...the values or products of care most affected by the assessment and interventions delivered by nurses, the rate of PUs is being screened thoroughly now than ever before (Manning, 2015). Pressure ulcers (PUs) are preventable, but PU rates persist to increase disturbingly fast, according to an article by Gary and Hampton published in 2015, the incidence of PUs has increased in the US between 1995 and 2008. The purpose of this paper is to review the incidence of PUs and how to prevent its occurrence and nurses’ responsibility. Practice Setting Problem Pressure ulcer occurs when part of the skin and the tissues underneath are impaired as a result of being placed under enough pressure to impair blood supply. Immobility-related pressure ulcers are defined as localized areas of tissue damage that develops when soft tissue is compressed between a bony prominence and an external surface for a prolonged time. The most common sites were the sacrum, the heel, the ischium and the trochanter. Pressure is where the weight of the body squeezes the tissues between a bony prominence (such as heel, elbow, sacrum or ischials etc) and a hard surface (such as bed, chair or, in the case of heels, the floor). There are four critical factors contributing to the development of pressure ulcers: pressure; shearing forces; friction and moisture. Beside these factors there are also patient factors such as neurological, impaired mobility, poor nutrition and poor posture or deformity that can contribute...
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...bepress Legal Series Year Paper Enron and the Special Purpose Entity. Use or Abuse? The Real Problem - The Real Focus Neal F. Newman Texas Wesleyan Law School This working paper is hosted by The Berkeley Electronic Press (bepress) and may not be commercially reproduced without the permission of the copyright holder. http://law.bepress.com/expresso/eps/1165 Copyright c 2006 by the author. Enron and the Special Purpose Entity. Use or Abuse? The Real Problem - The Real Focus Abstract In December of 2001, Enron Corporation filed for bankruptcy under Chapter 11 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code; one of the largest corporate bankruptcy filings at that time. When the investigations commenced and the tangled Enron web was unraveled, it was discovered that Enron had perpetrated a very sophisticated form of accounting fraud through its repeated use of what are referred to as Special Purpose Entities (“SPEs”). In their most basic forms, SPEs are business entities formed for the purpose of conducting a well specified activity such as construction of a gas pipeline, or collection of a specific group of accounts receivable. However, because of their complex nature, SPEs can be used to manipulate a corporation’s financial results, which was the primary use for which Enron employed the SPE structure. As a result, the investment and financial community has cast a dark cloud over the special purpose entity, depicting the SPE as an inherently evil structure whose only purpose is to...
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...only part of the grim reality, with near–fatal abuse and neglect accounting for more than 18,000 permanently disabled children, and approximately 142,000 serious injuries (Baladerian, 1991). Findings from the report, A Nation’s Shame: Fatal Child Abuse and Neglect in the United States, indicate that African Americans are overrepresented in both fatalities and near–fatal injuries (U.S. Advisory Board on Child Abuse and Neglect, 1995). Research shows that child deaths from physical trauma are most frequently caused by angry, out–of–control males. Mothers are more likely to be responsible for deaths caused by severe neglect (U.S. Advisory Board on Child Abuse and Neglect, 1995). However, researchers 31 cannot account for the large numbers of cases of homicide against African American children. Data on the types of abuse by ethnic groups are...
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...RULE 101. SCOPE; DEFINITIONS (a) Scope. These rules apply to proceedings in United States courts. The specific courts and proceedings to which the rules apply, along with exceptions, are set out in Rule 1101. (b) Definitions. In these rules: (1) “civil case” means a civil action or proceeding; (2) “criminal case” includes a criminal proceeding; (3) “public office” includes a public agency; (4) “record” includes a memorandum, report, or data compilation; (5) a “rule prescribed by the Supreme Court” means a rule adopted by the Supreme Court under statutory authority; and (6) a reference to any kind of written material or any other medium includes electronically stored information. RULE 102. PURPOSE These rules should be construed so as to administer every proceeding fairly, eliminate unjustifiable expense and delay, and promote the development of evidence law, to the end of ascertaining the truth and securing a just determination. RULE 103. RULINGS ON EVIDENCE (a) Preserving a Claim of Error. A party may claim error in a ruling to admit or exclude evidence only if the error affects a substantial right of the party and: (1) if the ruling admits evidence, a party, on the record: (A) timely objects or moves to strike; and (B) states the specific ground, unless it was apparent from the context; or (2) if the ruling excludes evidence, a party informs the court of its substance by an offer of proof, unless the substance was apparent from the context. (b) Not Needing...
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...[Cover page] Policy Analysis Unit (PAU) Working Paper Series: WP 0807 Transmission of International Commodity Prices to Domestic Prices in Bangladesh M. Golam Mortaza Habibour Rahman June 2008 Policy Analysis Unit (PAU) Bangladesh Bank Head Office, Dhaka, Bangladesh (www.bangladeshbank.org.bd) (www.bangladesh-bank.org) Policy Analysis Unit* (PAU) Working Paper Series: WP 0807 Transmission of International Commodity Prices to Domestic Prices in Bangladesh M. Golam Mortaza Research Economist Policy Analysis Unit Bangladesh Bank Habibour Rahman Research Economist Policy Analysis Unit Bangladesh Bank June 2008 Copyright © 2008 by Bangladesh Bank * In an attempt to upgrade the capacity for research and policy analysis at Bangladesh Bank (BB), PAU prepares and publishes Working Papers on macroeconomic issues as a part of its routine activities. These papers reflect research in progress, and as such comments are most welcome. It is expected that these papers would eventually be published in learned journals after undergoing due review process. Neither the Board of Directors nor the management of, or any agency of the Government of Bangladesh necessarily endorses any or all of the views expressed in these papers. The latter reflects views based on professional analysis carried out by the staff of Bangladesh Bank, and hence the usual caveat of research reports applies. [An electronic version of this paper is available at www.bangladeshbank...
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...Implementation and Development of Vehicle Tracking and Immobilization Technologies MTI Report 09-04 MINETA TRANSPORTATION INSTITUTE The Norman Y. Mineta International Institute for Surface Transportation Policy Studies (MTI) was established by Congress as part of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991. Reauthorized in 1998, MTI was selected by the U.S. Department of Transportation through a competitive process in 2002 as a national “Center of Excellence.” The Institute is funded by Congress through the United States Department of Transportation’s Research and Innovative Technology Administration, the California Legislature through the Department of Transportation (Caltrans), and by private grants and donations. The Institute receives oversight from an internationally respected Board of Trustees whose members represent all major surface transportation modes. MTI’s focus on policy and management resulted from a Board assessment of the industry’s unmet needs and led directly to the choice of the San José State University College of Business as the Institute’s home. The Board provides policy direction, assists with needs assessment, and connects the Institute and its programs with the international transportation community. MTI’s transportation policy work is centered on three primary responsibilities: Research MTI works to provide policy-oriented research for all levels of government and the private sector to foster the development of optimum surface...
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...[pic] Resolution of the World Health Organization After meeting in Geneva in May 2003 for the Fifty-Sixth World Health Assembly, the WHO outlined its Global Initiative for the Elimination of Avoidable Blindness, or VISION 2020 plan. The WHO urges national governments to: • Set up, not later than 2005, a national VISION 2020 plan, in partnership with the WHO and in collaboration with NGOs and the private sector. • Establish a national coordinating committee for VISION 2020 or a national blindness prevention committee, which may include consumer or patient groups, to develop and implement the plan. • Commence implementation of such plans by 2007 at the latest. • Include effective information systems with standardized indicators and periodic monitoring and evaluation, with the aim of showing a reduction in the magnitude of avoidable blindness by 2010. • Mobilize resources for eliminating avoidable blindness. In turn, the WHO agrees to: • Maintain and strengthen the WHO’s collaboration with governments and all partners of the initiative. • Ensure coordination of the implementation of the VISION 2020 plan, by setting up a monitoring committee grouping all those involved, including national government representatives. • Provide support for strengthening national capability, especially through development of human resources, to coordinate, assess, and prevent avoidable blindness...
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...An analysis of research and literature on CREATIVITY IN EDUCATION Report prepared for the Qualifications and Curriculum Authority by Anna Craft March 2001 2 Contents Page Numbers 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Aims and purposes 1.2 Approach taken and areas covered 4 2.0 A summary of the research and literature on creativity 2.1 Historical overview 2.2 The early part of the twentieth century 2.3 More recent directions in creativity research 2.4 Lines of study stemming from the 1950s 2.4.1 Personality 2.4.2 Cognition 2.4.3 Ways to stimulate creativity 2.4.4 Creativity and social systems 2.5 Background to creativity in education 2.6 Broader claims for creativity in the curriculum 5-12 3.0 What do we mean by creativity? 3.1 Definitions or descriptions of creativity 3.2 High creativity 3.3 Ordinary, or ‘democratic’ creativity 13-15 4.0 The development of creativity in education 4.1 Research into the development of creativity in education 4.1.1 Comprehensive approaches 4.1.2 Educational approaches 4.1.3 Psychodynamic approaches 4.1.4 Humanistic approaches 4.1.5 Behaviourist approaches 4.2 Teaching approaches to developing creativity 4.2.1 ‘Creative cycle’ approaches 4.2.2 Single-strategy approaches 4.2.3 Multi-strategy approaches 4.2.4 System approaches 4.2.5 Overall pedagogic criteria approaches 16-22 3 5.0 Assessment and creativity 5.1 Recording and assessing creativity 23-24 6.0 Conclusions and key findings 6.1 High and democratic creativity ...
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...FAMILY INVOLVEMENT MAKES A DIFFERENCE EVIDENCE THAT FAMILY INVOLVEMENT PROMOTES SCHOOL SUCCESS FOR EVERY CHILD OF EVERY AGE Harvard Family Research Project Harvard Graduate School of Education HARVARD FAMILY RESEARCH PROJECT NO. 1 in a series SPRING 2006 Family Involvement IN EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION The family seems to be the most effective and economical system for fostering and sustaining the child’s development. Without family involvement, intervention is likely to be unsuccessful, and what few effects are achieved are likely to disappear once the intervention is discontinued.1 —Urie Bronfenbrenner This brief is dedicated to Urie Bronfenbrenner (1917–2005) whose pioneering research influenced the work of Harvard Family Research Project. Introduction Family involvement matters for young children’s cognitive and social development. But what do effective involvement processes look like, and how do they occur? This research brief summarizes the latest evidence base on effective involvement—that is, the research studies that link family involvement in early childhood to outcomes and programs that have been evaluated to show what works. The conceptual framework guiding this research review is complementary learning. Harvard Family Research Project (HFRP) believes that for children and youth to be successful from birth through adolescence, there must be an array of learning supports around them. These learning supports...
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...2010 Census Demographic Profile Summary File 2010 Census of Population and Housing Technical Documentation Issued August 2011 DPSF/10-4 (RV) U.S. Department of Commerce Economics and Statistics Administration U.S. CENSUS BUREAU For additional information concerning the files, contact the Customer Liaison and Marketing Services Office, Customer Services Center, U.S. Census Bureau, Washington, DC 20233, or phone 301-763-INFO (4636). For additional information concerning the technical documentation, contact the Administrative and Customer Services Division, Electronic Products Development Branch, U.S. Census Bureau, Washington, DC 20233, or phone 301-763-8004. 2010 Census Demographic Profile Summary File 2010 Census of Population and Housing Issued August 2011 DPSF/10-4 (RV) Technical Documentation U.S. Department of Commerce Rebecca M. Blank, Acting Secretary Vacant, Deputy Secretary Economics and Statistics Administration Rebecca M. Blank, Under Secretary for Economic Affairs U.S. CENSUS BUREAU Robert M. Groves, Director SUGGESTED CITATION FILES: 2010 Census Demographic Profile Summary File— [machine-readable data files]/ prepared by the U.S. Census Bureau, 2011. TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION: 2010 Census Demographic Profile Summary File— Technical Documentation/ prepared by the U.S. Census Bureau, 2011. ECONOMICS AND STATISTICS ADMINISTRATION Economics and Statistics Administration Rebecca M. Blank, Under...
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...Back to Hotel Strategic Management 101: An examination of hotels’ implementation of Porter’s generic strategy in China Yin-Hsi Lo, Assistant Professor of Hospitality Management, Southern Taiwan University, Taiwan ABSTRACT The market-position view (MPV) of the firm in Porter’s generic strategy hypothesizes that the exploitation of differentiation and cost-leadership can create competitive advantage for a firm, which then has a better chance of outperforming other firms in a homogeneous industry. However, this notion has not been tested in the Chinese hotel industry. In response to this gap, this study empirically examines the relationships between the generic strategies of differentiation and cost leadership and hotels’ organizational performance. The results suggest that differentiation is the only significant generic strategy that influences customer satisfaction in the Chinese hotel industry. These findings have important academic and practitioner implications, which are then discussed. Keywords: Competitive Strategy, Customer Satisfaction, Hotel Performance, Market Positioning INTRODUCTION There has been a great deal of discussion in the literature about the impressive hotel development in China in the past 20 years (Derbaix & Pham, 1998; Devonport, Biscomb, & Lane, 2008; Echtner & Ritchie, 1993; Fakeye & Crompton, 1991; C Fornell, 1992; Foxall & Goldsmith, 1994; Pine, 2002; Yu & Gu, 2005). Specifically, many interesting issues have become the favorite topics...
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...Table of Contents Executive Summary 3 Industry Analyses 4 Definition of the Business 5 Purpose of the Business 6 Map into the future 6 Supporting growth and securing funds (Attracting Investors) 6 Management of cash flow 6 Attract and Motivate Employees 7 Business Feasibility 8 Justification of the Business 9 Economic Benefits 9 Social Benefits 9 Personal Benefits 9 Organization and Management 11 Mission Statement 11 Everybody’s Bookstore Mission Statement 11 Cooperate Goals 12 Managerial Competence 12 Organizational Chart 13 Everybody’s Bookstore Organization Chart 14 General Manager 14 Financial Controller 14 Marketing Manager 14 Human Resource Manager 15 Human Resource Management 16 Recruitment and Selection 16 Training 17 Compensation 17 Performance Management 17 Conditions of Employment 18 Operational Considerations 19 Location 19 Layout of Store 19 Staff 19 Basic Operations 20 Utilities 20 Marketing Arrangements 22 Financial Considerations 23 Implementation Schedule 24 Appendix I 25 Appendix II 26 Appendix III 27 Appendix IV 28 Appendix V 29 Appendix VI 30 Appendix VII 31 References 34 Credits and Acknowledgements 35 Executive Summary Everyone's Bookstore is a start-up used book store in the Papine area of Kingston, Jamaica. The main goal of the company's management is to acquire local market share in the used book store industry through low prices, a dominant selection of products, a competitive variety of...
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...Adult Media Literacy A review of the research literature on behalf of Ofcom By Sonia Livingstone Elizabeth Van Couvering Nancy Thumim Department of Media and Communications London School of Economics and Political Science Houghton Street London WC2A 2AE Tel: +44 (0) 20 7955 7710 Fax:+44 (0) 20 7955 7248 E-mail: s.livingstone@lse.ac.uk Ofcom Adult media literacy Preface Ofcom is the independent regulator for the UK communications industry. As part of Ofcom’s work to promote media literacy we plan to undertake or support a range of research activities to monitor people’s skills, knowledge and understanding of communications technologies and the content they watch and listen to either through broadcasting or online. Ofcom defines media literacy as the ability to access, understand and create communications in a variety of contexts. We have published our strategy and priorities for the promotion of media literacy and these can be found on our website. In October 2004 we commissioned Professor David Buckingham and Professor Sonia Livingstone to report on recent relevant academic and other publicly-available research into children’s and adults’ media literacy respectively. The purpose of this work was to outline the range of studies conducted, the gaps in research, provide examples of innovative methodologies, and outline possible barriers and enablers to media literacy identified by these studies. These reviews have admirably fulfilled their task, and provide a...
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...The Walt Disn ey Compan y Successful Management Practices Prepared for: Professor Jessie Richards Prepared by: Alli Hock Date: April 18, 2012 2 Table Of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY……………………………………………………………3 INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………………….…….3 BACKGROUND…………………………………………………..……………….....4 Biography………………………………………….…………………….4 Beginning Of Disney Bros. Studios...…………………………………..5 Development Of Management Style……………..……………….........5 The Dreamer………………………………………………………………....5 The Realist……………………………………………………………….…..5 The Spoiler…………………………………………………………………...6 ANALYSIS………………………………………………….……………….….…….6 Original Company Values………….…………………………………..6 Hiring The Best For The Job……………………………………………...6 Talent Within The Organization….…………………………………….…6 Exceeding Customer Expectations…..………………………………..…7 The Interview Process…………….…………………………………...7 Internship Program………………..…………………………………...7 Attitude…………………………..……………………………………..…. 8 Drawbacks to Selection Standards….……………………………..…...8 Employee Training Process…...………………………………….…...8 Figure 1-1. A Balanced Approach to Employment..……………..…….8 Disney Training Programs…………………………………….....…….9 Attention To Detail…………………………………………………...……9 Training Program Downside…………………………………..………….9 Figure 1-2. Disney Manhole Cover………………………………10 Creating Employee Environment……………………………….……..10 Being Involved At All Levels……………………………...…….……..11 Effects Of Management Focus…………………………..……..………..11 Ensuring Job Significance…………..…………………………………11 ...
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...COUNCIL DIRECTIVE ON AMBIENT AIR QUALITY ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT WORKING GROUP ON BENZENE POSITION PAPER September 1998 COUNCIL DIRECTIVE ON AMBIENT AIR QUALITY ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT WORKING GROUP ON BENZENE 1 POSITION PAPER PREFACE Scope Summary 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Benzene in the atmosphere 1.2 Emissions of benzene 1.3 Atmospheric chemistry and transport 1.4 Benzene ambient air concentrations 1.5 Current National Standards and Guidelines 1.6 Summary 1.7 References 2. RISK ASSESSMENT Scope 2.1. 2.2 2.3. 2.4. 2.5. 2.6 Human exposure to benzene Health Effects National and other Health-based Air Quality Guidelines Evaluation of human health risks Recommendations for developing limit values Reference 2. ASSESSMENT METHODS Scope 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Description of monitoring methods 3.3 Network design and siting criteria 3.4 Other assessment techniques: air quality modelling 3.5 Data quality objectives 3.6 Random or continuous measurements 3.7 Information on air quality to the public 3.8 Upper and lower assessment thresholds 3.9 Summary 3.10 References 2 4 ECONOMIC ANALYSIS 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Results of economic analysis 4.3 Discussion 5 DISCUSSION AND FINAL RECOMMENDATIONS 5.1 Summary of Chapters 1-4 5.2 Considerations to be taken into account in setting limit values for benzene 5.3 Options for consideration 5.4 Reviewing limit values 3 COMMISSION OF EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES Council Directive on Ambient Air Quality Assessment and Management...
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