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Handbook for Referencing

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DEPARTMENT of LANGUAGE & COMMUNICATION
THE BUSINESS SCHOOL

HANDBOOK FOR REFERENCING

1. THE IMPORTANCE OF REFERENCING

There are three main reasons why accurate referencing is important:

* it provides relevant background information, illustrations of ideas or theories, or evidence for an argument that you are making in your essay or report. Your ideas need to be based on prior reading, and referencing is a way of showing that you have done this and are familiar with the field. * it enables readers to find any source of information mentioned in the text, if they want to follow up on a point or examine a theory more closely. In other words, if you refer to someone's work in an essay or report, you have to give enough information to allow readers to find it for themselves, if they find it interesting or relevant. * it gives due credit to the person(s) from whom you acquired the information. Using those ideas and/or words as if they were your own, or without acknowledging where they came from, is equivalent to 'stealing' someone else's ideas and counts as an academic offence in Britain known as plagiarism.

2. FORMATTING STYLES: HARVARD REFERENCING

There are many different formatting styles for referencing, and each journal uses a specific style. So in that sense, there is no single, correct way in which to format your references. Nevertheless, it is inappropriate to mix styles (like it is inappropriate to mix using English and American spelling in a single paper), and it is best to get used to using a specific style. One of the most well known styles is known as Harvard referencing. This is the style used at this university, and is the one you are therefore expected to use in any written work here.

To reference accurately, you need

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