...there is an additive relationship between externally mediated rewards and rewards which arise out of task performance itself. Therefore, if either one or both types of reward outcomes can be increased, total motivation or performance behaviors can be increased. In the late 1940’s a psychology professor called Harry F. Harlow (Harlow, Harlow & Meyer 1950) conducted one of the first true intrinsic motivational experiments ever performed, using a simple puzzle where a rhesus monkey needed to perform 3 simple tasks in a specific row to complete it. A simple task for a human, but a much more complex task for a little monkey. The experiment was performed on 12 primates over a 3-week period. Almost immediately the monkeys were able to solve the puzzle and they continued to solve it every time they were near it, without receiving any kind of rewards or recognition from doing so. Nobody showed the rhesus monkeys how to solve the puzzle or taught them that they even could solve it, but they still did it. Harlow concluded that it must have been due to an internal biological motivator that gave the monkeys a satisfaction or enjoyment from solving the puzzle. The experiment was repeated, but...
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...infants and newborns. Examine Piaget’s stage theory in relation to early cognitive development. Illustrate the importance of attachment in psychosocial development. Discuss the impact of sexual development in adolescence and changes in moral reasoning in adolescents and young adults. Examine the life stages within Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development. Illustrate the physical, cognitive, and social aspects of aging. Describe the multiple influences of nature and nurture in human development. 12.3 Adolescence and Young Adulthood Physical Development Cognitive Development Social Development Cognitive Development Social Development Continuity or Change Relationships Ages and Stages of Adulthood 12.5 Nature and Nurture Summary of Multiple Influences on Development CONCEPT LEARNING CHECK 12.5 Nature or Nurture? CONCEPT LEARNING CHECK 12.3 Defining CONCEPT LEARNING CHECK 12.4 Is There a Adolescence “Right Time” for Everything? CRITICAL THINKING APPLICATION 12.4 Adulthood and Aging Physical Development Reproductive Life Life Expectancy...
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