...Each year, approximately 14 million people are infected with HVP, the Human papillomavirus (Genital HPV Infection, 2015). This virus is the most common sexually transmitted disease in the United States of America (Genital HPV Infection, 2015). Most types of HPV show no symptoms, but some cause genital warts. HPV is also associated with many cancers such as cervical, vulvar, vaginal, penile, and anal. About 40%-60% of all penile, vulvar, and vaginal cancers are caused by HPV. This virus also causes about 80% of all anal cancers and about 100% of all cervical cancers (Pandhi & Sonthalia, 2011). The 2015 estimates of cervical cancer are that 13,000 women will be diagnosed and about a third of that will die (Statistics about Cervical Cancer, 2015). Specifically, the HPV genotypes 16 and 18 are associated with 64% of these cancers (Petrosky et al., 2015). The HPV vaccines, Cervarix and Gardasil, protect against these oncogenic genotypes (Godi, Bissett, Miller, & Beddows, 2015). Even though there are risks with taking this vaccine, the HPV vaccine is safe and saves thousands of women from getting cervical cancer and other types of cancers because there have been studies done to examine the safety of the vaccine around the world and there is a less chance of being diagnosed with some autoimmune diseases the influenza vaccine. The vaccines themselves are noninfectious and actually have proteins that “self-assemble to form virus like particles that induce a protective immunity”...
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...Imagine, you wake up one morning with your feet feeling like they are being pricked by pins and needles. You go to the hospital and are diagnosed with Guillain-Barre syndrome a rare auto-immune disease that attacks your peripheral nerves and causes paralysis no one knows the cause of this disease ,no one knows how long it last and there is no known cure, but there are treatments. I became aware of Guillian- Barre syndrome when a close family member was diagnosed with it at a young age. Since then I have been inspired to increase awareness of GBS though coordinating fundraising events. I have recently been named the national ambassador of GBS and I am proud to represent such an amazing organization. I hope that one day my efforts will lead...
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...administration having one of the greatest risk factors. Serious errors may occur in approximately 2 per 1,000 prescriptions (Lesar et al, 1990). The rate of adverse drug events are estimated at approximately 1%, with 12% to 30% of them classified as serious of life threatening ( Lindquist & Gersema , 1998). Health care providers enter into a trust relationship with their patients, none more so than nurses. It is the betrayal of trust that is often part of the motivating factor of patients and their families when malpractice claims are brought against health care providers (Kraman & Hamm, 1999). In Florida a young woman with Guillian-Barre syndrome died from a medication error. The case went to court and a multimillion dollar settlement was reached when it was determined the woman was given succynylcholine which causes a fatal reaction in those with Guillian-Barre (floridahealthcarelaw.com, 2011). Another case which resulted in a fatality involved a 32-year-old woman who underwent removal of her tonsils and adenoids. Her post op analgesia included a PCA, Phenergan 25mg IV q 4 hours prn for pain, Compazine 10 mg po q 4 hours prn for nausea, Benadryl 50 mg po q 4 hours for itching and Halcion 0.25 mg hs. The PCA was set for 1mg /activation with a 6 minute lockout a bolus of 5mg morphine plus 25 mg Phenergan was given IV. Pt was administered 25 mg Phenergan IV at 1500 and 1900 and 50 mg Benadryl at 1900. The patient reported nausea at 2000 requesting Tums. The nurse reported to the...
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...In 1859, French physician Jean-Baptiste Octave Landry first documented Guillain- Barré syndrome (GBS) as “ascending paralysis.” Guillain- Barré Syndrome is an acute, acquired peripheral neuropathy with a course that is usually monophasic (Hardy, Blum, McCombe, & Reddel, 2011). It is typically triggered after an infection and rarely during vaccination. While there is currently no known cure, there are ways to decrease the severity of the illness. Without treatment, this disorder is fatal and immediately causes paralysis. If a person receives treatment soon after developing GBS, the ailments affects can be less detrimental. Landry worked with ten patients who were diagnosed with GBS. After extensively studying these patients, he was able to...
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...00_078973706x_fm.qxd 1/14/08 2:42 PM Page i NCLEX-PN ® SECOND EDITION Wilda Rinehart Diann Sloan Clara Hurd 00_078973706x_fm.qxd 1/14/08 2:42 PM Page ii NCLEX-PN® Exam Cram, Second Edition Copyright © 2008 by Pearson Education All rights reserved. No part of this book shall be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher. No patent liability is assumed with respect to the use of the information contained herein. Although every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book, the publisher and author assume no responsibility for errors or omissions. Nor is any liability assumed for damages resulting from the use of the information contained herein. ISBN-13:978-0-7897-2706-9 ISBN-10: 0-7897-3706-x Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Rinehart, Wilda. NCLEX-PN exam cram / Wilda Rinehart, Diann Sloan, Clara Hurd. -- 2nd ed. p. cm. ISBN 978-0-7897-3706-9 (pbk. w/cd) 1. Practical nursing--Examinations, questions, etc. 2. Nursing--Examinations, questions, etc. 3. National Council Licensure Examination for Practical/Vocational Nurses--Study guides. I. Sloan, Diann. II. Hurd, Clara. III. Title. RT62.R55 2008 610.73'076--dc22 2008000133 Printed in the United States of America First Printing: February 2008 Trademarks All terms mentioned in this book that are known to be trademarks or service marks have been appropriately...
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