...the group of up-and coming leaders is Hu Jintao, who joined the Communist Party’s most senior body, the seven-man politburo Standing Committee, at the age of 49 in 1992. These new leaders are united in their commitment to ensuring the primacy of the Communist Party and to implementing market-oriented economic reform. Trained as engineers (or, in one case, a geologist), they had reputations as good managers and operated primarily as party bureaucrats. The up-and-comer who has risen highest is Hu, now 55 years old. He was appointed vice-president of the People Republic of China in March. He may take over as party general secretary when Jiang Zemin completes his second term in that position in 2002. He was trained in hydroelectric engineering at the prestigious Qinghua University, and rose to national prominence through the ranks of the Communist Youth League (Lawrence, 1998, p. 570). The brightest of the five young leaders is Li Changchun, 54, the party boss of wealthy Guangdong, the province that borders Hong Kong. Li, an electrical engineer, spent most of his first five decades in the northeastern province of Liaoning, climbing the local Communist Party ladder. He served as mayor and then party chief of Liaoning’s capital, and later as governor and deputy party chief of the province. Li was tasked with bringing Guangdong back under the control of Beijing. Li is shaking things up at all levels of Guangdong government, but it is too early to tell if he will be...
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...BRAND MANAGEMENT THE REFLECTIONS OF COUNTRY-OF-ORIGIN EFFECT ON CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR ABSTRACT The purpose of this paper is to reflect ‘country-of-origin effect’ (COO) on consumers’ brand perceptions and their behavioral intensions. It has been proved that the country of origin of a product was one of the two or three most important attributes in preference evaluation. A comprehensive review of the literature regarding the effect of country of origin on consumer perceptions of products and services, COO in France and France Cosmetics Industry have also been handled. In this study, it has been indicated that customer perceptions differ significantly on the basis of product/service and country of origin. The country of origin may be an important element in the perceptions of consumers about the products and services especially where little other information is known. However, the question of how much influence the country of origin provides in product and service evaluations remains unclear. Keywords: Country of origin, cultural values, brand, consumer perceptions. 1 SECTION 1-COUNTRY OF ORIGIN EFFECT Impact of Country of Origin on International Marketing The impact of country of origin (COO) on the consumer's perception of products has been one of the most widely studied areas of international marketing. (Samiee, 1994; Peterson and Jolibert, 1995, Leonidou et al, 1999). Increasing globalization of today's business environment has also renewed the interest in...
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...Economics for Everyone: Going Global–FDI Fables–FDI in Multibrand Retail......................................................... 2 Special report - Business in India: Inbound and outbound deals: Their oyste ....................................................... 12 Growing confidence dented by politicians .............................................................................................................. 16 BEST CROSS - BORDER M&A DEAL .................................................................................................................. 18 The Literature on Chinese Outward FDI ................................................................................................................ 19 Page 1 of 36 © 2012 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. Economics for Everyone: Going Global–FDI Fables–FDI in Multibrand Retail Economics for Everyone: Going Global–FDI Fables–FDI in Multibrand Retail India Infoline News Service 5,801 words 2 May 2012 Indiainfoline News Service INFOIN English Copyright © 2012. Indiainfoline Ltd. FDI- Foreign Direct Investment Context: NEWS FDI in multi-brand retail to go ahead,TNN (TIMES OF INDIA) Govt says committed to multi-brand retail FDI FE BUREAU Aviation FDI: Cautious, Centre set to take allies on board, BUSINESS STANDARD India has been ranked at the third place in global foreign direct investments in 2009 and will continue to remain among the top five attractive destinations for international investors during 2010-11, according...
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...At Palamon we are passionate about the companies we partner. Louis G. Elson Managing Partner Fabio Massimo Giuseppetti Jonathan Heathcote Holger Kleingarn Daan A. Knottenbelt Daniel Mytnik Partners Valerio Boccardi Jean Bonnavion Julian Carreras Ricardo Caupers Owen Wilson Principals Michael Beetz Pascal J. Noth Olivia Roberts Associate Principals Anthony Luzzatto Gardner Managing Director of Structured Finance Annette E. Wilson Managing Director of Investor Relations & Marketing Gary Pritchard Chief Financial Officer Board of Advisors A. Michael Hoffman Chairman Peter Currie Prof Robert M. Johnson Dr Hans-Joachim Körber Joaquin Moya-Angeler Simon M. Olswang Lorenzo Pellicioli Harland A. Riker, Jr. Ron Sandler CBE Stanley S. Shuman Dr Tom Sommerlatte Geoff Unwin Dr Richard Wolman Economic Advisor Lord Eatwell of Stratton St. Margaret Contents Introduction Philosophy Palamon Style Investment Process A European Perspective Types of Investment Portfolio Composition Indicative Investments The Team Board of Advisors Economic Advisor 1 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 26 40 45 Palamon Capital Partners Introduction Palamon Capital Partners is a private equity partnership. We invest throughout Europe in service-orientated businesses with high growth potential. With €1.1 billion of funds under management, we are backed by some of the biggest investment institutions in the world. We back like-minded entrepreneurs with whom we share a vision to create sector-leading, high-value...
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...ABOUT MAS HOLDINGS Strategic Partnerships Partnering up with renowned brands from across the globe has enabled us to offer fully-integrated world class solutions to our clientele. Our alliances are based on mutual understanding and trust, sharing the same principles in business ethics with our partners, an attribute that has proven to be a strong competitive advantage for MAS over the years. Our joint venture partners include: | MAST Industries, Inc., USA | | Triumph International Overseas Limited, HK | | Speedo International Limited, UK | | Stretchline (UK) Limited, UK | | Ets Lucien Noyon Et Cie, France | | Prym Intimates Group Ltd, HK | | Brandot International Limited, USA | | Labyrinth Solutions Holdings, USA | | Tradecard, Inc., USA | | NSL Infratech (Private) Limited, India | MAS Intimates Offering customers highly differentiated intimate wear, flawless designs blended with exquisite quality, this is where perfection is revealed in every intricate detail. Drawing from 25 years of experience in lingerie manufacturing, MAS Intimates offer niche market intimate wear of unparalleled quality. With 12 world class manufacturing facilities in operation across Sri Lanka, India, Bangladesh & Indonesia, together with design offices situated in New York, Hong Kong, UK and Colombo, we service some of the most renowned global intimate brands. Sharing a long standing strategic partnership with...
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...Computer network From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia "Computer networks" redirects here. For the periodical, see Computer Networks (journal). "Datacom" redirects here. For other uses, see Datacom (disambiguation). Network science Theory · History Graph · Complex network · Contagion Small-world · Scale-free · Community structure · Percolation · Evolution · Controllability · Topology · Graph drawing · Social capital · Link analysis · Optimization Reciprocity · Closure · Homophily Transitivity · Preferential attachment Balance · Network effect · Influence Types of Networks Information · Telecommunication Social · Biological · Neural · Semantic Random · Dependency · Flow Graphs Vertex · Edge · Component Directed · Multigraph · Bipartite Weighted · Hypergraph · Random Cycle · Loop · Path Neighborhood · Clique · Complete · Cut Data structure · Adjacency list & matrix Incidence list & matrix Metrics and Algorithms Centrality · Degree · Betweenness Closeness · PageRank · Motif Clustering · Degree distribution · Assortativity · Distance · Modularity Models Random · Erdős–Rényi Barabási–Albert · Watts–Strogatz ERGM · Epidemic · Hierarchical Browse Topics · Software · Network scientists Graph theory · Network theory v t e A computer network, often simply referred to as a network, is a collection of hardware components and computers interconnected by communication channels that allow sharing of resources...
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...This report is to be submitted as "2008 Korea Pharmaceutical Industry Directory" as part of the "Actual analysis of Korean pharmaceutical Industry", Korea Health Industry Development Institute(KHIDI)'s own project. December 2008 ￭ ￭ ￭ • ⅰ Chapter 1. Outline of The Project 1. Objectives and Background of Investigation ◦The existing directory book has indicated limitations in promoting Korean pharmaceutical industry internationally or domestically, failing to offer practical help. ◦For this reason, this investigation is to have a thorough grasp of ranges of business and current status of investments and technology by pharmaceutical and companies to utilize and in to strengthen their industrial by competitiveness promoting them overseas collecting and offering basic data needed for promoting transfer of technology with home and abroad institutions. ◦Also, necessity for systematic and detailed data of industrial current status that can be utilized by companies who are making commitment for the development of pharmaceutical industry. 2. Targets and Contents of Directory Book 1) Targets for directory book •Korean Pharmaceutical companies: 81 companies. 2) Contents of directory book •Investigation items 3. Method and Way for Utilization 1) Method □ Ways to select investigation targets and to promote them were developed through consultation from consultation committees and domestic pharmaceutical companies (including unlisted ones) ◦Investigated...
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...From APIs to Affordances: A New Paradigm for Web Services Mike Amundsen mca@mamund.com amundsen.com, inc. ABSTRACT The ecosystem of services on the Web continues to grow and evolve while, at the same time, the number and diversity of connected devices increases; challenges lie ahead for both providers and consumers of Web services. This paper is presented as a ‘what-if’ proposal; an alternate paradigm for dealing with an increasingly heterogeneous network. Drawing from diverse sources including physical architecture, industrial design, the psychology of perception, and cross-cultural mono-myth, a new implementation paradigm is proposed to help software architects and developers meet these challenges; one that invites participants to shift their mental model from that of programming network devices to programming the network to which those devices are connected. To accomplish this goal an “affordance-rich message” is proposed; one that is based on shared understanding through network-oriented affordances instead of device-oriented APIs. A working model based on this approach is offered, examples given, and areas of related work identified. Figure 1: From Ericsson : 50b devices by 2020 Keywords HTTP, WWW, hypermedia, networks, SOA, REST, distributed computing, web services, usability, evolvability 1. BACKGROUND In the last several years, the landscape of the Internet has changed noticeably. There are many more connected devices, more connected applications, and thousands...
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...E-procurement: Government, Private and Commercial Abstract With the rapid and emerging growth of technology, coupled with globalization and competitive market place, most businesses are re-modifying the way they transact business. Few decades ago a lot of companies went through their daily business manually. The use of manual procurement invoice, ordering, payments, catalogues, and requisitions was the order of the day. Times have changed and improved technology has changed the way businesses function. Many businesses have turned to electronic procurement (e-procurement) in the purchasing and supply of goods and services. In as much as there are many advantages ranging from cost saving, time saving and effectiveness, e-procurement also has it disadvantages; high cost of implementation and lack of readiness. More importantly a lot of businesses are not only concerned about cost saving advantage of e-procurement but also achieving high level of customer satisfaction through CRM. Electronic data interchange (EDI) enables the transfer and sharing of data and other forms of information electronically. This research paper will analyze the need for e-procurement, the IT tools and system involved, the advantages and disadvantages of e-procurement, factors inhibiting and supporting e-procurement. Questions such as: will e-procurement add value to my business? does it worth investing in? What IT tools, system and software...
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...TB0243 Michael Greto Andreas Schotter Mary Teagarden Toyota: The Accelerator Crisis The root cause of their problems is that the company was hijacked, some years ago, by anti-family, financially oriented pirates. Jim Press, former President & Chief Operating Officer (COO) Toyota Motor Sales, U.S.A., Inc. On February 24, 2010, Akio Toyoda, the grandson of Toyota Motor Corporation’s founder, Kiichiro Toyoda, endured a grueling question-and-answer session before the U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Oversight and Government Reform. The committee represented just one of three Congressional panels investigating the 2009-2010 recall of Toyota vehicles related to problems of sudden acceleration and the company’s delay in responding to the crisis. Signs of the coming recall crisis began as early as 2006 when the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) opened an investigation into driver reports of “surging” in Toyota’s Camry models. The NHTSA investigation was closed the next year, citing no defects. Over the next four years, Toyota, known in the industry for its quality and reliability, would quietly recall nearly nine million Toyota and Lexus models due to sudden acceleration problems. Toyota’s leadership, widely criticized for its slow response in addressing the problems, now had to move quickly to identify a solution that would ensure the safety of its vehicles, restore consumer confidence, protect the valuable Toyota brand, and recoup a plummeting...
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...TB0243 Michael Greto Andreas Schotter Mary Teagarden Toyota: The Accelerator Crisis The root cause of their problems is that the company was hijacked, some years ago, by anti-family, financially oriented pirates. Jim Press, former President & Chief Operating Officer (COO) Toyota Motor Sales, U.S.A., Inc. On February 24, 2010, Akio Toyoda, the grandson of Toyota Motor Corporation’s founder, Kiichiro Toyoda, endured a grueling question-and-answer session before the U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Oversight and Government Reform. The committee represented just one of three Congressional panels investigating the 2009-2010 recall of Toyota vehicles related to problems of sudden acceleration and the company’s delay in responding to the crisis. Signs of the coming recall crisis began as early as 2006 when the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) opened an investigation into driver reports of “surging” in Toyota’s Camry models. The NHTSA investigation was closed the next year, citing no defects. Over the next four years, Toyota, known in the industry for its quality and reliability, would quietly recall nearly nine million Toyota and Lexus models due to sudden acceleration problems. Toyota’s leadership, widely criticized for its slow response in addressing the problems, now had to move quickly to identify a solution that would ensure the safety of its vehicles, restore consumer confidence, protect the valuable Toyota brand, and recoup a plummeting...
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...TB0243 Michael Greto Andreas Schotter Mary Teagarden Toyota: The Accelerator Crisis The root cause of their problems is that the company was hijacked, some years ago, by anti-family, financially oriented pirates. Jim Press, former President & Chief Operating Officer (COO) Toyota Motor Sales, U.S.A., Inc. On February 24, 2010, Akio Toyoda, the grandson of Toyota Motor Corporation’s founder, Kiichiro Toyoda, endured a grueling question-and-answer session before the U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Oversight and Government Reform. The committee represented just one of three Congressional panels investigating the 2009-2010 recall of Toyota vehicles related to problems of sudden acceleration and the company’s delay in responding to the crisis. Signs of the coming recall crisis began as early as 2006 when the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) opened an investigation into driver reports of “surging” in Toyota’s Camry models. The NHTSA investigation was closed the next year, citing no defects. Over the next four years, Toyota, known in the industry for its quality and reliability, would quietly recall nearly nine million Toyota and Lexus models due to sudden acceleration problems. Toyota’s leadership, widely criticized for its slow response in addressing the problems, now had to move quickly to identify a solution that would ensure the safety of its vehicles, restore consumer confidence, protect the valuable Toyota brand, and recoup a plummeting...
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...Electron Commerce Res (2006) 6: 57–73 DOI: 10.1007/s10660-006-5988-7 Community based innovation: How to integrate members of virtual communities into new product development Johann Fuller · Michael Bartl · Holger Ernst · ¨ Hans Muhlbacher ¨ C Springer Science + Business Media, LLC 2006 Abstract Online consumer groups represent a large pool of product know-how. Hence, they seem to be a promising source of innovation. At present, except for open source software, little is known about how to utilize this know-how for new product development. In this article we explore if and how members of virtual communities can be integrated into new product development. We explain how to identify and access online communities and how to interact with its members in order to get valuable input for new product development. This approach we term “Community Based Innovation.” The Audi case illustrates the applicability of the method and underscores the innovative capability of consumers encountered in virtual communities. Keywords Online communities . User innovations . New product development . Virtual customer integration Customers’ wants and their acquired knowledge through the actual use of products make them an essential external resource for new product development (NPD) [12, 13, 37, 47, 65, 57, 71]. Some customers are not only knowledgeable but also able to develop their own new products [22, 50, 58, 67, 69]. Such innovative customers can be found in online communities J. F¨ ller...
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...1.0 Executive Summary This report aims to analyze and evaluate the international joint ventures conducted by one of the world best low cost airlines, Air Asia, through their operation years. In particular, Air Asia Indonesia, Thailand, Expedia and Air Asia Japan are being chosen to probe into This research put priority on the factors that turn Air Asia Indonesia, Expedia and Air Asia Thailand into a success throughout their operational year. The Successful International Joint Ventures of Air Asia have gained themselves the benefits from acquainting the right market orientations, in which they have secured a great amount of customers respectively. This leads Air Asia Indonesia and Air Asia Expedia to gain a massive profit and become the dominant airline being in their respective nations. Besides, the commitment is also one of the main contributing factors to the success of Air Asia IJV as well as Economy conditions of host countries had been a major factor to success in IJV. In depth analysis of local GDP of Thailand had granted Thai Air Asia to achieve their business objectives. Throughout the research, it shows that Air Asia Expedia and Thai Air Asia and Indonesia Air Asia have spared no efforts in order to succeed in the aviation industry. Conversely, this research also identified a failed IJV in Air Asia operation with Japan. The main reason behind this failed IJV was usage difficulties found in online booking website of Air Asia. These factors have led to Air Asia Japan...
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...Foreign Subsidiary Investment Plan Case: Multinational Capital Budgeting China & Australia Hypothetical Incorporated MBA AF 626 Fall 2011 International Financial Management Professor XX XX XX XX XX Table of Contents PART I – Analysis: Australia vs. China A. Country Analysis 1. Economic Environment 3 2. Social Environment 10 3. Political Environment 12 B. Industry Analysis 1. Aluminum Industry in Australia 17 2. Airline Industry in China 18 PART II-Capital Budget Analysis 1. Weighted Average Cost of Capital 19 2. Net Present Value 20 3. Scenario Analysis 21 PART III – Conclusion: Investment Decision 23 References 24 Appendixes 26 PART I – Analysis: Australia vs. China A. Country Analysis I. Economic Environment Australia Australia is a market oriented financial system which includes the world’s 13th largest economy and the 9th highest per capita Gross Domestic Product (GDP), with almost two consecutive decades of growth and the unemployment rate falling to a generational low. As a result of nearly three decades of structural and policy reforms, Australian’s economy has proven to be a competitive player in the increasingly integrated global markets. In terms of country risk, Australia’s favorable attitude towards private enterprise and its well-protected property...
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