...Assignment 1: The Role Weak Institutions in Underdeveloped Countries Courtney Roseman Dr. John Croin SOC 300-020 Society of Developing Countries 01/24/2016 How would you survive off of $2 a day as a family of four? Living on in one of the wealthiest nations on Earth that's not a question the citizen of the United States would have to trouble themselves with every day. In comparison to other countries around the world, that's their day to day reality. Living on two dollars a day limits their ability to necessities like clean drinking water, food, shelter. Access to healthcare, education and jobs are all limited resources when the question of survival depends on the inconceivable amount of money for survival. The need for survival doesn't become a paycheck to paycheck instance like in developed countries, but the need for survival is a day to day function. "Poverty is defined as the state or condition of having little or no money, goods or means of support (Poverty)." Many around the world ask the constant question of why we should care about developing the world. The connectedness of the world shows when problems arise in other countries it has the abilities to affect us and their allies. The paper will look into the underdevelopment of Gaza by identifying the weak institutions that make it so difficult to advance development, analyze the specific actions that the leadership of Gaza has taken and discuss whether or not the state's private institutions are working to...
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...discussed how the Hamas ruled Gaza in the first place and what really triggered the war and tension between them and Fatah. We viewed a short video of the location of Gaza. Gaza is a Palestinian region on the Mediterranean sea that borders Egypt and Israel. Gaza is populated with the estimate of 1.8 million people. The Hamas were founded in 1987 as Palestinian branch of the Egyptian Muslim brotherhood. After the death of the PLO leaser in 2004 Hamas began to gain more politics ground. In 2006 Hamas won the Palestinian elections against the Fatah. Hamas won 76 seats in the Parliament compared to Fatah. Because Hamas won the election there was a long tension between them and Fatah leading to a dividing government. There was an attempt to unite them to but unfortunately failed. From 2006-2007 there was a civil war in a way between Fatah and Hamas and eventually the Fatah’s were driven out. This is said to be a preemptive cue of the Hamas because Fatah has plans to run the Hamas out as well. However Hamas found and took action first leading to the full control of Gaza. Hamas was then seen as the terrorist organization to Israel, US, and Canada. Eventually there was a blockade from Israel and Egypt. What seemed to have caused the war was the kidnapping and murder of the three Israeli teenagers. Israel blamed it on the Hamas, which they denied. Come to find out the murder was by a Palestine clan from the Hamas. Israel used that reason to literally do a sweep of Hamas. There is a theory...
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...General Assembly vote of Palestine being recognized as an observer state and now they are officially considered the “State of Palestine” by popular vote. Israel and the United States, however, did not recognize Palestine’s upgrade within the UN. This issue is very important to understand the United States’ role in today’s Israel-Palestine relations. The United States’ most watched news channels, Fox and CNN, have a very one-sided view on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict—generally one that favors Israel. Al Jazeera, the most popular Arab news channel, seems objective for the most part, but occasionally Palestinian favoritism can be seen. Haaretz newspaper, the most read Israeli newspaper in English, seems to be neutral, but also anti-Hamas on this debate; however, it does acknowledge good aspects of the Palestinian side. All of this is apparent through the wording used in the articles, the various sources of each news channel’s information, and the amount of opinions versus fact based information included in each article. The United States is a proud supporter of Israel and has been ever since Israel declared statehood. As seen in history, Israel has had full U.S. support not only militarily, but through the media also. The CNN and Fox articles are both about how the Palestine is treated, or should be treated by the United States. The Fox article discusses how the U.S. Ambassador, Susan Rice, in the UN General Assembly objected to the acceptance of the name “State of Palestine”...
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...The Gaza Strip: Demography: * About 1.7 million inhabitants, with about 1 million being un-registered refugees * Many are decedents of Palestinians that sought refuge during the Arab-Israeli war in the late 1940’s * Large population growth, due to an extremely high fertility rate of about 5 children per woman and a current median age about 18 years * Religious distribution is about 99.3% Sunni Muslim and 0.7% Christian Economic & Social Situation: * After the Hamas group won elections in 2006 (seen as a terrorist group by the US, Canada, and the European Union) all funds to the Palestinian government have been frozen by these countries * The strip has been shut out from Israel, with the only goods being allowed in being of humanitarian nature * Because of the Israeli withdrawal the GDP of the Strip greatly declined * In 2010 Israel eased its closure to the strip, thus allowing some economic growth * Major infrastructure improvements have been occurring since 2010, with unemployment falling and demand for workers exceeding supply * There are many radical political and militant groups within the strip, with extreme acts occurring to both Israeli and Egyptian cities * Literacy (over 15 years of age and can read and write) is 95.3% * UN runs many of the schools in the Gaza, very overpopulated classrooms, and very scary outlook with such a high rate of population growth and limited space * Youth unemployment currently around...
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...Given the growing global threats of terrorism, it is significant that an understanding of the history, nature and mechanism-premises under which terror operates is obtained. This is significant as it would shape the perspective of policy makers when addressing issues of this nature. Terrorism, as it is understood is the action of none-state weak actors, individual or groups, who for some reasons feels suppressed, marginalized and, or denied what they may view as the basic human right. All terrorism has political objectives, even though the perpetrators may use religious relics to appeal to a wider existing audience, and invoke a response through violent act to prove or propagate their point. Yoram Schweitzer in "Suicide Terrorism Development &ump; Characteristics," Mark Sedgwick in "Al-Qaeda and the "Nature of Religious Terrorism," and Dr. James Armstrong, all demonstrates that suicide terror attacks are politically motivated even though the perpetrator may use religious symbolism to justifies their acts. Observing areas in the world where terrorism is frequent, especially in the Middle East, it can be argued that groups that engaged in terrorists' activities are those that feel suppressed and taken advantage of by a much greater power. Thus, terrorism, particularly suicide terror is prevalent in areas where systems of gross injustice seem to exist. Therefore, the actual use of terrorism by non-state actors is a tactic aimed at polarizing the population in their favor...
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...Issue of Cease-fire between Israel and Hamas not likely to be Resolved International Community has urged Israel to not wage a ground war against Palestine but on Sunday, July 13th Israel has launched a ground attack in which around 18 members of the a family dies. The incursion by Israel was centred to the site from where Hamas, The Sunni Islamist Group in Gaza Strip was launching its long ranged rockets targeted to the Israel. Israel and Hamas indulged in a fight since few weeks, till now Hamas was using rockets to attack Israel and in counter Israel was using airstrikes but now as the situation become severe Israel has took the route of incursion from ground. Restoration of Cease-fire between Israel and Gaza Strip has been issue of discussion among many regional as well as international players. Quartet on Middle East named Group has been established in 2002 to mediate the peace talks in between Israel and Palestine, four member entities of this group are United States, Russia, European Union and United Nations. Special Envoy of the group, Tony Blair visited Cairo in Egypt regarding the issue and had a meeting with President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi to facilitate peace talk between Israel and Hamas so that a cease-fire can be restored between them. But as the sources revealed efforts to stop the conflict are going in vain because Hamas has asserted that there is no possibility of peace now and the Islamist group won’t become the part of any truce. As no international player is actually...
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...Given the growing global threats of terrorism, it is significant that an understanding of the history, nature and mechanism-premises under which terror operates is obtained. This is significant as it would shape the perspective of policy makers when addressing issues of this nature. Terrorism, as it is understood is the action of none-state weak actors, individual or groups, who for some reasons feels suppressed, marginalized and, or denied what they may view as the basic human right. All terrorism has political objectives, even though the perpetrators may use religious relics to appeal to a wider existing audience, and invoke a response through violent act to prove or propagate their point. Yoram Schweitzer in "Suicide Terrorism Development & Characteristics," Mark Sedgwick in "Al-Qaeda and the "Nature of Religious Terrorism," and Dr. James Armstrong, all demonstrates that suicide terror attacks are politically motivated even though the perpetrator may use religious symbolism to justifies their acts. Observing areas in the world where terrorism is frequent, especially in the Middle East, it can be argued that groups that engaged in terrorists' activities are those that feel suppressed and taken advantage of by a much greater power. Thus, terrorism, particularly suicide terror is prevalent in areas where systems of gross injustice seem to exist. Therefore, the actual use of terrorism by non-state actors is a tactic aimed at polarizing the population in their favor. By killing...
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...Advance Edited Version Distr. GENERAL A/HRC/12/48 15 September 2009 Original: ENGLISH HUMAN RIGHTS COUNCIL Twelfth session Agenda item 7 HUMAN RIGHTS IN PALESTINE AND OTHER OCCUPIED ARAB TERRITORIES Report of the United Nations Fact Finding Mission on the Gaza Conflict ∗ ∗ Late submission A/HRC/12/48 page 2 Paragraphs Page EXECUTIVE SUMMARY PART ONE INTRODUCTION I. II. III. METHODOLOGY CONTEXT EVENTS OCCURRING BETWEEN THE “CEASEFIRE” OF 18 JUNE 2008 BETWEEN ISRAEL AND THE GAZA AUTHORITIES AND THE START OF ISRAEL’S MILITARY OPERATIONS IN GAZA ON 27 DECEMBER 2008 IV. APPLICABLE LAW PART TWO OCCUPIED PALESTINIAN TERRITORY: THE GAZA STRIP Section A V. VI. THE BLOCKADE: INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW OVERVIEW OF MILITARY OPERATIONS CONDUCTED BY ISRAEL IN GAZA BETWEEN 27 DECEMBER 2008 AND 18 JANUARY 2009 AND DATA ON CASUALTIES ATTACKS ON GOVERNMENT BUILDINGS AND POLICE VIII. OBLIGATION ON PALESTINIAN ARMED GROUPS IN GAZA TO TAKE FEASIBLE PRECAUTIONS TO PROTECT THE CIVILIAN POPULATION VII. A/HRC/12/48 page 3 IX. OBLIGATION ON ISRAEL TO TAKE FEASIBLE PRECAUTIONS TO PROTECT CIVILIAN POPULATION AND CIVILIAN OBECTS IN GAZA X. INDISCRIMINATE ATTACKS BY ISRAELI ARMED FORCES RESULTING IN THE LOSS OF LIFE AND INJURY TO CIVILIANS XI. DELIBERATE ATTACKS AGAINST THE CIVILIAN POPULATION XII. THE USE OF CERTAIN WEAPONS XIII. ATTACKS ON THE FOUNDATIONS OF CIVILIAN LIFE IN GAZA: DESTRUCTION OF INDUSTRIAL INFRASTRUCTURE, FOOD PRODUCTION, WATER INSTALLATIONS, SEWAGE...
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...Analyze the financial practices of terrorist groups to acquire resources and explain how they move and store monetary resources. Support your response. To some extent, terrorist funding includes a variety of tactics and strategies at the macro and micro levels. At the macro level, large-scale terrorist organizations such as al Qaeda, Hamas, and Hezbollah solicit or raise funds for a variety of purposes, including the funding of their extensive networks that span several countries. This funding comes primarily from charities, benefactors, and transnational organized crime activities. The funding of local cells often is intended to finance specific terrorist events. The micro level includes local cells that may or may not be affiliated with a larger terrorist organization. In some cases, local cells, whether affiliated or independent, will engage in fund-raising. They operate legitimate businesses, engage in crime, and have relationships with local charities and supporters. Generally, the local cells will use the money to sustain themselves and fund localized terrorist-related activities. They sometimes will transfer or contribute money to other cells or the terrorist organization with which they are associated. terrorist financial transactions are a complicated matter. They are multifacetedand involve a number of stages and participants. Through intelligence gathering or trialand error, terrorists often identify cracks or loopholes in financing regulations and move theirmonies...
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...Gaza’s economy. BACKGROUND 1. Political Environment Gaza has very long history in the world, and it is also a place that suffered a lot. It has been ruled by both Egypt and Israel and is beloved by neither, which is a problem for all. Gazans are emphatically Palestinian, a national identity forged from the trauma of losing their land to Jewish armies in 1948, the year Israel was established. Many defeated Arab landowners fled to Gaza, where 3 out of 4 residents are classified as refugees. The Jews initially made no claim to Gaza, and the strip of coast became a holding pen administered by Egypt's military. The West Bank was annexed by Jordan. (Vick, Klein, &Khalil, 2012) Nowadays Hamas Government controls this place, but it is still not a country. Israel, which considers Hamas a terrorist group, allowed just a few dozen through its crossing at the other end of Gaza on any given day, mostly medical patients and a select group of businessmen who trade with Israel. Both borders were frequently closed on security...
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...enemy a little better America could have possibly been more prepared for the attack on Sept. 11. Although understanding one’s self and one’s adversary is not always an easy task, particularly considering the use of propaganda, misperception and ethnocentrism (Mahnken, 2007: 77). As the world continues to rapidly change especially the change in how war is fought, Sun Tzu’s theories will continue to play a great role in understanding our environment politically and economically and recognizing our strengths and weaknesses. Sun Tzu’s indirect approach can be utilized in the upcoming announcement of Hamas’s new leadership. The Hamas is going full force ahead and is determined to destroy Israel by sharpening their strategic plans. This would be the time to investigate their intentions and study the new person that will be in charge of the Hamas to develop skillful counter measures against them....
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...TERRORISM IS TERRORISM, BUT WHICH IS WORSE? YOU DECIDE Alexandra Gadi THST 398 – Dr. Soomekh Final Paper Due: April 29, 2011 Terrorism in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict has been an impacting factor on both sides, resulting in numerous and unnecessary casualties. Israel’s terrorism was rooted mainly from Gush Emunim, “Bloc of the Faithful” . On the other hand, Palestinian terrorism has spawned from a wide scope of different beliefs ranging from secular Palestinians through religious Jihadists. Jihad literary means struggle in Arabic . These Jihadists and secular terrorists blow themselves up with the belief that they are furthering their cause and feel as if they are warriors fighting in the battle for a homeland and freedom, one explosion at a time. Gush Emunim started as a Jewish fundamentalist movement in Israel that sought out to reclaim the lands of Abraham through a combination of propaganda, religious justification, and military force . Gush Emunim’s action “shows the growing resentment by Jewish fundamentalism of moves for peace. This, logically, was to lead to the “righteous” killing of [Yitzchak] Rabin” . Gush Emunim has used its religious power as a stepping-stone into Israeli politics in order to gain legal support for its settlement plans. The Gush Emunim movement has been made responsible for evicting Palestinian refugees from their homes in order to build their own settlements . Basing their...
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...What motivate suicide bombers? Outline I. Introduction:- The driving force behind suicide attackers is not solely based on religion; in fact, it has just as much to do with revenge, humiliation, and indoctrination. II. Suicide bombers decide to take such actions as an act of vengeance III. Humiliation can play a determining factor in suicide bombings. IV. There are general misunderstandings on the motives and root causes of suicide bombings. V. The second phase of the indoctrination process is the recruitment stage. Conclusion:- The reasoning behind suicide bombings is various and wide-ranging. Many factors come in to play such as retribution, degradation, and propaganda. Terror groups justify this action as the only way to respond due to the fact they may not have sophisticated weaponry or military. The fact remains there are constantly gaining new candidates to replace every suicidal mission, which compels terrorist groups to believe it is the right action to take. Furthermore, fear, terror and death caused by suicide bomb explosions can devastate people psychologically and alter societal life Essay The idea of killing oneself for a cause is unimaginable for most people; however, for some individuals, it is a heroic act. Young men, women, and even children have taken their own lives enacting this fatalistic practice. Suicide bombers truly define the meaning of the word terror. This phenomenon is far from new to the world, in World War 2; Japanese...
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...In the U.S.-led “global war on terrorism,” al-Qa`ida and its militant affiliates have come to serve as both symbol and explanatory matrix for a range of disparate militant groups in the Middle East and beyond. Included among these are the Palestinian rejectionist factions and the Lebanese Hizballah, despite the fact that their roots, worldviews, and agendas are inimical to those of al-Qa`ida. This article argues that the scholarly and political effort to lump together diverse resistance groups into a homogenous “terrorist enemy,” ultimately symbolized by Osama Bin Laden, is part and parcel of neocolonial power politics whereby all “native” struggles against established power structures are placed beyond reason and dialogue. The authors contend that while the Palestinian rejectionist factions and the Lebanese Hizballah may be understood as local representations of the anticolonial “third worldist” movement, al-Qa`ida and its affiliates operate within a “neo–third worldist” framework, a dichotomy that entails tactical and strategic differences, both political and military. The article draws on an extensive series of author interviews with leaders and cadres from Hizballah and the Palestinian factions. In response to al-Qa`ida’s 11 September 2001 attacks, the United States declared war not merely against those who had set upon it, but against an open-ended range of “terrorist organizations and those who harbor and support them.”1 Within two weeks of the attacks, U.S. President George...
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...reservists, more than doubling the number authorized the previous day. Heavy armor and soldiers from two elite brigades continued to mass at staging grounds on the Gaza border. A decision to launch a ground invasion could come within 24 to 36 hours if rocket fire continues, Deputy Foreign Minister Danny Ayalon told CNN on Friday "They don't call up all these reserves to keep people standing in the stands watching," said a senior Israeli military official. "After rockets on Tel Aviv and Jerusalem, it's pretty hard not to" order a ground invasion. For three hours on Friday, Egyptian Prime Minister Hisham Qandil visited the Gaza Strip and stood hand-in-hand with leaders of Hamas, the militant and political group that rules Gaza. Coming after two days of Israeli strikes there, it was a bold show of support for Hamas from Cairo as well as a diplomatic gambit to gain a break in the fighting. Israel had pledged to hold its fire during Mr. Qandil's visit. But rockets from the Palestinian territory could be heard taking off toward Israel, even as the Egyptian premier spoke to reporters. Relatives grieve at the funeral of one of the three killed in an attack on Kiryat Malachi, Israel. The emerging question in the latest conflict—which was sparked by a rise in Gazan rocket attacks on Israel earlier this month, and broke into the open when Israel assassinated Hamas's top military commander on Wednesday—is how far Egypt's...
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