In this case, there are several ethical issues occurred from different perspectives. Obviously, Bill is facing ethical dilemmas right now, redo the working paper and report the issue to the client or remain unchanged. Under this situation, according to the suggestion and action from Greg, the engagement partner, which is an unethical conduct. As a professional accountant (PA), the primary beneficiaries of the audit are financial statement users rather than client. The quantity of grain are lower than the client’s record on both provincial and external (Bill) audit, even though the client may does not think is a matter. However, PA still should to report this issue, since it may influence the benefit of financial statement users. Furthermore, the client may not know their grain having issue, so PA have responsibility to clarify this problem to maintain the confidence.
Based on the rules of conduct, the accountant should ensure that he or she maintains an independent or objective state of mind when providing assurance for clients. So Bill should taking unbiased viewpoint and individual from management of corporations. For Greg’s perspective, he breached the rule, and may because of the following threats: self-interest, self-review, advocacy, familiarity and intimidation. Since the external auditor is selected by audit committee or board of director, so they represents the users of financial statements. However, company’s management may want to cover this issue, and bring more benefit. So they may bribe Greg by money, shares or loan to substitute the real working paper. Because Greg stand to gain from the result, so this is self-interest threat. Also, Greg had substantial experience in the industry, so he may have a long association between senior staff and the client, which is familiarity threat. As well, at the engagement level, independence rules for listed clients include the mandatory rotation of engagement partner and quality control partner after five years. Thus, the accounting firm should rotate Greg if he had been in the position for more than five years.
For the Bill’s perspective, there are two ways to resolve the ethical dilemmas. One is six-step approach, and the other one is Giving Voice to Values (GVV). According to the GVV, Bill need to identify the ethical issues first, which is he recognizes that Greg’s action violate the professional conduct and due care. And he also knows that these actions affect the benefit of financial statement, and could be affect the firm’s quality control and create distrust relationship with clients. Second, Bill should takes time to consider his personal and professional purpose and choices. Being a PA, the primary purpose is to contribute the accurate reporting to both client and financial statement users. So he has responsibility to change this report of recording book amounts. He should abide by professional conduct and record the true amounts. Prior to acting, he needs to gather more information and think about the best way to move forward. Thirdly, Bill should documents who the affected stakeholders are, as well as how they are affected both if he does give voice and does not. Then, Bill need to think about who should he speak with first? What data will he need to bring to each conversation? Lastly, Bill writes out an opening statement based on the above information. And practice several times that he would say to Greg. Then set up an appointment with Greg for further discussion.
In the future, public accounting firm should prepare a checklist for PA to document t the independence rules for each engagement, this helps ensure that the assessment of independence is part of the quality assurance process for each engagement. Besides, accounting firm can take actions to control the independence threat, such as: having policies and procedures, training employees, and monitoring the policies and procedures.

2 approaches:
Six-step framework
Five-step proactive approach: identification, purpose and choice, stakeholder response, powerful response, scripting and coaching
Greg should not substituted the paper work
Company should aware the over graded issue when provincial measurement occurred, even it is not significantly influence