1. Identify and briefly describe the different kinds of communication channels in organizations. Specify the things that managers should know about using these channels in order to maximize their managerial effectiveness. Page-261
Communication is the process of transmitting information from one person or place to another. The different kinds of communication are listed below: * Kinds of Communication:

i) The Communication Process- Communication process displays the whole model of communication and its major components, which are discussed as follows: a. The sender- Sender is the person who thinks or actually builds a message which he wants to convey to another person. b. Encoding- The next step is to encode the message into verbal or symbolic form which can be recognized by receiver. c. Transmitting the message- Sender then transmits the message through various communication channels. d. Noise- Sometimes due to technical difficulties, the message is not properly conveyed to the receiver. These obstacles are known as noise. e. If the message is transmitted to receiver, the next step is decoding, in which the receiver translates the message into an understood message. f. Feedback to sender- It is the return message to the sender that indicates the receiver’s understanding of the message. ii) Formal Communication Channels- g. Downward communication h. Upward communication i. Horizontal communication iii) Informal Communication Channels- j. Also known as grapevine iv) Coaching and counselling: One-on-One Communication- k. Coaching