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Happy Birhday

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Submitted By mariachristensen
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Forsøg 1og 2 – fremstilling af vin
Formålet med forsøget:
Formålet med forsøget er, at fremstille ethanol (alkohol). Det gør vi ved brug af vand (H2O), glucose (C6H12O6) og gær. Efterfølgende vil vi bestemme alkoholprocenten i den fremstillede ethanol.
Forsøg 3 – gæring og temperaturer
Formålet med forsøget:
Formålet med forsøget er, at finde ud af ved hvilken temperatur gærcellerne er mest aktive.

Forsøgets teori:
Formålet med vores forsøg, er at danne ethanol (alkohol). Denne gæringsproces, kan beskrives med et reaktionsskema: C12H22O11+H2O →C2H5OH + CO2 (Alkohol/ethanol, Kuldioxid/Carbondxid)
Når gærceller kommer i forbindelse med sukker, begynder de at spise sukkeret og forbrænder det. Gærceller er levende og har brug for energi til at leve og formere sig. Men gærcellerne kan ikke bare blive ved med at spise løs. Alkohol er en gift, og derfor dør gærcellerne i deres eget affald, når alkoholprocenten kommer op mellem 10 og 12 %.
Når der kommer ilt til gærcellerne, begynde de at forbrænde sukkeret ved respiration. Men når gærcellerne ikke får ilt, vil de omdanne glukosen til CO2 (kuldioxid) og ethanol (alkohol).

I det daglige, bruger vi gær og sukker, i brød og kager. Det er kultveilten, der får brødet til at hæve.
Bage gær virker bedst ved omkring 27° C, Kommer temperaturen op over 35 °C dør cellerne. Det er bedst at smuler gæren inden man kommer det ned i vandet, på den måde kommer det bedre i kontakt med væsken.

Hvad er forskellen på ensvarme og vekselvarme dyr?
Pattedyr er ensvarme dyr, hvilket betyder, at de skal holde en konstant kropstemperatur. Derfor er en effektiv isolering af kroppen den vigtigste beskyttelse mod kulden. Mange af de typiske arktiske landpattedyr som isbjørn, rensdyr, polarræv, moskusokse og ulv har også en meget speciel og veltilpasset pels. Anderledes er det hos de vekselvarme dyr, som f.eks. fisk og insekter. De kan ikke selv producere varme og har samme kropstemperatur som det omgivende miljø, så isolering er ikke til megen hjælp. De har derfor tilpasninger, der gør dem i stand til at overleve temperaturer under frysepunktet.

Materialer til fremstilling af ethanol (forsøg 1): * 250 mL konisk kolbe * Gærrør med prop * Vægt * 100 mL målekolbe * Bunselbrænder * Trefod * Trådnet * Termometer * Bage gær * Sukker * Vand
Materiale til fremstilling af standardkurve (forsøg 2): * Burette * Stativ * Målekolbe * Konisk kolbe * Ethanol (alkohol) * Vand
Materialer til gæring og temperaturer (forsøg 3): * Kar med vand * Konisk kolbe * Termometer * Elkedel * Gærrør (uden prop) * Bage gær * Sukker * vand
Fremgangsmåde for fremstilling af ethanol (forsøg 1):
Du starter med at hælde 150 mL almindelig vand (H2O), i en 250 mL konisk kolbe. Derefter vejer du den mængde glucose (sukker), du har fået tildelt. I vores tilfælde 16g. Opløs det i vandet. Hæld opløsningen i et måleglas og bestem rumfanget. Skriv resultatet i skemaet under Vopløsning,1/mL
Opløsningen hældes tilbage i kolben som opvarmes over bunselbrænder til temperaturen er ca. 40°C. ”Opløs” ca. 5g gær i vandet, vej kolbe med indhold (uden gærrør) og skriv resultatet i skemaet (mkolbe,1). Kolben forsynes med gærrør, med lidt vand og skal nu stå nogle dage til gæringen standser.
Nogle dage senere…
Pas på ikke at ryste med kolben så ”vinen” bliver grumset! Vej kolben uden gærrør (mkolbe,2).Vej en tom 100mL målekolbe og skriv resultatet ned. Hæld 100mL af ”vinen” (uden gær) over i målekolben (fyldes lige til målestregen) og vej kolbe med indhold. (se billeder på forsiden)

Fremgangsmåde for fremstilling af standardkurve (forsøg 2): Vi vil nu lave en standardkurve for at kunne bestemme alkoholprocenten i den fremstillede vin. Spænd en burette op i et stativ, og fyld ethanol (alkohol) op i buretten som nulstilles. Brug herefter samme målekolbe som tidligere (hæld vinen tilbage i den koniske kolbe) og bland vand og ethanol fra buretten i forhold som angivet i skemaet. Fyld først ethanol i målekolben som angivet i skemaet og fyld vand op til målestregen. Vend kolben et par gange med prop, og efterfyld eventuelt med lidt vand fra en sprøjteflaske. Vej kolben, skriv resultatet i skemaet og smid blandingen væk. Fortsæt med de øvrige 5 opløsninger.
Til sidst rystes kolben med vin så en del af det opløste kuldioxid bobler af. Vej atter kolben og skriv resultatet i skemaet (mkolbe,2) hvis massen har ændret sig. Hæld vinen i et måleglas og bestem rumfanget (Vopløsning,2).

Fremgangsmåde for gæring og temperaturer (forsøg 3):
Du starter med at hælde 150mL vand, sukker og gær, i en konisk kolbe. Sæt prop og gærrør med lidt vand i, på. Derefter skal du vælge en temperatur: 20, 30, 40, 50 eller 60 grader. I vores tilfælde, 40 grader. Fyld derefter et kar, med det 40 grader varm og stil den koniske kolbe ned i det. Vent 3 min, og begynd derefter at tælle antallet af bobler der kommer igennem gærrøret. Der tælles i 20 min.
Resultater (forsøg 1):
Masse af tom kolbe: __57,19g (56,9g)__
Masse af kolbe med indhold: _____156,1g____
Masse af 100mL ”vin” _____98,91g____

| Hold 1 | Hold 2 | Hold 3 | Hold 4 | Hold 5 | Hold 6 | Hold 7 | Hold 8 | Hold 9 | mglucose/g | 4 | 6 | 8 | 12 | 16 | 20 | 24 | 28 | 32 | Vopløsning,1/mL | 150 ml | 154 ml | 160 ml | | 160 ml | | | | 155ml | Vopløsning,2/mL | 157 ml | 10 ml | | | 162 ml | | | | | mkolbe,1/g | 269,3g | 269,8g | 271,8g | 265,46g | 280,44g | | | | 290,9g | mkolbe,2/g | 267,2g | 266,8g | 280,51g | 254,6g | 272,97g | | | | 275,1g | Δmkolbe/g | 2,1g | 3g | 10,86g | 10,86g | 7,47g | | | | 15,8g | mkuldioxid/g | 2,1g | 3g | 10,86g | 10,86g | 7,47g | | | | 15,8 | volume | 2,20 | 3,3 | 4,2 | *39,15 | *1,26 | | | | 5,18 | Resultater (forsøg 2): Ethanol (mL) | 0 | 3 | 6 | 9 | 12 | 15 | Volumen-% | 0% | 3% | 6% | 9% | 12% | 15% | Masse af kolbe og opl(g) | 156,07 g | 155,47 | 155,17 | 154,77 | 154,26 | 154,00 | Masse af opløsning(g) | 156,07g-56,9 = 99,17g | 98,57 | 98,27 | 97,87 | 97,36 | 97,10 |

Jo mindre den vejer, des mere alkohol er der blevet fremstillet, fordi alkohol har en lavere densitet en vand.
Resultater (forsøg 3):
Vi har valgt 40 grader. Antal minutter | | | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | Antal bobler | | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 42 | 70 | 79 | 90 | 104 | 96 | 108 | 104 | 108 | 105 | 92 | 75 | 55 | 54 | 50 | 54 | 48 | Behandlede resultater (forsøg 1 og 2):

a) Lav en graf med ”masse af opløsning” (y-værdier) som funktion af ”volumenprocent” (x-værdier) b) Bestem forskriften ved lineær regression. (Se billedet)

c) Bestem ud fra forskriften alkoholprocenten i den fremstillede vin.
(y= ax+b) – Vi kender y, og sætter den ind i solve og for:

solve(98.91=−0.136952*x+99.0838,x) = x=1.2690577720661

Massen af 100 mL ”vin” har vi målt til 98,91. Så hvis man finder 98,91 på skemaet (vist med pilen der er vandret) og går ud til den sorte streg og derefter vender pilen nedad (vist med pilen de er lodret), kan du aflæse hvor mange procenter, der er i vores alkohol. I vores fremstillede ehtanol, er alkoholprocenten altså = 1,2 %. Som jeg også har aflæst på grafen.

Resultatet af alkohol procenten er lidt for lav, i forhold til vores målinger. Den burde ligge omkring de 7, da vores forskel på kolbe1 og kolbe2 er 7,47. Det skyldes at vores masse af opløsning, ikke starter ved 100, præcis.

Behandlede resultater (forsøg 3):
Vores bobler

0+0+0+42+70+79+90+104+96+ 108+104+108+105+92+75+55+54+50+54+48 = 1334 bobler
1334 bobler/20min = 66,7 bobler pr. minut.
Vi har talt boblerne i 20 min med vand, ved 40 grader og har i alt fået 1334 bobler. Det gennemsnitlige antal bobler er derfor 66,7 bobler pr. minut.
Vi kan se på grafen, at den på et tidspunkt falder meget (fra 104 til 96). Det skyldes, at vandets temperatur på det tidspunkt, var lavere end 40 grader.

Alles bobler Antal min | 20° | 20° | 30° | 35° | 40° | 40° | | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 3 | 0 | | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 5 | 0 | | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 6 | 0 | | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 42 | | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 6 | 70 | | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 10 | 79 | | 7 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 8 | 17 | 90 | | 8 | 1 | 0 | 29 | 14 | 19 | 104 | | 9 | 0 | 0 | 32 | 22 | 19 | 96 | | 10 | 1 | 1 | 35 | 26 | 21 | 108 | | 11 | 0 | 0 | 45 | 27 | 25 | 104 | | 12 | 2 | 1 | 48 | 29 | 29 | 108 | | 13 | 0 | 0 | 49 | 28 | 30 | 105 | | 14 | 1 | 1 | 54 | 30 | 31 | 92 | | 15 | 2 | 0 | 55 | 30 | 34 | 75 | | 16 | 2 | 1 | 62 | 29 | 37 | 55 | | 17 | 4 | 1 | 59 | 31 | 34 | 54 | | 18 | 5 | 1 | 72 | 29 | 35 | 50 | | 19 | 6 | 0 | 69 | 30 | 35 | 54 | | 20 | 6 | 1 | 69 | 30 | 37 | 48 | | Gennemsnit | 1,6 | 0,35 | 34,15 | 19,95 | 21,9 | 66,7 | |

Ved hvilken temperatur er gærcellerne mest aktive?

Vi kan se på skemaerne ovenover, at der er stor forskel på hvor mange bobler der er blevet talt. Samtidig kan vi se, at jo varmere temperaturen er, des flere bobler kommer der.
Ud fra vores forsøg, kan vi konkludere, at gærcellerne er mest aktive ved de 40 grader.

Ved hvilken temperatur er gærcellerne mest aktive?

Vi kan se på skemaerne ovenover, at der er stor forskel på hvor mange bobler der er blevet talt. Samtidig kan vi se, at jo varmere temperaturen er, des flere bobler kommer der.
Ud fra vores forsøg, kan vi konkludere, at gærcellerne er mest aktive ved de 40 grader.

Diskussion:
Klimaændringer kan få konsekvenser for dyrelivet i Højarktis, hvor dyrene har tilpasset sig til at temperaturen er under 5oC. Der er ca. 300 forskellige arter, med et varmere klima vil området blive mindre og det kan derved true arterne som kun findes i det område. Det kan også få konsekvenser for fødekæden. Klimaændringer kan også være positivt, det kan bl.a. betyde at der ændres nogle livsbetingelser og det kan medføre, at der vil komme nye arter til området. Et mildere klima vil også betyde, at flere dyr og især planter vil kunne overleve bedre. For de arter hvor havisen spiller en vigtig rolle kan det få store konsekvenser, hvis havisen forsvinder pga. det varmere klima. Det kan medføre at isbjørnen ikke længere kan finde et sted at opholde sine unger og havisen er et rigtig godt jagtområde, der skaffer dyrene(isbjørnen) føde til sig selv og sine unger.

Konklusion:
Vi kan ud fra gærcelle forsøget(biologi) konkludere, at temperaturen har en indflydelse på gærcellerenes aktivitet. I dette forsøg ser vi, at jo højere temperatur, jo mere aktive bliver gærcellerne, derved kan vi konkludere at gærceller er vekselvarme. De tilpasser sig til omgivelserne. Vi kan drage en sammenligning til Grønland, hvor vi tydeligt ser at dyrene har tilpasset sig til det kolde klima; ved at være udstyret med spæk- og fedt lag.
I gæring forsøget skal man nogenlunde kunne bestemme alkoholprocenten i gæringen, men i vores forsøg skulle vores alkoholprocent ligge omkring de 7, men den er dog meget lavere. Det kan skyldes fejlkilden som er, at vi ikke er startet ved præcist 100. Vi kan konkludere at man kan bestemme alkoholprocenten, men man skal dog være enormt præcis med sine målinger.

Litteraturliste:
Kap_6 livsbetingelser i Arktis. pdf
Arktiske økosystemer. pdf
Kaj
Peter

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...I NEED YOU [Jungkook] Fall ([Rap Monster] everything) [Jungkook] Fall ([Rap Monster] everything) [Jungkook] Fall ([Rap Monster] everything) [Jungkook] heuteojine [Jungkook] Fall ([Rap Monster] everything) [Jungkook] Fall ([Rap Monster] everything) [Jungkook] Fall ([Rap Monster] everything) [Jungkook] tteoreojine [Suga] neo ttaeme na ireohke mangajyeo Geumanhallae ije neo an gajyeo Mothagesseo mwot gataseo Jebal pinggye gateun geon samgajwo [J-Hope] niga nahante ireom an dwae Niga han modeun mareun andae Jinsireul garigo nal jjijeo Nal jjigeo na michyeo da sirheo Jeonbu gajyeoga nan niga geunyang miwo [V] But you’re my everything ([Rap Monster] You’re my) [V] Everything ([Rap Monster] You’re my) [V] Everything ([Rap Monster] You’re my) [J-Hope] jebal jom kkeojyeo huh [V] mianhae ([Rap Monster] I hate u) [V] saranghae ([Rap Monster] I hate u) [V] yongseohae [Jungkook] I need you girl Wae honja saranghago honjaseoman ibyeolhae I need you girl Wae dachil geol almyeonseo jakku niga piryohae [Jungkook] I need you girl [Jimin] neon areumdawo [Jungkook] I need you girl [Jimin] neomu chagawo [Jungkook] I need you girl ([All] I need you girl) [Jungkook] I need you girl [Jimin&All] I need you girl [Rap Monster] It goes round and round na wae jakku doraoji I go down and down ijjeum doemyeon naega baboji Na museun jiseul haebwado eojjeol sugaeobtdago Bunmyeong nae simjang, nae maeum, nae gaseuminde Wae mareul an deutnyago Tto honjatmalhane...

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Ironman 3 Ethical

...SYNOPSIS Iron Man 3 is an American superhero film featuring the Marvel Comics character Iron Man, produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures. It was published on 2013 and it is the sequel to 2008's Iron Man and 2010's Iron Man 2. This film tells the story of Tony Stark (Iron Man) where he try to contending with his own creation robot. Iron Man entered another dimension in this film where he was given an order to save New York City. Tony haunted by his past experience and was unable to sleep. He throws himself into his work with such intensity that it begins effect on both his mental health and his relationship with his girlfriend. Tony has only started to realize his problems when an the terrorist named the Mandarin hijacks the airwaves and threatens to bring his country (America) to its knees with a painful series of attacks and it even make the American President won't be able to ignore. When Tony's former security guard is badly injured in an explosion caused by one of the Mandarin's agents, they issues a public threat that results in his home being completely destroyed in a serious attack and make him to face his enemy with only one damaged prototype suit Iron Man. Fortunately, Tony is not alone with the help of Col. James Rhodes and a young boy named Harley. He pieces together the mystery of the Mandarin, whose final attack promises to be the most painful of all. MORAL LESSON From this film we can noticed that there are many problems...

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