...HAND TEST DR. EDWARD E. WAGNER HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT • The first scientific attempts in relating the hand to personality developed out of the study of the body types (asthenic/thin; atheletic/ muscular; pyknic/ stocky) by Ernst Kretschmer in 1931. o BODY TYPES--- TRAITS( PSYCHOPATHOLOGIES ▪ PYKNIC: friendly ( depressive ▪ ASTHENIC: timid, introverted ( schizophrenic • Charlotte Wolff (1943) studied certain characteristics of the hand and handedness and derived a practical method of the hand interpretation based on the studied characteristic. o The Hand in Psychological Diagnosis (1951) considers the significance of endocrinological dysfunction, its psychological effects and chirological manifestations & outlines how and why the hand reflects temperament and personality. • The first empirical research was a report by Carmichael, Roberts and Wessell (1937) which showed that , to some degree, emotions can be encoded in and decoded from dynamic body movements, gait, and manual gestures. • The Hand Test was originated by E. Wagner in 1958 and was primarily used to differentiate normal from schizophrenic. • In 1962, Bricklin Protowski and Wagner published a monograph with an initial rationale and scoring for the Hand Test. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK • Hand Test was developed to meet the general criteria for a projective test and also to be easily classified for empirical examination ...
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...It might be chilly outside, but this snowy snap of a penguin couple holding hands is enough to melt even the coldest of hearts. The perfect pair enjoyed a romantic clinch, opting for a moment of solitude while dozens of other penguins gathered nearby. In fact, as one interloper approached the penguins, who looked almost like humans holding hands, appeared to give the freezing cold shoulder - and he continued trudging by. The heart-warming display of affection took place in Port Lockroy, a natural harbour in the Antarctic Peninsula. It was captured on camera by professional photographer Silviu Ghetie. What's going on here then? Oh, not you two again Get over yourselves! 'What are you two up to? Oh, holding hands again': Lonely heart approaches the couple and seeing they are only interested in themselves, moves switfly on The pair stand hand in hand appearing to stare out at the dramatic vista of the frozen Antarctic landscape. Their heads tilted slightly toward one-and-other, they look as if they are feeling the quiet drama that love brings to inner life. Then, still holding each other, they wander down to the icy waters and the rest of their friends. Photographer Mr Ghetie, 43, from Baia Mare in Romania, usually takes pictures of people but he couldn't resist snapping this magic moment while on a polar expedition. More... Nature plays games on top of the world: Rare white 'rainbow' spotted in land of midnight sun To growl or not to growl...
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...In Her Hands Every choice that is made determines whether an outcome will be beneficial or devastating. Painter Marek Okon captures the viewer of his nostalgic matte painting Rain at the first glimpse of his painting. This powerful portrait impulsively portrays amazing detail with the use of Okon’s painting skills in order to get the vivid meaning across to the viewer. The images theme is that people must defend their beliefs. The young girl standing in the pouring rain as it beats down upon her symbolizes the tears pouring out of her dark concerned eyes of injustice. Rain is familiar with symbolizing sorrow, Okon does just that with the girl’s distraught tears streaming down out of her eyes onto her pale cheeks as she keeps her eyes intensively focused on what is in front of her. The young girls scrunched up forehead reveals the anguished look in her eyes. The stricken expression that covers her entire face suggests she is defeated and resulting into her last option. Her desperate ambition to show that she has something worth fighting for. Robed in a yellow raincoat over a dark green long-sleeved sweater. Her dirty blonde hair under the hood of the raincoat getting soaked from the outpour of rain. As her dark green bulky satchel rests across her body illustrates that she plans on not going back to where she once came from. The girl lost in hopelessness tightly grasps her right hand around the body of a grenade. Her pointer finger steadily rests on top of the grenades lever...
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...rotation Entire digit from fingertip to distal metacarpal Lateral Finger Lateromedial (2-3) or Mediolateral (4-5)  Position of Part Rest hand on lateral (radial) surface for 2nd or 3rd digits, or on the medial (ulnar) surface for 4th or 5th digits Extend affected digit Close remaining digits into a fist; hold in flexion with thumb 2nd and 5th digits directly in contact with IR 3rd and 4th placed parallel with IR Adjust to a true lateral position Central Ray Perpendicular to PIP joint of affected digit Collimation 1” on all sides of the digit, including 1” proximal to the MCP joint  Evaluation Criteria Entire digit in lateral position No rotation PA Oblique - 2nd through 5th  Position of Part Hand pronated with palmar surface resting on IR Center IR to level of PIP joint Rotate hand externally until digits are separated on a 45* angle (or placed on a 45* wedge) Central Ray Perpendicular to PIP joint of affected digit Collimation 1” on all sides of digit including 1” proximal to MCP joint  Evaluation Criteria Entire digit rotated 45* Includes distal portion of metacarpal AP Thumb Projection 1st Digit Robert View  Position of Part Hand in extreme medial rotation Hold other extended digits back with tape or opposite hand Rest thumb on IR Adjust hand to ensure true AP projection 5th metacarpal back far enough to avoid superimposition Long axis of thumb parallel with long axis of IR Central...
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...harmful and infectious germs from entering your body. One of the main ways to stay away from germs and other harmful microscopic organisms is to wash your hands. Although it seems useless, our hands play a significant role in the transportation of germs from one place to another because of the amount we use our hands. Simple things like washing your hands before and after eating, when using the restroom or whenever your hands look or feel dirty, will give a better chance of staying away from sickness. Spreading awareness about the importance of washing your hands is key, and the focus should be on children. To spread awareness about proper hand washing, I went to Calvary Chapel School to interact with the children in kindergarten. I started off the presentation with a short story about a boy and girl who were playing with some toys. The toys had germs on them and after playing with the toys; the boy and the girl went to go eat lunch. The girl remembered to wash her hands before eating, but the boy, however, forgot. After a couple days, the girl was fine but the boy had a cough and other cold symptoms. The next time the girl and the boy were playing with toys, after they both washed there hands, and they both didn’t get sick. After giving the short story, I passed out a flyer with information regarding washing your hands and germs to all the kids in the class. Then I proceeded to briefly describe to the children about germs and what they actually are. With all the information...
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...Clean Hands save Lives Anna Tutunzhiu 6/5/16 Grant Canyon University Concepts in Community and Public Health NRS – 427V Clean Hands Save Lives Clean hands play a major role in disease prevention and health maintenance. Researchers in London estimated that if everyone religiously practices washing their hands, one million of deaths can be prevented every year (CDC, 2013). Washing our hands appropriately before handling food helps to prevent food borne disease outbreaks and illnesses. History states that hand washing for the first time was introduced by Hungarian obstetrician Ignaz P. Semmelweiss in 1847. He demonstrated that hand washing tremendously decreased the infection number in newborns and he tried to introduce this practice to his colleagues, but they got so “offended that they committed him to an insane asylum” (B4 Brands, 2014, p.1). Fortunately, these days, health care representatives can freely increase people’s awareness and encourage individuals to promote healthy behaviors for all ages. Therefore, everyone is entitled to promote their health by practicing proper hand hygiene. According to statistics, 80% of communicable diseases are spread by touching food, and then the mouth, eyes or nose since contaminated hands spread foodborne illnesses: Salmonella, E-Coli, Staph and diarrheal infection (B4 Brands, 2014). The Virginia Department of Health...
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...beginning of the chapter "On Washing Hands", Dr. Gawande stated that the spread of hospital-acquired infections could be stopped if the medical staffs wash their hands frequently between each patient visits. The infections are carried through the doctors and staff members and then transferred to the next patients by "having shaken hands with a sniffling patient…most of [the staff] do little more than wipe [their] hands on [their] white coats and move on--to see the next patient" (Gawande 15). The various contagions that the staff encounter is known to cause deadly infections and about ninety thousand patients die from these infections during their stay in the hospital. Gawande listed several case studies of early physicians who noticed the difference when staff did or did not take care of their hygiene before a procedure and concluded that doctors themselves are carrying the disease between patients. The simple act of washing hand is difficult for the staff not because of medical staff ignorance but rather medical staff non-compliance. The staff does have knowledge of what do—in this case, washing hands- but rather not have the knowledge of how to apply washing their hands correctly, which Gawande called being non-compliance. Hospitals have infection-control units that work "to stop the spread of infection in the hospital" (Gawande 13). Gawande mentions the different techniques the infection-control unit has tried in order to make washing hands more convenient for the fast-paced...
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...Appendix A Table 1: Hand Hygiene – Comparison of Guidelines |Source |When to Perform Hand Hygiene |Selection Of Agent |Technique |Other Relevant Aspects Of Hand Hygiene| |John Muir - Hand Hygiene Policy (2009) |Hands are visibly soiled |Soap and water are to be used|When washing with soap and water: |Healthcare workers to keep nails short| | |Prior to contact with pt diagnosed |to perform hand hygiene if |Stand close to sink, wet hands with water, |and clean | | |with C. Diff or viral |hands are visibly soiled |keep hands lower than elbow, apply soap and |The use of gloves does not mean that | | |gastroenteritis |Use alcohol based hand |lather thoroughly and wash hands. |you do not have to wash your hands | | |Before eating , after using |sanitizer is recommended when|Washing hands should take no less than 15 |Patients should also be given the | | |restroom, after wiping nose |a sink is not accessible or |seconds |chance to wash their hands before and | | ...
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...(2005) 60, 218–225 www.elsevierhealth.com/journals/jhin Hand hygiene posters: motivators or mixed messages? E.A. Jennera,*, F. Jonesb, B.(C). Fletcherc, L. Millerd, G.M. Scotte a School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hatfield, Herts AL10 9AB, UK School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK c Department of Psychology, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hatfield, Herts AL10 9AB, UK d Institute for Employment Studies, University of Sussex, East Sussex BN1 9RF, UK e Department of Clinical Microbiology, University College London Hospitals, London WC1E 6DB, UK b Received 19 January 2004; accepted 15 December 2004 Available online 17 March 2005 KEYWORDS Posters; Hand hygiene; Message framing; Fear appeals Summary Poster campaigns regarding hand hygiene are commonly used by infection control teams to improve practice, yet little is known of the extent to which they are based on established theory or research. This study reports on the content analysis of hand hygiene posters (NZ69) and their messages (NZ75) using message-framing theory. The results showed that posters seldom drew on knowledge about effective ways to frame messages. Frequently, they simply conveyed information ‘telling’ rather than ‘selling’ and some of this was confusing. Most posters were not designed to motivate, and some conveyed mixed messages. Few used fear appeals. Hand hygiene posters could have a greater impact if principles of message...
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...Health in Your Hand: Seven Mudras for Amazing Health Benefits | | | | Mudras are very powerful. If you practice these mudras regularly you can see the wonderful health benefits. | Long before this much publicity came to yoga my grand father used to practice asanas, chakras and mudras in yoga. To my knowledge my grandfather has never gone to a doctor. He has neither diabetes nor blood pressure. He taught us the way to practice mudras. Mudras are very powerful. If you practice these mudras regularly you can see the wonderful health benefits. 1. Gyan Mudra (Mudra of Knowledge): Method:Touch the tip of the thumb to the tip of the index finger, with the other three fingers stretched out. Specialty:As it is a mudra of knowledge, it enhances the knowledge. The tip of thumb has centers of pituitary and endocrine glands. When we press these centers by index finger the two glands work actively. Time duration:There is no particular time duration for this mudra. You can practice by sitting, standing or lying on bed whenever and wherever you have time. Benefits:Increases memory power and sharpens the brain * Enhances concentration and prevents Insomnia * If we practice it regularly, it will cure all psychological disorders like Mental, Hysteria, Anger and Depression 2. Prithvi Mudra (Mudra of Earth): Method: Tip of the ring finger touches the tip of the thumb, with the other three fingers stretched out. Specialty: It reduces all physical weaknesses. Time Duration:...
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...Hand Hygiene Change Project Capstone NU296 September 18, 2013 Introduction The lack of hand washing and/or hand sanitizing is a leading cause of nosocomial infections in healthcare facilities not only here in Nevada, but across the United States. Hand washing is one of the biggest contributing factors in stopping the spread of infections throughout the healthcare environment. Nosocomial infections could be dramatically reduced by monitoring and enforcing hand washing and/or “gel in, gel out” policies of each facility. This could also lower the length of stay per patient, and greatly reduce the medical care cost per patient. Analyze the current situation and provide evidence based resources to support the need for change and your proposed plan. Include ethical, legal, or standards of care implications. Washing hands as promptly and thoroughly as possible between patient contact and after contact with blood, bodily fluids, secretions, excretions, and medical equiptment contaminated by patients is a huge element in infection control. Hand hygiene is recognized by infection prevention and control experts as the single most important intervention in decreasing the spread of infection in healthcare facilities. Unclean hands are the main transporters for germs between people and inanimate objects (i.e. blood pressure cuffs, bed rails, call lights, etc…). It is imperative to practice...
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...simple procedure such as hand washing and show why it is an EBP protocol. Why Is Hand Washing So Important? Everyone in the world is responsible for good hand hygiene. As healthcare providers, it is important to teach our patience the importance of good hand hygiene to prevent spread of infection and or disease. By doing this, you are involving patients in their care and helping the greater cause of disease prevention. All healthcare facilities include hand hygiene protocols. Where I work, the hospital policy is that we wash our hands upon entering a patient’s room, put on gloves, remove gloves, wash hands upon leaving that patient’s room, then wash hand again upon entering the next patient’s room…and continue that routine with each patient. We were allowed to us hand sanitizer up to three times, in place of washing with soap and water, providing the patient is not on contact or any other special precautions. For the most part, most of do this, but I did not see everyone following this protocol, especially doctors. Most of the staff only use the sanitizer all of the time. The only time hand washing protocol seems to be followed fully is when I witness sterile procedures. This is a problem and causes increased occurrence of healthcare associated infections (HAIs), but it is difficult to ensure healthcare staff practice proper hand hygiene. From my previous work experiences, protocols were not in place and patients were not encouraged to wash their hands before and after meals...
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...suggests that the effectiveness of anti-bacterial hand washing agents is strongly influenced by hand washing techniques. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance and effectiveness of hand-washing by hospital employees, and to determine if this could be improved by means of an educational intervention. b) Summary of method Within the orthopedics department fifty-five staff members were requested to wash their hands as they commonly would. A poster scheme within the hospital which described effective hand washing routines was the only training subjects had received prior to this study. The performance of hand-washing was assessed by observing the missed areas on the hand of each individual subject under UV light. Once the subjects were aware of the missed areas they were then exposed to the proper six stage hand-washing technique in order to cover these areas. Seven days later the subjects were retested in the same manner to evaluate the effectiveness of this educational intervention. c) Outcome of investigation Results showed that the performance of hand-washing before the educational intervention was applied varied widely amongst the subjects, where the missed areas on the hand ranged from 0% to 34.7%. After the educational intervention was applied 49 out of the 53 subjects improved their overall performance. d) Future directions In order to reduce the spread of infection in future it is crucial that proper effective hand-washing for hospital staff is encouraged. As...
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...Some people like doing work by hand, others prefer using machines, which do you prefer? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answers Outline: 1. Working Efficiency: Easier and faster 2. More and more common, tendency to use technology As technology gradually penetrates the society, people started to use more and more machines instead of hands. In people’s daily life, machines are everywhere. People use computer or mobile to skim news or read books, and these machines have already applied to every family. When people work either in the office or at home, computer has become essential equipment. Still, some people prefer to work by hands since they think it will be more reliable and trustful. As a student, I prefer to do work by machines instead of hands especially when I am doing work for school. One vital beneficial of technology is it’s convenient and much easier and faster than human hands. Being a student at school, there is tons of work everyday. Each teacher will require work such as writing an essay or finishing some study guide. I have been using computer for several years, and my typing speed is much faster than when I doing the same thing by hands. Writing by hands turns to be some tougher work to me since I have use computer instead of hands for a long time and I definitely know which way is easier. For example, I had two study guides last semester for world history and biology. There were abundant of knowledge needing to memorize for both...
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...Hand Washing Lesson Plan Kindergarten Objectives ? By learning and practicing proper hand washing skills, children will understand that being clean is very important to good health. ? Children will pledge to be in charge of their own health. Lesson Time Frame Approximately 30 minutes. General Information ? ? ? ? Germs are everywhere Germs are so small that you cannot see them Germs can make you sick You can get rid of germs by washing your hands When To Wash Your Hands ? ? ? ? ? After going to the bathroom After coughing, sneezing or blowing your nose After feeding or playing with animals After playing outside Before eating or touching food or drinks How To Wash Your Hands ? Use soap and warm, running water ? Make bubbles by rubbing your hands together ? Scrub your hands and under your fingernails for 20 seconds (sing the “Happy Birthday” song two times) ? Rinse your hands with running water ? Always use a clean towel to dry your hands ? If you use a paper towel, throw it away in the trash Learning Activity “Germ Prints” Use a spray bottle filled with clean water. Spray water on children’s hands. Explain that the water on their hands represents germs that come out of their mouths when they cough or sneeze. Now have the children touc h an object (table or chair). Ask them what happened to the object they touched (it became wet). Explain that this is what happens when we sneeze into our hands and then touch an object...
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