...attending both programs she participates in group and individual sessions addressing her domestic violence which she experienced by her past boyfriends. Additionally, Ms. Lee sought treatment to address her mental health diagnosis of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) which she was prescribed antidepressants. Ms Lee also resided in transitional housing which she would present to her probation officer for random urine drug screens. Over the month Ms. Lee was able to obtain gainful employment, stable housing and regain custody of her children. However, Ms. Lee violated her probation after testing positive on a random urine drug screen (Geyer, 2009). The purpose of this paper is to discuss treatment outcomes models: recidivism model, relapse model, and harm-reduction model. The recidivism, relapse, and harm-reduction model have in common are they are used in forensic treatment literature (Geyer,...
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...Prohibition and Harm Reduction Bryon Wilson BEHS 364 August 5th 2014 There have been two different strategies of society dealing with alcohol; harm reduction and zero tolerance. The method of harm reduction is focused primarily on reducing the negative effect of alcohol society and the people who drink. This is usually implemented by our government. They create policies and social programs that can treat those afflicted with alcoholism. There are several ways that this can be accomplished, such as limiting access, and taxing the substance to reduce demand. There are also social programs put in place that can help educate, rehabilitate and help recover. This a strategy compared to zero tolerance carries a unique ability to be tailored to suit individual needs as opposed to a one size fits all blanket policy. The harm reduction policy stands on a principle that alcoholism will not be completely eliminated so it would be more benefit to address the negative harms. For instance as alcoholism can be a major problem at work, some companies provide someone as an advocate and counsel. These counselors can work with them to modify behavior and reduce alcohol related incidents and further harm to their self on the job and in their personal life. That is something prohibition policies cannot do for an individual person. The proponents of zero tolerance see the alcoholic epidemic as a disease and therefore cannot allow continued usage if the person is to be treated and recover. It...
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...one error a day happens in all hospitals. “An estimated 450,000 adverse drug events medication errors that result in patient harm occur annually, approximately 25% of which are preventable” (Seibert, 2014. p. 1). One important aspect of nursing is drug administration. It is a multidisciplinary task including doctors, pharmacist...
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...Applied Law Enforcement | How to Fix the Skids | Instructor: Al “R.C.” Arsenault | | By: Stanley Lam | 4/5/2010 | An academic essay written by Stanley Lam for the Applied Law Enforcement class regarding his thoughts and opinions on how to fix the skids located in the Downtown Eastside. | ------------------------------------------------- How to Fix the Skids By: Stanley Lam This paper will be regarding the topic on “How to Fix the Skids” for Applied Law Enforcement class instructed by Al “R.C.” Arsenault. “Skid row” or “the skids” is located on the 100-block of East Hastings Street in Vancouver, British Columbia; right between Chinatown and Gastown. The Downtown Eastside is also where the safe drug injection site called Insite is located. Through this paper, a few solutions will be discussed on what actions should be taken in order to “fix the skids”. A few issues that will be discussed include: the cost of drugs, harm reduction, drug rehabilitation programs, drug importation, revisal of criminal justice system, and criticisms. According to Wikipedia, Vancouver was for many years the main port-of-entry for the North American opium supply resulting in the rise in popularity for the usage of opium and heroin. During the Great Depression, a pattern of social decay became well established in the Downtown Eastside due to the gathering of the unemployed and poor amongst the area. During the 1970’s, the alcohol and poverty problems in the area was made...
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...242–247 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect International Journal of Drug Policy journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/drugpo Research paper Nicotine control: E-cigarettes, smoking and addiction Kirsten Bell a,∗ , Helen Keane b a b Department of Anthropology, 6303 NW Marine Drive, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada School of Sociology, Building 22, Hayden Allen Building, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Background: Over the past year or so, electronic cigarettes, more commonly known as ‘e-cigarettes’, have achieved widespread visibility and growing popularity. These products, which deliver nicotine via an inhaled mist, have caused no small amount of controversy in public health circles, and their rise has been accompanied by energetic debate about their potential harms and benefits. Methods: Interspersed with an analysis of current media coverage on e-cigarettes and the response of mainstream tobacco control and public health to these devices, this article examines the emergence of nicotine as both as an ‘addiction’ and a treatment for addiction. Results: We argue that by delivering nicotine in way that resembles the visual spectacle and bodily pleasures of smoking, but without the harms of combustible tobacco, e-cigarettes highlight the complex status of nicotine as both a poison and remedy in contemporary public health and tobacco control...
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...What are the options? pricing and taxation policy reforms to redress excessive alcohol consumption and related harms in australia natacha Carragher & Jenny Chalmers1 nsW Bureau of Crime statistics and research 1 Natacha Carragher, Research Fellow, ATCL, BSc(Hons), PhD. Jenny Chalmers Senior Research Fellow, BEc(Hons), MEc, PhD. Drug Policy Modelling Program, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales. Address for correspondence: Dr Natacha Carragher, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052. Tel: 02 9385 0249. Fax: 02 9385 0222. Email: n.carragher@unsw.edu.au 2011 Published by the NSW Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research Attorney General’s Department Level 8 St James Centre 111 Elizabeth Street Sydney 2000 Australia Phone: +61 (2) 9231 9190 Fax: +61 (2) 9231 9187 Email: bcsr@agd.nsw.gov.au Website: www.bocsar.nsw.gov.au ISBN 978-1-921824-33-3 This report is available in pdf format on our website and may be provided in alternative formats. Please contact the Bureau on 02 9231 9190 or email us at bcsr@agd.nsw.gov.au © State of New South Wales through the Attorney General’s Department of NSW 2011. You may copy, distribute, display, download and otherwise freely deal with this work for any purpose, provided that you attribute the Attorney General’s Department of NSW as the owner. However, you must obtain permission if you wish to (a) charge others for access to the work (other than...
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...What are the options? pricing and taxation policy reforms to redress excessive alcohol consumption and related harms in australia natacha Carragher & Jenny Chalmers1 nsW Bureau of Crime statistics and research 1 Natacha Carragher, Research Fellow, ATCL, BSc(Hons), PhD. Jenny Chalmers Senior Research Fellow, BEc(Hons), MEc, PhD. Drug Policy Modelling Program, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales. Address for correspondence: Dr Natacha Carragher, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052. Tel: 02 9385 0249. Fax: 02 9385 0222. Email: n.carragher@unsw.edu.au 2011 Published by the NSW Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research Attorney General’s Department Level 8 St James Centre 111 Elizabeth Street Sydney 2000 Australia Phone: +61 (2) 9231 9190 Fax: +61 (2) 9231 9187 Email: bcsr@agd.nsw.gov.au Website: www.bocsar.nsw.gov.au ISBN 978-1-921824-33-3 This report is available in pdf format on our website and may be provided in alternative formats. Please contact the Bureau on 02 9231 9190 or email us at bcsr@agd.nsw.gov.au © State of New South Wales through the Attorney General’s Department of NSW 2011. You may copy, distribute, display, download and otherwise freely deal with this work for any purpose, provided that you attribute the Attorney General’s Department of NSW as the owner. However, you must obtain permission if you wish to (a) charge others for access to the work (other than...
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...it brings can help lower the national debt. Titus, R.D. (2016). Puff, Puff, Pass…That Law: The Changing Legislative Environment of Medical Marijuana Policy. Harvard Journal On Legislation, 53 (1), 39-58. Summary of article: In recent years, a few states have legalized medical marijuana for recreational use. The article identifies how the government is placing their taxes on the newly legalized drug. A sample of what I will be using from this article would be, “Federal income taxation of medical marijuana is the same as for cocaine or heroin; the only permitted adjustment to gross revenues in calculating federal taxable income is cost of goods sold.” (Titus pg. 2). There is a lot of information that I am looking for to help me with my paper. Assessment of article: I found this source on the school library. The author name is R. D. Titus and she is a writer at Harvard Journal. This articles publication was in 2016. The author and the article gave a lot of information about taxing the sale of medical marijuana in sates that already passed the law about recreational use and dispensaries selling the product. I found this article in the school library is it is 100% a scholarly article. I will be using as much information I can find that relates to my topic about the cost and taxing on medical marijuana sales. Reflection on article: Based on this article, I can claim that the money coming from taxing medical marijuana helps deduct money to the national debt. The taxing on medical...
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...IMPORTANT FOR GROWTH AND POVERTY REDUCTION? Nick Godfrey Session 1.3.: Competition policy This paper was submitted in response to a call for papers conducted by the organisers of the OECD Global Forum on International Investment. It is distributed as part of the official conference documentation and serves as background material for the relevant session in the programme. The views expressed in this paper do not necessarily represent those of the OECD or its member governments. OECD Global Forum on International Investment OECD Investment Division www.oecd.org/investment/gfi-7 Table of Contents Executive Summary Introduction How is Competition Policy Linked to Growth and Poverty Reduction? A. Competition policy B. Competition policy and growth C. Competition policy and poverty reduction Competition in Developing countries The Competition Assessment Framework Background Content How to select sectors and markets for assessment 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 8 8 9 9 Identify the relevant markets and the competitors Examine the market structure Look for barriers to entry Ascertain if government policies or institutions limit competition Consider vested interests Look for signs of anti-competitive practices actions by firms Draw conclusions Conclusions References 9 9 9 9 10 10 10 11 12 Department for International Development, London OECD Global Forum on Investment, March 2008 2 Why is Competition Important for Growth and Poverty Reduction? Investment Climate Team Department...
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...Discussion Paper on Age of First Invitation for Cervical Screening and Frequency of Invitation of Cervical Screening for Women aged 50 to 64 years Authors: Dr Sharon Hillier, Miss Helen Beer, Dr Shantini Paranjothy, Dr Rosemary Fox, Mr Bryan Rose and Professor Hilary Fielder. Screening Division Public Health Wales NHS Trust Based on papers prepared by Professor Hilary Fielder and Mr Huw Brunt Date: May 2011 Version: 1 Publication/ Distribution: Public Health Wales (Intranet) Welsh Assembly Government Review Date: Review in May 2012 or sooner if new information or evidence is available. Purpose and Summary of Document: The current policy for Wales is that women aged between 20 and 64 years are invited for cervical screening every three years. Scotland invite women aged between 20-60 years every three years. England and Northern Ireland invite women from 25 years of age and reduce the frequency of invitations to every 5 years for those aged between 50 and 64 years. The purpose of this document is to review the evidence on which the age of Cervical Screening Wales, Screening Division, Public Health Wales Discussion paper on age of first invitation and frequency of invitation invitation and frequency of invitation is based and to discuss the implications of changes for the female population of Wales, for Cervical Screening Wales and for NHS Wales. Work Plan reference: Cervical Screening Wales, Screening Division. Date: May 2011 Version 1 Page: 2 of 50 Cervical Screening...
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...Annals of Internal Medicine Clinical Guidelines Screening Mammography for Women 40 to 49 Years of Age: A Clinical Practice Guideline from the American College of Physicians Amir Qaseem, MD, PhD, MHA; Vincenza Snow, MD; Katherine Sherif, MD; Mark Aronson, MD; Kevin B. Weiss, MD, MPH; and Douglas K. Owens, MD, MS, for the Clinical Efficacy Assessment Subcommittee of the American College of Physicians* Breast cancer is one of the most common causes of death for women in their 40s in the United States. Individualized risk assessment plays an important role when making decisions about screening mammography, especially for women 49 years of age or younger. The purpose of this guideline is to present the available evidence for screening mammography in women 40 to 49 years of age and to increase clinicians’ understanding of the benefits and risks of screening mammography. Ann Intern Med. 2007;146:511-515. For author affiliations, see end of text. www.annals.org RECOMMENDATIONS Recommendation 1: In women 40 to 49 years of age, clinicians should periodically perform individualized assessment of risk for breast cancer to help guide decisions about screening mammography. A careful assessment of a woman’s risk for breast cancer is important. The 5-year breast cancer risk can vary from 0.4% for a woman age 40 years with no risk factors to 6.0% for a woman age 49 years with several risk factors (1). Factors that increase the risk for breast cancer include older age, family...
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...Annals of Internal Medicine Clinical Guidelines Screening Mammography for Women 40 to 49 Years of Age: A Clinical Practice Guideline from the American College of Physicians Amir Qaseem, MD, PhD, MHA; Vincenza Snow, MD; Katherine Sherif, MD; Mark Aronson, MD; Kevin B. Weiss, MD, MPH; and Douglas K. Owens, MD, MS, for the Clinical Efficacy Assessment Subcommittee of the American College of Physicians* Breast cancer is one of the most common causes of death for women in their 40s in the United States. Individualized risk assessment plays an important role when making decisions about screening mammography, especially for women 49 years of age or younger. The purpose of this guideline is to present the available evidence for screening mammography in women 40 to 49 years of age and to increase clinicians’ understanding of the benefits and risks of screening mammography. Ann Intern Med. 2007;146:511-515. For author affiliations, see end of text. www.annals.org RECOMMENDATIONS Recommendation 1: In women 40 to 49 years of age, clinicians should periodically perform individualized assessment of risk for breast cancer to help guide decisions about screening mammography. A careful assessment of a woman’s risk for breast cancer is important. The 5-year breast cancer risk can vary from 0.4% for a woman age 40 years with no risk factors to 6.0% for a woman age 49 years with several risk factors (1). Factors that increase the risk for breast cancer include older age, family...
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...Principles and Issues within Addiction Counseling Jennifer Spivey Liberty University Abstract Addiction counselors have many ethical and legal considerations in when providing services to substance abusers. There are ethical principles that including justice, autonomy, nonmaleficence, beneficence, and fidelity. Along with these principles there are federal and state regulations when providing services. As an addiction counselor there should be ethical guidelines to follow with informed consent, compensation, confidentiality, and collection and protection of data. Furthermore, addiction counselors must avoid coercion, provide alternative treatment options, protect vulnerable clients, and select representative participants for addictions research. The ultimate goal of addictions counseling is to benefit the clients and society as a whole. Keywords: ethical, principles, addiction, counselor Introduction There are many counselors that are faced with ethical issues on a regular basis. These issues are intensified for an addiction counselor. There are a number of reasons for ethical issues for addiction counselors. One is that there is a high correlation between addiction and criminal activity. There is also the concern that ethical issues such as informed consent can be complicated by problems arising out of substance abuse. The counselor’s ability to cope with these and other issues is dependent, to a large degree, on their ability to weigh up the inherent risks and benefits...
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...collectively exhaustive). MECE allows us to find problems that are relevant towards our situation. The methodology allowed us to identify three areas of research that influence the solution that solves our problem; these three spheres of research are cost, community, and competition. Research The first sphere of research is about cost. We identified that the largest increasing cost in Parktopia is the trash disposal cost. The second sphere of research, which dealt with community, identified that our community is burdened by the increasing trash disposal cost and landfill scarcity. The last sphere of research identified that recycling programs are helping our competition reduce costs. Solution The solution that solves all three spheres of research is a recycling program. Our recycling program includes 100 plastic and 100 paper containers, along with formal employee training. The proposed start date is January 1, 2015. Introduction Since 1954, Parktopia has served as one of the leading amusement parks in the Midwest. The park was built in St. George because of the city’s support and financial backing. Our park is visited by millions of people every year, which makes us number one attraction in St George. Because of the city’s generosity, we have become a successful theme park. Unfortunately, our presence is doing more harm than good because...
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...radio-pagers in acute hospital care: a randomized controlled trial” set out to research how effective pressure sensitive bed and chair alarms are at preventing falls. The researchers’ motivation to perform this study was to challenge the effectiveness of this new technology in preventing falls. This paper will analyze the quality and efficacy of this study and ultimately find their conclusion to be valid. The problem researchers will address is insufficient research related to single interventions to prevent falls in hospitals. The problem was easily identified and briefly stated in the background and then further explained...
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