...Agroforestry in the drylands of eastern Africa: a call to action Bashir Jama and Abdi Zeila Agroforestry in the drylands of eastern Africa: a call to action Bashir Jama and Abdi Zeila World Agroforestry Centre LIMITED CIRCULATION Titles in the Working Paper Series aim to disseminate information on agroforestry research and practices and stimulate feedback from the scientific community. Other series from the World Agroforestry Centre are: Agroforestry Perspectives, Technical Manuals, and Occasional Papers. Correct Citation: Jama B and Zeila A. 2005. Agroforestry in the drylands of eastern Africa: a call to action. ICRAF Working Paper – no. 1. Nairobi: World Agroforestry Centre. Published by the World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Eastern and Central Africa Regional Programme United Nations Avenue PO Box 30677 – 00100, Nairobi, Kenya Tel: +254 20 7224 000, via USA +1 650 833 6645 Fax: +254 20 7224 001, via USA +1 650 833 6646 Email: b.jama@cgiar.org Internet: www.worldagroforestry.org © World Agroforestry Centre 2005 ICRAF Working Paper no. 1 Photos: World Agroforestry Centre Staff Articles appearing in this publication may be quoted or reproduced without charge, provided the source is acknowledged. No use of this publication may be made for resale or other commercial purposes. All images remain the sole property of their source and may not be used for any purpose without written permission of the source. The views expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and...
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...i DECOCTION OF GUAVA LEAVES AS SUBSTITUTE FOR HYDROGEN PEROXIDE IN REMOVAL OF CALCULUS IN ORAL PROPHYLAXIS A Research Paper made for the Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement in Research II presented to Mrs. Ferrera E. Oira Arbas, Maureen B. Caballero, Amadeo John N. Morales, Ian Paul P. Ramon Teves Pastor Memorial Dumaguete Science High School SY 2013-2014 ii ABSTRACT Calculus is such a burden to many people, it can cause severe oral diseases and most of all, it makes you. Most of the people suffering from calculus go to the dentist for oral prophylaxis. Dentists use hydrogen peroxide to make the calculus soft so it would be easy to get. The researchers made a substitute for hydrogen peroxide and this substitute will make use of one of the gift of nature for us, the healing wonders of herbs. The researchers use boiled guava leaves as substitute for hydrogen peroxide. The researchers chose guava leaves because it contains many antibacterial cell like what is in Hydrogen Peroxide. The researchers have four samples of calculus from different persons, each of the samples were measured and was grouped into two treatments. Each of the treatment has 2 replicates. Every replicate were placed on the treatments together at the same time. The calculus was taken out of the treatment at exactly 4 hours after it was placed on the treatment. The researchers measured their weights, and then data were collected and analyzed thoroughly. The researchers used T-test as their...
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...Global warming is the rise in the average temperature of Earth's atmosphere and oceans since the late 19th century and its projected continuation. Since the early 20th century, Earth's mean surface temperature has increased by about 0.8 °C (1.4 °F), with about two-thirds of the increase occurring since 1980. scientists are more than 90% certain that it is primarily caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gasses produced by human activities. A greenhouse gas (sometimes abbreviated GHG) is a gas in an atmosphere that absorbs and emits radiation within the thermal infrared range. This process is the fundamental cause of the greenhouse effect.The primary greenhouse gases in the Earth's atmosphere are water vapour, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone. The causes of increasing greenhouse gases are: Burning fossil fuels, thus releasing into the atmosphere carbon that has been safely stored for millions of years by burning coal, oil and natural gas for transport and electricity. An enormous demand for electricity. The growing population of the earth all want cars, refrigerators, air-conditioning and a double garage. Most electricity is generated by burning coal. A constant and growing demand for red meat. Cattle belch out methane, a toxic greenhouse gas, much more dangerous than carbon dioxide. More and more forests and bushland, which absorb carbon dioxide from the air, are being cut down so more cattle can graze. A reduction in the planet's ability to remove...
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...ACCEPTABILITY OF AVOCADO AND YOUNG COCONUT MEAT AS HEALTHY SMOOTHIE Jo V. Ambat Annie Grace A. Bustamante Nico Braselle Casaña Raymond M. de Taza Manche P. Pere A research study presented to the faculty of Home Economics, Vocational and Technical, Education Department, College of Education, Cavite State University, Indang, Cavite in partial fulfilment of the requirements in HRML 24- Research I. Prepared under the supervision of Dr. Editha G. Reyes 1. INTRODUCTION The avocado is colloquially known as the Alligator Pear, reflecting its shape and the leather-like appearance of its skin. Avocado is derived from the Aztec word "ahuacatl". Avocados are the fruit from Persea americana, a tall evergreen tree that can grow up to 65 feet in height. Avocados vary in weight from 8 ounces to 3 pounds depending upon the variety. There are dozens of varieties of avocadoes. The rich and creamy Hass variety is the most popular type of avocado in the United States, and 95% of all avocados grown in the United States are produced in California, original home of the Hass variety. They are generally available throughout the year, they are the most abundant and at their best during the spring and summer in California and in October in Florida. While avocados are technically fruits, we have categorized them here as vegetables since this is how they are usually considered from a culinary perspective. Avocados can make a great base for a high-energy smoothie that will satisfy you and...
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...CURRENT TOPICS IN COMPUTING (CSC 812) A RESEARCH ON RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION (RFID) (PRESENT, FUTURE APPLICATION, SECURITY IMPLICATION AND CRITICS) SUBMITTED BY AKINSOWON, TOSIN BLESSING (060805018) IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF MASTER DEGREE TO DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCES, FACULTY OF SCIENCES, UNIVERSITY OF LAGOS, AKOKA, YABA, LAGOS. SESSION 2012/2013 SUPERVISED BY Prof H.O.D LONGE Abstract Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology has been available for more than fifty years. However it has only been recently that the prices of RFID devices have fallen to the point where these devices can be used as a "throwaway" inventory. This presents numerous opportunities along with innumerable risks. A lot of research is being done to suggest methods which will ensure secure communications in RFID systems. The objective of this paper is to present RFID technology, its current, future applications, study various potential threats to security, and Critics of RFID. 1 Introduction RFID 1.0 BACKGROUND STUDY Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is an automatic identification system. It make use of Radio Frequency (RF) to identify “tagged” items .Data collected were transmitted to a host system using a Radio Frequency Reader. RFID is one of the numerous technologies grouped under the term Automatic Identification (Auto ID), such as bar code, magnetic inks, optical character recognition (OCR), voice recognition, touch memory, smart cards, biometrics etc. Auto ID technologies...
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...Sustainable development (SD) is a pattern of economic growth in which resource use aims to meet human needs while preserving theenvironment so that these needs can be met not only in the present, but also for generations to come (sometimes taught as ELF-Environment, Local people, Future[citation needed]). The term 'sustainable development' was used by the Brundtland Commission which coined what has become the most often-quoted definition of sustainable development as development that "meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs."[1][2] Alternatively, sustainability educator Michael Thomas Needham referred to 'Sustainable Development' "as the ability to meet the needs of the present while contributing to the future generations’ needs."[3] There is an additional focus on the present generations responsibility to improve the future generations life by restoring the previous ecosystem damage and resisting to contribute to further ecosystem damage. Sustainable development ties together concern for the carrying capacity of natural systems with the social challenges faced by humanity. As early as the 1970s, "sustainability" was employed to describe an economy "in equilibrium with basic ecological support systems."[4]Ecologists have pointed to The Limits to Growth,[5] and presented the alternative of a "steady state economy"[6] in order to address environmental concerns. The concept of sustainable development is often...
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...ASSESSMENT OF DELHI METRO TERM PAPER REPORT Submitted in partial fullfilment of the requiremnt for the degree of Msc. Environment Management By DHRUV VERMA UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF: H.B. VASHISHT SCIENTIST -E FOREST ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT DIVISION Forest Research Institute (Deemed) University Dehradun-248006, India CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the term paper work entitled “ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF DELHI METRO PHASE III” is a bonafide work carried out by DHRUV VERMA, student of first semester M.Sc. Environment Management course of Forest Research Institute University, Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education (ICFRE), Dehradun submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for M.Sc. Environment Management, 2011-2013. The work has been carried out under the guidance of Mr. H.B. Vashisht, Scientist- E, Forest Ecology and Environment Division , ICFRE, Dehradun. Place: DEHRADUN Dean (Academic) Date: Forest Research Institute (deemed) University CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the term paper work entitled ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF DELHI METRO PHASE III is a bonafide work carried out under my guidance by DHRUV VERMA, student of first semester M.Sc. Environment Management course of Forest Research Institute University, submitted...
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...HERBS & SPICES HERBS & SPICES WHAT ARE HERBS? * Leaves of plants that lack woody stems. * Typically, the green, leafy part of the plant is used in cooking. * The plants are grown for their flavor and medicinal value. * Some define herbs as plants with healing properties. Herbs: Leaves, stems, and flowers of aromatic plants * Fresh: More aromatic; cleaner flavor * Dried: Stronger, but often harsher flavor; less expensive; crumbling lightly before use will release oils USING HERBS Fresh herbs *Ready to eat foods-add as early as possible to allow the flavor to be released *Cooked foods-add toward the end to prevent bitter flavors and burnt looking herbs Dried Herbs *Ready to eat foods-early in the cooking process *Cooked foods-early in the cooking process *If the recipe calls for fresh and you are using dried you need to ½ the amount. HISTORY As far back as 5000 BCE, Sumerians used herbs in medicine. Ancient Egyptians used fennel, coriander and thyme around 1555 BCE. In ancient Greece, in 162 CE, a physician by the name of Galen was known for concocting complicated herbal remedies that contained up to 100 ingredients. CULINARY HERBS Culinary herbs are distinguished from vegetables in that, like spices, they are used in small amounts and provide flavor rather than substance to food. Culinary herbs can come in two different forms. They can be in their natural state which is straight from the garden or bought in...
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...pot, Philippines rise from the dust of a monumental failure to a proud-gallant nation. For almost half a century of foreign domination, half century of foreign exploitation, Philippines became a ripe fruit on the Asian Tree. A proud valiant archipelago of grandiose and influences, Philippines became a melting pot, a land where too many different races took part for the development of the land. Strategically located in the heart of the Pacific, Philippines is a stepping stone. Different foreigners will be first to land in the Filipino soil before passing other Asian Countries. Geographically located in the tropic, Philippines is vested by different natural resources. Philippines, a pebble on the shoe of other Great Asian Agricultural Countries, is also a great trading empire; not only in the Asian Trade but also with the International Trade. Known as a nation rich in Tropical Fruits, Philippines showcased her greatness in International Trade as she become leading Banana and Mango exporter in Asia. Also a renowned Rice Bowl of South East Asia, Philippines sheltered the development of world-class agricultural researches that would benefit not only the Philippines but also other agricultural countries in Southeast Asia. The IRRI or the famed ‘International Rice Research Institute’ in Los Baños, Laguna, spearheaded the construction of theories, experiments and evaluations that would benefit the future of agriculture. New rice breeds were introduced because of this institution. In 2009...
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...author and editor – Erach Bharucha Unit 1 – Erach Bharucha Unit 2 – Erach Bharucha, Behafrid Patel Unit 3 – Erach Bharucha Unit 4 – Erach Bharucha Unit 5 – Shamita Kumar Unit 6 – Erach Bharucha, Shalini Nair, Behafrid Patel Unit 7 – Erach Bharucha, Shalini Nair, Behafrid Patel Unit 8 – Erach Bharucha, Shambhvi Joshi Case Studies – Prasanna Kolte Co-ordination and compilation – Behafrid Patel Textbook Design – Narendra Kulkarni (Mudra), Sushma Durve Manuscript review and editing – Chinmaya Dunster, Behafrid Patel Artists – Sushma Durve and Anagha Deshpande CD ROM – Jaya Rai and Prasanna Kolte © Copyright Text – Erach Bharucha/ UGC, 2004. Photographs – Erach Bharucha Drawings – Bharati Vidyapeeth Institute of Environment Education and Research All rights reserved. Distributed by University Grants Commission, New Delhi. 2004. ii Environmental Studies for Undergraduate Courses Preliminary Pages.p65 2 4/9/2004, 5:06 PM Vision The importance of Environmental Studies cannot be disputed. The need for sustainable development is a key to the future of mankind. The degradation of our environment is linked to continuing problems of pollution, loss of forest, solid waste disposal, issues related to economic productivity and national as well as ecological security. The increasing levels of global warming, the depletion of the ozone layer and a serious loss of biodiversity have also made everyone aware of growing environmental concerns. The United Nations Conference on...
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...The Prevention of Food Adulteration Act & Rules (as on 1.10.2004) CONTENTS PRELIMINARY SECTION 1. 2. 2-A Short title, extent and commencement Definitions Rule of construction PAGE 1 1 10 MISCELLANEOUS SECTION PAGE 14. Manufacturers, distributors and dealers to give warranty 35 14-A Vendor to disclose the name, etc, of the person from whom the article of food was purchased 36 15. Notification of food poisoning 36 16. Penalties 36 16-A Power of Court to try cases summarily 39 17. Offences by companies 43 18. Forfeiture of property 45 19. Defences which may or may not be allowed in prosecutions under this Act 46 20. Cognizance and trial of offences 47 20-A Power of Court to implead manufacturer, etc. 53 20-AA Application of the Probation of Offenders Act, 1958 and Section 360 of the Code of Criminal Procedure 1973. 54 21. Magistrates power to impose enhanced penalties 54 22. Protection of action taken in good faith 54 22-A Power of Central Government to give directions 54 23. Power of Central Government to make rules 55 24. Power of the State Government to make rules 58 25. Repeal and saving 59 THE PREVENTION OF FOOD ADULTERATION RULES, 1955 Part I PRELIMINARY RULE PAGE 1. Short title, extent and commencement 60 2. Definitions 60 vi CENTRAL COMMITTEE FOR FOOD STANDARDS AND CENTRAL FOOD LABORATORY 3. 3-A 4. 5. 6. 7. The Cental Committee for Food Standards Appointement of Secretary and other staff Central Food Laboratory GENERAL PROVISIONS AS TO FOOD Prohibition of import...
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...Morton, J. 1987. Banana. p. 29–46. In: Fruits of warm climates. Julia F. Morton, Miami, FL. Banana Musa x paridasiaca Description Origin and Distribution Varieties Climate Soil Propagation Culture Harvesting Yield Handling and Packing Controlled Ripening and Storage Pests Diseases Food Uses Animal Feed Other Uses Folklore The word "banana" is a general term embracing a number of species or hybrids in the genus Musa of the family Musaceae. Some species such as M. Basjoo Sieb. & Zucc. of Japan and M. ornata Roxb., native from Pakistan to Burma, are grown only as ornamental plants or for fiber. M. textilis Nee of the Philippines is grown only for its fiber, prized for strong ropes and also for tissue-thin tea bags. The so-called Abyssinian banana, Ensete ventricosum Cheesman, formerly E. edule Horan, Musa ensete Gmel., is cultivated in Ethiopia for fiber and for the staple foods derived from the young shoot, the base of the stem, and the corm. Most edible-fruited bananas, usually seedless, belong to the species M. acuminata Colla (M. cavendishii Lamb. ex Paxt., M. chinensis Sweet, M. nana Auth. NOT Lour., M. zebrina Van Houtee ex Planch.), or to the hybrid M. X paradisiaca L. (M. X sapientum L.; M. acumianta X M. balbisiana Colla). M. balbisiana Colla of southern Asia and the East Indies, bears a seedy fruit but the plant is valued for its disease-resistance and therefore plays an important role as a ";parent"; in the breeding of edible bananas. ...
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...ADRA AC&H AC&H H&S ADRA HA HA H&S OI REC NAT NAT OI VOC VOC SGO&H REC SGO&H pathfinder honor book 2014 revision general conference youth ministries department -1- ADRA AC&H H&S NAT HA OI SGO&H REC VOC pathfinder honor book 2014 revision general conference youth ministries department -3- General Conference Youth Ministries Department Director: Gilbert Cangy General Conference Associate Youth Director/Pathfinder World Director: Jonatan Tejel General Conference Honors Committee: Jonatan Tejel, Chairman Vanessa Correa, Secretary Gennady Kasap: ESD Youth Director Busi Khumalo: SID Youth Director Mark O’Ffill: NAD representative John Sommerfeld: SPD representative Paul Tompkins: TED Youth Director Jobbie Yabut: SSD Youth Director Udolcy Zukowski: SAD Pathfinder Director Copyright © 2014 by the Youth Ministries Department of the Seventh-day Adventist® Church All rights reserved. Published 2014 First edition published 1998. Second edition 2011. Third edition 2014 Rights for publishing this book outside the U.S.A. or in non-English languages are administered by the Youth Ministries Department of the Seventh-day Adventist® Church. For additional information, please visit our website, www.gcyouthministries. org, email youthinfo@gc.adventist.org, or write to Youth Ministries Department, General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists® Church, 12501 Old Columbia Pike, Silver Spring, MD 20904, U.S.A. Cover and inside design by Jonatan Tejel Printed in the United...
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...Escape from a Straitjacket while Trapped Underwater Escape from an Incinerator Escape a Pack of Hunting Dogs Escape from the Basement of a Collapsed Building Escape from Being Blown to Kibbles and Bits Chapter II: Car Troubles Make a Stick-Shift Car Drive Itself Repair a Busted Brake Line While in a Moving Car Fake a Flat Tire Recharge a Car Battery with a Bottle of Wine Lift Your Car with a Innertube Repair a Broken Fuel Line with a Ballpoint Pen A MacGyver Classic: Make an Arcwelder from a Car Battery and Pocket Change Chapter List Chapter III: Angus Macgyver: Superspy/ Chemistry Teacher Make a Fire Extinguisher with the Contents of Your Kitchen Cabinet stop an Acid Leak with a Chocolate Bar Read the Contents of a Burned Sheet of Paper Make Your Own Homemade Tear Gas Make a Homemade Spectroscope Create Your Own Homemade Fog Develop Photos with Battery Acid, Ammonia, and Orange Juice Power a Radio with a Cactus Use a Photographic Fixer as an Antidote and an Icepack Chapter List Chapter IV: Breaking and Entering (use only for good,...
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...Contents IntroductionDay 1MarketingDay 2Ethics Day 3AccountingDay 4Organizational BehaviorDay 5Quantitative AnalysisDay 6 FinanceDay 7OperationsDay 8Economics Day 9StrategyDay 10MBA Mini-Courses ResearchPublic SpeakingNegotiating International BusinessBusiness LawTenDay MBA DiplomaAppendix: Quantitative Analysis TablesBibliographyMBA Abbreviation LexiconIndex AcknowledgmentsAbout the AuthorPraise for the Ten-Day MBACopyrightAbout the Publisher Introduction After I earned my MBA, I had a chance to reflect on the two most exhausting and fulfilling years of my life. As I reviewed my course notes, I realized that the basics of an MBA education were quite simple and could easily be understood by a wider audience. Thousands of Ten-Day MBA readers have proven it! Readers are applying their MBA knowledge every day to their own business situations. Not only useful in the United States, The Ten-Day MBA has been translated into many languages around the world. So many people are curious about business education, including doctors, lawyers, businesspeople, and aspiring MBAs. This book answers their questions. The Ten-Day MBA really delivers useful information quickly and easily. Current MBA students have written me that they even use the book to review for exams. Ten-Day MBAs are “walking the walk and talking the talk” of MBAs every business day. It’s proven that this book can work for you. Written for the impatient student, The Ten-Day MBA allows readers to really grasp the fundamentals...
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