...The Invention and Development of the Transistor The invention of the transistor was one of the turning points in the development of personal computers. Of the many people responsible for the inception and evolution of the transistor, three men were integral in it’s birth and growth into integrated circuits. These men, William Shockley, Robert Dennard, and Jack Kilby, were some of the founders of the personal computing and electronics industry. Their work within their respective companies involving the transistor has led to the prevalence of the computing devices that exist today. William Shockley was one of the first true inventors of the transistor. He worked for Bell Labs in the 30’s and 40’s. Bell at the time was trying to improve its telephone system and network to allow for a better and cheaper way to operate. While working on what was only theoretical semiconductor amplification at the time, Shockley invented the point-contact transistor and the bipolar junction transistor (Riordan 2012). This revolutionary breakthrough allowed for all other progress with the transistor to be made, and soon the potential for the transistor would be taken into the world of personal computing. Robert Dennard worked for IBM in the late 50’s and early 60’s. In compliance with IBM’s vision he set out to create a better way for a computer to access memory. Thusly, Dennard’s work led him to the creation of the one-transistor cell for dynamic random access memory (DRAM) (Hayes...
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...cultures. This diversification also allows various cultural and ethical standards to be integrated into their strategic plans. It is the duty of top level executives in an organization to impart ethical, moral, and the company vision to its employees. Executives must “walk the talk.” In this brief analysis, Learning Team D will examine the origin and subsequent evolution of both PepsiCo’s workplace values and personal values. An explanation of how individual values drive actions and behaviors will be reviewed along with an analysis of the degree of alignment between PepsiCo’s stated values and their plans and actions. Finally Team D will explain the differences and analyze the degree of alignment between our values and PepsiCo’s values as reflected in their plans and actions. Evolution of Personal and Workplace Values Most individuals derive attitudes relating to personal responsibility through their upbringing and family interactions. Many value concepts learned early in life influence individual perceptions and subsequently affect (through demonstrated traits) ‘learned’ behaviors that relate to speech, personal beliefs (faith), work environments, and interpersonal activities (Davis, & Keyser, 2012). In academic settings for example, individuals determine specific values regarding study habits - concentrated efforts produce higher grades; whereas, a (foundational) disregard for scholastic success equates to underachievement and potentially lower paying employment throughout...
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...“Your Inner Fish” is a book about Neil Shubin’s personal studies and research that he obtained through the fossils he has found around the world. He was searching for proof to support his hypothesis that at one point we were all fish swimming in the ocean. This book is all about providing proof that there was an evolution from creatures that lived in the sea to ones that walked on land. This also captures Neil’s determined mind-set and how he wasn’t ready to accept ack to work. Next, they proceeded to focus closely on the bone structure of the fossil relating it to those of animals who walked on land. They found that these fossils showed a steady progression from fins to “one bone, two bones, lots of bones.” This was such a big breakthrough...
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...Industry, Competition and Strategy Industry • Number of Sellers • Degree of differentiation Pure Monopoly • Only one Provider Unregulated monopoly Regulated monopoly Oligopoly • Small no. of Firms Providing Service • Pure Oligopoly ( Less/ No Differentiated)- Steel • Differentiated Oligopoly ( More Differentiated)Camera, Overhead projectors Monopolistic Competition • Many Competitors • Ability of differentiate offering is high - Hotels Pure Competition • Many Competitors • Similar Offering • Scope and basis for Differentiation is low - Cereals, Cigarette, Tea, Biscuit Drivers of Industry’s Competitive Structure • • • • • • Entry Barrier Mobility Barrier Exit Barrier Cost Structure Degree of Vertical Integration Degree of Globalization Entry Barrier • • • • • • • Capital Requirements Economies of Scale Patents Licensing Requirement Location Raw materials Intermediaries Exit Barrier • Legal and Moral Obligation to Customers, Creditors, Employee • Govt. Restrictions • Low Asset Salvage Value • Lack of Better Opportunities • High Degree of Vertical Integration Mobility Barrier • Barrier when Firm Tries to go Upward, Enter More Attractive Segments ( AirAsia & Vistara; Permission to operate internationally) Cost Structure • Which Component is the major Cost Centre -Manufacturing - Distribution -Advertising -Licensing and any other Degree of Vertical Integration • Flexibility in Operating...
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...The Absorbent Mind The Absorbent Mind I decided to do my report on The Absorbent Mind written by Maria Montessori. This book is about the mental powers of a child from birth to age six. Dr. Montessori believes that if a child is properly educated by unlocking their mental ability than the world can overcome things such as war. The book explains how a child from birth to age six with obstruction and without teaching surpasses all living things. Dr. Montessori says that a child cannot be taught at such a young age as birth to age two so their learning ‘’transcends the narrow limits of teaching’’ (Montessori, 1949). After all a child does not yet fully understand launge at that young of an age. Because of the time in history when this book was written, the end of World War II, the first chapter has a stong call to advance society through the education and understanding of our children. The author states ‘’Men are not sufficiently educated to control the events, rather they become the victims of them’’ (Montessori, 1949). The book goes over the current tools being used in the advancement of society. Philosophies, religions, and the old lines of education of transmitting knowledge. Dr. Montessori says that if we stick to only these tools ‘’there would be no hope for the world’’ and that ‘’the human personality alone can lead us to salvation.’’ (Montessori, 1949). The author then goes into detail of why a child in it’s frist two years of life shows ‘’the laws of psychic construction’’...
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...that can be used as tools for stealing valuable information from financial institution such as banks. Motivations and Evolution Since the evolution of hacking, the skills and creativity of hackers have matured and the motivation behind hacking has been revolutionized from the origins to its current form. Oriyano & Gregg (2011) opines that in the 1960’s, the first generation of hackers that emerged were technology enthusiasts who created the building blocks for technological advancement. These hackers were motivated by intellectual curiosity and entertainment (Oriyano & Gregg, 2011). However, Oriyano & Gregg (2011) argues that the negative connotations that society identifies hackers began in the 1980’s in which they became computer criminals. Hacker’s activities were predominantly theft of services motivated by financial gains or personal gratification (Oriyano & Gregg, 2011). Subsequently, numerous hackers did not seem satisfied with the benign exploration of computer systems simply to learn about their internal operations as the hackers were now interested in individual gains (Clarke, Clawson & Cordell, 2003). From the 1990’s to the present, hackers criminal pursuits have propelled from pranks to malicious DoS attacks, financial damages to numerous enterprises and a thriving business of stealing credit card and other financial information with the growth of e-commerce (Oriyano & Gregg, 2011), as well as the distribution of pirated commercial software, games,...
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...The concept of this essay is to compare and contrast between the Scientific School of Thought and the Behaviorist School of Thought. To better understand this essay two matters must be understood, firstly understanding the meaning of management and secondly, the evolution of management. Management is a collection of different roles undertaken to achieve a job effectively. Another matter that needs to be understood is the evolution of management. Management has evolved from the classical approach to bureaucracy to human relations movement and social psychological schools and finally to modern approach to management. The individuals involved during the evolution of management are Frederick Winslow Taylor, Henri Fayol, Max Weber, and Elton Mayo. F. W. Taylor and Henri Fayol developed classical theories and were concerned with the arrangement and performance of a formal organisation. Max Weber developed a structure of organization known as bureaucracy. Weber developed six characteristics of bureaucracy as followed below: 1. Rules created by management, management will direct the lower levels of the organization by using in a steady and expected approach. 2. Separation of labour, each job is specified with different responsibilities and authority. 3. Hierarchical arrangement, each and every organization has a hierarchy of power. The top level staff gives direction to middle level staff and the middle level staff gives direction to the lower level...
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...registered trademark of Apollo Group, Inc. in the United States and/or other countries. Microsoft®, Windows®, and Windows NT® are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries. All other company and product names are trademarks or registered trademarks or their respective companies. Use of these marks is not intended to imply endorsement, sponsorship, or affiliation. Edited in accordance with University of Phoenix® editorial standards and practices. Course Syllabus Course Title: GEN 480 Interdisciplinary Capstone Course BSBM.04-08.BSMB0533A Course Schedule: 04/08/08 to 05/12/08 Required Text: Paul, R., & Elder, L., (2002), Critical thinking: Tools for taking charge of your professional and personal life. Upper Saddle River, NJ, Prentice Hall. Paul, R., & Elder, L., (2003), The Miniature guide to understanding the foundations of ethical reasoning, The Foundation for Critical Thinking, Dillon Beach, CA. Ruggiero, V., (2004), Thinking critically about ethical issues 6th edition, Burr Ridge, IL, McGraw-Hill. Electronic Resources: Note: All required text materials can be found on the GEN/480 course page. The page can be accessed through the University of Phoenix Student and Faculty Website at...
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...Research Assignment: “Asia’s performance during the global financial crisis has highlighted its flexibility. This flexibility, in part, arises from transformations undertaken in response to the Asian financial crisis a decade earlier.” Student Name: Eric Rodrigues Student Name: Mehmet Edib Unal Introduction The Asian Financial Crisis occurred during the year 1997-1998, and is explained well in brief by Galina Hale “East Asian countries experienced severe banking crises. Nonperforming loan ratios skyrocketed because of prior excessive risk taking and most banks had to be recapitalized by their governments.” (Hale 2011, p.3) After ten years, The Asian Financial Crisis was followed by The Global Financial Crisis in 2008. “The precise genesis of the global crisis remains subject to debate. (Lin 2012, Treichel 2012, p.3) “We will argue that global imbalances were the result of the large excess demand in the U.S. over an extended period—the financing of which was made possible by the reserve currency status of the US dollar. “This excess demand resulted from both the public debt” and “the overconsumption by households.” (Lin 2012, Treichel 2012, p.3) “As shock waves of the global financial crisis (GFC) reached East Asia in autumn 2008 immediately after the collapse of Lehman Brothers in September, the region faced the task of evaluating and reassessing the economic cooperation efforts of the previous ten years” (Katada 2011, p.274) Thus by evaluating and reassessing...
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...where he was able to move up the chain of employment due to his dedication to going above-and-beyond what role he was given. After graduating from this stage, he was first introduced to capital investing by a contact he’d made in the railroad business, a pattern of utilization of personal contacts repeated as his career continued. His business efforts were concerned primarily with growth and expansion. He broke up strikes, reorganized corporations and formed monopolies to gain more power and thereby grow his influence, resulting in a domino effect. It’s important to understand at this stage that his actions were not viewed as overly evil, because in the ambitions of Andrew Carnegie, one finds the driving spirit of Gilded Age America writ large. After the closing of the frontier, the nation remained a land of pioneers and pathfinders who were forced to look in different directions to find their destiny. Carnegie is not unique in that he pursued commercial success. Indeed, an entirely new class of self-made millionaires arose out of the economic and cultural transition of the late 19th century into the early 20th century. Carnegie however, is notable for the exceptional relationship between his personal beliefs, his business practices, and the ethical environment of his...
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...The Evolution of International Tourism Trace the course of tourism history from the 18th century Grand Tour to the present day. Discuss and evaluate the importance of broad economic and social developments, e.g. industrialisation, urbanisation, modernisation, in the growth of mass tourism and consider to what extent tourism in the 21st century, with its emphasis on ‘individual experience’, represents a ‘postmodern’ return to the pre-modernity of the Grand Tour. THE EVOLUTION OF INTERTNAIONAL TOURISM With economies growing on a daily basis across the world, an element to every economy, the word tourism receives a growing definition too. This can be interpreted as a leisure activity or a use of leisure time, with the exchange of the ordinary for the extraordinary, such an individual or group seeking this can be identified as tourists (lecture notes). Such interpretations have evolved over time from previous definitions to help represent the concept as successfully as it can. I will trace the course of tourism history from the 18th century Grand Tour to the present day. Discussing and evaluating the importance of broad economic and social developments, e.g. industrialisation, urbanisation, modernisation, in the growth of mass tourism and considering to what extent tourism in the 21st century, with its emphasis on ‘individual experience’, representing a ‘postmodern’ return to the pre-modernity of the Grand Tour with understanding of the historical and chronological evolution...
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...The Evolution of Human Computer Interface and Beyond Contents 1. Abstract 2 2. Introduction 3 3. Evolution of HCI 4 4. Important features and facts to ponder 5 4.1 Operating systems and their role in HCI 5 4.2 HCI in the making of a virtual reality 6 5. Glimpse towards the future of HCI 7 5.1 HCI for enhancing human life 7 5.2 Uses and Impacts of HCI 9 6. Conclusion 11 7. References 12 Abstract “HCI concept came into the spotlight after various researches; the improvement of GUIs paved the path for a better and advanced interaction between humans and computers. Interaction with computers has become so close; it almost devoured the human life styles. Future human life will be much dependent upon technology than ever before.” Introduction People live in a curious and modern world where they go to no lengths to embrace technology. It is people who pick and choose what to use more efficiently. HCI (Human Computer Interface) is one of the catalysts which revolutionised the computer technology to a greater extent during the past three decades. HCI concept came into the spotlight after various researches which had been done on various universities and other research labs mainly across USA. But HCI took the centre stage after the rapid growth of GUI (Graphical User Interface)...
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...Fig 1. The Modern Coffee Shop Marketplace A relatively mature market with fierce competition. The focus is on increasing Marketshare, mainly through outlet expansion, Premiumisation of products to Differentiate and increase prices to influence the average spend per visit; along with NPD and creating new channels to new markets, i.e. PRC. Specialists add value through their expertise and dramatic show of Barista skills. Brand Loyalty is low, with consumers under pressure due to static wages/rising prices. To offset, retailers offer miniatures/vending, improved convenience and create new occasions to visit stores. Fig 2. Porter’s Generic Strategies (1980) – Strategies to increase marketshare (outlet expansion) & loyalty Differentiation * | Premiumisation of products/services to differentiate & charge higher prices - Increasing spend per visit by consumer-driven N.P.D | Focus | A niche market strategy is not suitable; focus is on mass market & intense penetration with diversification of products/services | Cost Leadership | Low prices is not congruent to the Brand Values of Starbuck’s - Premium price for high quality products & customer service/experience | Fig 3. Porter’s 5 Forces - Market Attractiveness – 60% of consumers have not altered coffee habits in recession Competitive Rivalry Mature & Fierce * Branded coffee shops focus on premiumisation & quality of services - Barista expertise to emphasise their ‘added value’ * Independents...
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...passion, even though it's against what society expects as a role from a women. She is in her 40's and has been told not to work outside her home because she is a women. Sara Bahai advocates Afghanistan women to live independently and to financially support their family, stand up for themselves and in so doing she hopes one day to make a change. Sara Bahai is disobeying what her culture tells her based on the opinion of men. If Sara Bahai obeyed laws of customs of the male society, she would be going against her personal moral judgment and her humanistic conscience. If Sara Bahai didn't disobey what her culture tells she would be an intellectual slave. Fromm uses as an example of disobedience from the Greek Myth for Prometheus. Prometheus steals the fire from the Gods and gives it to humans, which is an act of disobedience. But with this action, Prometheus helps man’s evolution. The act of disobedience is a one of the necessary steps for the human evolution and growth. Prometheus does not regret his action and he gets his punishment. The author gives us this reference in order to show us how disobedience can be a good thing for somebody. Eric Fromm says that obedience is a psychological and moral problem that can have a negative impact on individuals. Humanistic conscience is when a person wants to please themselves and that will lead to a good result to them. Humanistic Conscience is when someone is interested in whatever helps someone based on what's right and wrong. Authoritarian...
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...interviews which goes into the specific individuals that deal with her issue of the “at-risk” immigrant Latino community. Her approach is on a personal basis, getting information from individual stories and dealing with their role and expanding them with interviews that dealt with their experience. Cynthia introduces her research of the immigration identify, expanding the roles and issues of perception, and delving into the personal basis. I enjoyed how she divided her work from different areas, like family culture, or extracurricular activities. Her division of topics presented different attributes that deal with immigration and Latinos “at-risk”....
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