CHAPTER-1

INTRODUCTION TO INDIAN BANKING SYSTEM:

OBJECTIVE- Here our main objective is to analyse the impact of mergers and acquisition in banking sector in India. We will try to find out from the experience of US and EU how Indian banking sector will respond if some major players merge together. In this report we will create a situation in which five big players in banking sector merge together and we will analyse the effect of merger on Indian Banking sector.

In the past three decades, India's banking system has earned several outstanding achievements to its credit. The most striking is its extensive reach. It is no longer confined to metropolises or cities in India. In fact, Indian banking system has reached even to the remote corners of the country.1 This is one of the main aspects of India's banking growth story. The first banks were Bank of Hindustan (1770- 1829) and The General Bank of India, established 1786 and since defunct.
The largest bank, and the oldest still in existence, is the State Bank of India, which originated in the Bank of Calcutta in June 1806, which almost immediately became the Bank of Bengal. This was one of the three presidency banks, the other two being the Bank of Bombay and the Bank of Madras, all three of which were established under charters from the British East India Company. The three banks merged in 1921 to form the Imperial Bank of India, which, upon India's independence, became the State Bank of India in 1955.

The Government of India issued an ordinance and nationalised the 14 largest commercial banks in 1969. These banks have 85 per cent of bank deposits in the country. A second round of nationalisation of 6 more commercial banks took place in 1980. Nationalisation took place so that government get more control of credit delivery. With the second round of nationalisation, 91% of banking business was held by the