2012 High School Education Teens on a Daily Basis “Teachers can change lives with just the right mix of chalk and challenges,” stated Joyce Myers. Teachers have a huge impact on every student they teach. Being a teacher, you have to posses the life skills of patience, sense of humor, organization, trustworthiness, and responsibility. Not only does a teacher teach academic lessons, they prepare students for life after graduation by teaching them life skills needed in order to succeed in college and/or enter the job market (“High School Teachers”). Responsibility: the state or fact of being responsible. High School teachers have numerous responsibilities, such as creating lesson plans, grading tests, and making sure the appropriate academic lesson is taught each and every day. High school teachers have some responsibilities that teachers at a lower level do not necessarily have. High school educators have the responsibility of helping each and every one of their students prepare educationally for post high school higher education and/or the work force (“High School Teachers”). When entering into the Educational field, one will have a plethora of decisions to make, such as, what grade or age and what subject one would like to teach. Adding to the decisions is if one would like to work at a private or public school. Deciding whether to work at a private or public school is a big decision because public school math teachers must have completed a...
Words: 969 - Pages: 4
