...Critical Thinking Analysis DeVry University How deviance occurred Deviance occurred in multiple stages throughout Matthews story. First, Matthew admits he is gay to strangers in a town he knowingly understands is not a gay friendly community from previous experience. Second, Aaron and Russell befriended him in order to get Matthew in their vehicle for transport. Third, deviance occurs when the torture and beating took place and leaving Matthew tied up in a rural secluded area to die. Fourth, Aaron and Russell maintain control over some of Matthews possessions and the bloody hand gun. Lastly, Aaron and Russell attempted to manipulate the judge and jury into believing they were suffering from temporary insanity. Types of Deviance In Matthew Shepherd’s case, we see sexual deviance from Matthew, who is homosexual. While our nation is viewing homosexuality from being deviant behavior is declining, each city and/or small town still remains to its own norms and refuses to allow conventional thinking into their communities. Matthew being openly gay is consider deviant behavior to the environment and the times he lived in. Aaron...
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...Some studies focus on an individual’s perceptions of violence in society, others deal with perceived personal risk and some deal with the degree of fear of being victimized. This results in many cultivation analysis of fear often not discussing the same things at all. From a cultivation perspective, television is likely to educate people about social lessons and what the world is like, but not necessarily effect ones perceptions of their own personal reality, where many influences and everyday non-mediated influences may play a stronger role. Shrum has documented and extended the dominant understanding of cultivations cognitive mechanism which is the heuristic reception and processing of messages which makes heavy viewers of television inclined to depend on messages to form their own ideas of the world. Mental shortcuts used while processing television messages are likely to make heavy viewers depend on those messages while forming judgements about the world, based on frequency, distinctness and how recent the...
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... · Homosexual Marriages Should Have the Same Rights as Heterosexual Marriages. · Comparisons to Other Countries · Europe · Africa · Background · First Argument with Gay Marriage · Changes in the Ability to Get Married · Hate Crimes · Identification of Policy Alternatives · Legalizing Gay Marriage Amongst All States · Legalizing Gay Marriage Amongst All States, but Naming it “Civil Unions” · Legalizing Gay Marriage/Civil Unions Against Some States, Recognizing it in All · Recommendation · References INTRODUCTION: Same Sex Marriages Having Same Rights as Heterosexual Marriages Gay marriage has been an active debate amongst politicians, religious figures, and the public. The debate has spanned over a decade with little change for either side. The issue of gay marriage is not just about the name of what the union is called, but the right to be able to legally join as homosexual couples with the same rights as heterosexual couples. Reasons for someone to be in favor of this topic are that there should be a separation of religion and politics, it deprives homosexuals of their natural rights, and this issue has escalated to violent hate crimes towards homosexuals. As it stands, currently 9 million adults are homosexuals, representing 4 percent of the 18 and over population in the United States with no signs of diminishing. Public administrators have done little in regards to helping ease the situation...
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...Hate Crime Analysis According to "The United States Department of Justice" (2014), “Hate crime is the violence of intolerance and bigotry, intended to hurt and intimidate someone because of their race, ethnicity, national origin, religious, sexual orientation, or disability” (para. 3). This hate crime analysis will provide a brief description as to what specific factors serve as a basis for victimization. Specific case examples and restorative justice models will be assessed. Benefits and challenges of the use of restorative justice will be discussed, and contemporary research instruments to measure the victimization of gays and lesbians will be the focus. Lastly, the identification of the criminological theory that explains the victimization of the chosen group. Over the years, dominant groups, and communities with similar cultures and beliefs have asserted their prejudices on other groups believing differently. Many times these assertions or acts of power similarly resemble the power-control and gender-based theories. Groups that assert power or control over individuals by intimidation or violence can be known labeled as hate groups. The last few decades have brought about a voice for civil rights, a fight for women’s rights, and a surge of protests for gay and lesbian rights. These protests further fuel a loathing and hostility by these hate groups. Victimization Factors The victimization of gays, lesbians, and bisexuals are the focus of this analysis. Sexual...
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...Everyone Deserves Equality James Crosslin Eth/125 April 14, 2013 Nick Embaye Equality in the United States is something that many people of different races, ethnic groups, genders, gays, lesbians and transgender people have been striving to obtain for decades. Although this country has made great strides in equality, much more needs to be done, everyone on planet Earth deserves to be treated equally. Women in the United States were once believed best suited to remain at home, and take care of the children and household chores. Women felt obligated to marry, have as many children as their husbands dictated, have dinner on the stove, and the house cleaned when the husband came home, the old adage, “barefoot, pregnant, and in the kitchen” was the mindset. Now women are encouraged to work outside the home, economics being the main drive. Yet even with all the strides women have made in the last few decades, there is still discrimination and prejudice against women in the work place, they aren’t promoted as quickly as men if promoted at all (Herminia Ibarra, 2010), pay is lower than men working in the same positions (Fairchild, 2013), sexual harassment is common place. Men don’t believe women are as capable as themselves in performing the jobs that require mental or physical labor, but we know this not to be the case at all. Women are just as able to perform jobs that men are capable of, yet they are placed in subservient roles or in positions that make them “eye...
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...Socio-Cultural Influences on Sexuality There is nothing that sparks a debate more than the topic of sexuality. The multitude of opinions in societies displays an attempt to define, promote, or control sexuality. Sexuality is a part of our humanity in which defines sex, gender identities, gender roles, sexual orientation, pleasure, intimacy, and instigates procreation. Though, sexuality is experienced and expressed through thoughts, desires, beliefs, attitudes, values, roles, behaviours, and relationships; it is greatly influenced by societies, cultures, historical perspectives, religious perspectives, biological forces, psychological theories, ethics, morals, and legal factors. In the United States, known as the “melting pot” because of the mass amounts of cultural influences brought in by immigrants worldwide that now reside on its land; one of the biggest concerns in regards to sexuality are the social and public health challenges that influence sexual behaviours, attitudes, and beliefs. Sexual behavior in not just a personal matter between two people, but rather a theme that can affect society in terms of social expectations for sexual behaviors, gender identity, roles, stereotypes, and bias. Social Expectations on Sexual Behaviors “Sexuality is an important part of our lives” (King, 2012, p.1), currently and amongst the generations before us. Throughout history, sexual behaviours have been largely influenced by culture, religion, and historical perspectives...
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...Research Study #1: Victim experiences in hate crimes based on sexual orientation By: Herek, Gregory M., Cogan, Jeanine C., Gillis, J. Roy2 Universities Affiliated: University of California, Davis., University of Toronto Abstract: Using interview data from a convenience sample of 450 lesbian, gay, and bisexual adults, the varieties of victim experiences in hate crimes based on sexual orientation are described. Most crimes were perpetrated in public settings by one or more strangers, but victimization also occurred in other locales, and perpetrators included neighbors, coworkers, and relatives. In deciding whether a crime was based on their sexual orientation, victims tended to rely primarily on contextual cues and perpetrators’ explicit statements. Victims’ concerns about police bias and public disclosure of their sexual orientation were important factors in deciding whether to report antigay crimes, as were beliefs about the crime’s severity and the likelihood that perpetrators would be punished. Reflection: The method used in this research study is the interview method. They collected a sample size of 450 willing volunteers (224 men: 204 gay, 20 bisexual and 226 women: 202 lesbian, 24 bisexual). They all were asked to describe their experiences with hate crimes and there was a split between people who knew for sure they were attacked by biased views and those who knew their attacker did not have any biased views against them. Many volunteers felt they were most likely...
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...violence motivated by their sexuality or gender identity. Violence may be executed by the state, as in laws prescribing corporal punishment for homosexual acts or by individuals engaging in intimidation, mobbing, assault, or lynching. Violence targeted at people because of their perceived sexuality can be psychological or physical and can extend to murder. These actions may be motivated by homophobia, lesbophobia, biphobia, transphobia, and may be influenced by cultural, religious, or political biases. Currently, homosexual acts are legal in almost all Western countries, and in many of these countries violence against LGBT people is classified as a hate crime, which such violence being often connected with conservative or religious leaning ideologies which condemn homosexuality, or being perpetrated by individuals who associate homosexuality to being weak, ill, feminine, or immoral. Outside the West, many countries, particularly those where the dominant religion is Islam and some Asian countries (excluding Japan and Taiwan), and some former-Communist countries in Eastern Europe and Central Asia, such as Russia, are currently very dangerous for LGBT people because of discrimination against homosexuals which influences both discriminatory...
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...Hate Crimes in American Society in the Twentieth and Twenty-first Centuries Sample Student Research Paper Project of Sociology Table of Contents I. Thesis Statement…………………………………………….………….....Page 4 II. Introduction and Summary………………………………….………….....Page 4 III. Literature Review………………………………………………………....Page 6 IV. Methods………………………………………………………….......….. Page 16 V. Socio-Historical Analysis………………………………………………. .Page 18 A. 20th Century 1. Lynching 2. Ku Klux Klan 3. Rodney King and the Los Angeles Riots 4. Matthew Shepard B. 21st Century 1. Post 9/11 2. Jena Six VI. Cause and Effect Analysis…………………………………………… ....Page 24 A. Causes 1. Prejudice a. Stereotypes b. Scapegoats c. Presence of Hate in American Culture d. Need for Status and Power 2. Reasons for Crime a. Sending a Message b. Thrill Seeking c. Defensive B. Effects 1. Psychological Trauma 2. Undo Social Progress 3. Community Unrest 4. Threat of Retaliation VII. Descriptive Analysis……………………………………………….........Page 30 A. Description of Victims 1. Bias against a Particular Race 2. Bias against a Particular Religion 3. Bias against a Particular Sexual Orientation 4. Bias against a Particular Ethnicity/National Origin 5. Bias against a Disability B. Description of Offenses and Offenders This must be your new section? VIII. Comparative Analysis…………………………………………………. Page 36 A. United States Justice Department Definition of Hate Crime B. International Justice...
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...Si Janice Ong Jonathan Chow Justin Bonus Phuah Kah Hock Wang Wei Shen INTRODUCTION In this report we will discuss about sexuality in general such as homosexuality. We will look further into the LGBT community between Asian and Western countries. Homosexuality has been a characteristic of human culture since the course of the 19th century. After the modern gay rights movement that began in 1969, in America, more people around the world started to change their mindset of seeing gay rights as “a mental illness to cure” to having more people trying to understand LGBT through biology, psychology, history and cultural variations of sexual practices and identity. We chose this topic because, gay rights has always been a sensitive topic for Malaysians today, this is mainly due to the fact that the government retains the colonial era penal code criminalizing sodomy and shaped by Islam, the official religion in Malaysia. In addition to the secular law, Muslim citizens may also be charged in special Islamic courts, the Syariah Court. In this report we will discuss the religious perspective of Asian and Western countries about homosexuality. We will go through the meaning of homosexuality in detail and ethical perspectives between Asian countries and western countries. Revealing statistical numbers on homosexuality problems and suggestions on how to be ethical when dealing with sexuality. We will also list Asian and western countries around the world that have conformed...
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...States. Another one is Phineas Priesthood, and lastly a group Americans must focus on is Black Liberation Army. These are the three that I think should really be focused on, for they seem to be mentioned by the F.B.I. in a lot of Domestic Terrorism articles. Ku Klux Klan (KKK), just the name sounds of something bad is about to happen. The Klan has been causing havoc since 1865. Is definitely one of the oldest and most infamous for violence than any other domestic group on American. Most believe that blacks are the main subject of the Klan, but that isn’t necessary true anymore. They tend to focus on attacking Jews, immigrants, gays, and lesbians. Immigrants is their main issue now (Klu klux klan, 2013). The Klan is considered a hate group by the Southern Poverty Law Center and Anti-Deamination League. The first Klu Klux Klan was established in the Southern States and many members would weir robes , mask, and conical hats. Hats shaped like cones. Most Klans are recognized by burning crosses and associated with opposing against...
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...birth of criminology as a new discipline and how it has evolved in what it is known today as an applied social science. Explanation of what an ‘applied social science’ will be detailed and collectively the answer to the meaning and validity of the label of ‘rendezvous discipline’ will be provided. Topics that criminology is weaved into for instance are Globalisation, Capital Punishment, Serial Killing, Media, and Genocide. Used to demonstrate the importance that this discipline provides, in a range of contexts Media is the focus later in the essay. Criminology can be studied on its own as a subject, and also applied and used in determining why certain acts of criminality occur in society, referring often to patterns in crime using Criminological Statistical Analysis. In the opinion of Maguire et al (2012) ‘the study of the various social practices associated with criminal justice is currently divided into two main areas marked by a combination of disciplinary tools and institutional...
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...Traci Vander Hoeven 3 December 2014 Zanele Muholi: Take note, Shelby Adams, this is Activist Photography Photographs are one of the most powerful means of advocating for environmental and social change. One’s images can influence one, or influence many; all with the click of a button. As a photographer, Zanele Muholi, provides the viewer her own personal take on her queer community; specifically, the black lesbian community, and their oppressed status in her home country of South Africa. A country struggling to move forward from their colonial past and embrace their post-apartheid vision of collectiveness and unity. Her passion as an activist photographer serves to record a history of a community and its undermined existence and to provide a heightened awareness of the violent acts surrounding that community. Her black and white, portrait style images are a mainstream medium that present her subjects in a neutral manner. Activist photography, a subcategory of documentary photography, often pushes the lines of presenting a point of view or cause and ‘othering’. I first became interested in activist photography when we studied Shelby Adams. I believe his activist intents are clouded, maybe even completely discounted, by his personal motivations as an artist and the cultural stereo-types documented in his subject matter of the Appalachian people he claims to be a member of. Adams stated in his book, Appalachian Legacy, that his “Photographs do not constitute a documentary...
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...Internet Journal of Criminology © 2014 ISSN 2045 6743 (Online) Male Rape: The Unseen World of Male Rape By Aliraza Javaid1 Abstract This research explores the phenomenon of male rape and how the police recognise it, together with uncovering male rape myths in a local police force. Whilst male rape research is expanding, it was found that the police have a lack of knowledge, understanding, awareness, and specialised training of male rape. Therefore, police officers’ attitudes, ideas, views, perspectives, and beliefs on specific topics pertinent to male rape are discussed. This project also seeks to comprehend gender expectations and stereotypes of men, so as to comprehend the prevalence of male rape, the negligence of male rape, and the under-reporting/recording of male rape. Moreover, because male rape is a part of sexual violence, feminist theory is used as a foundation for this project, since feminism seeks gender equality. Ultimately, this research emphasises the need for the police to adequately manage male rape victims and take male rape seriously, without any negative attitudes, ideas, views, perspectives, and beliefs. 1 MRes Social Sciences www.internetjournalofcriminology.com 1 Internet Journal of Criminology © 2014 ISSN 2045 6743 (Online) Contents Page 1.0 Introduction............................................................................................................3 2.0 Male Rape Victims in the Criminal Justice System..................................
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...* * Child Molestation and Homosexuality Ann Landers used to proclaim that the statement “Homosexuals are more inclined to molest children sexually than heterosexuals” is false.1 The American Psychological Association sponsored a work asserting: “Recognized researchers in the field on child abuse,… almost unanimously concur that homosexual people are actually less likely to approach children sexually.”2 Why is it, then, that we read about sex between boys and men in every newspaper? Does it merely reflect sensationalist journalism? We know that heterosexual molestation also occurs. But since there are so many more heterosexuals than homosexuals, which kind of child molestation — homosexual or heterosexual — is proportionately more common? The Scientific Evidence Three kinds of scientific evidence point to the proportion of homosexual molestation: 1) survey reports of molestation in the general population, 2) surveys of those caught and convicted of molestation, and 3) what homosexuals themselves have reported. These three lines of evidence suggest that the 1%-to-3% of adults who practice homosexuality3account for between a fifth and a third of all child molestation. Reports of Molestation by the General Population In 1983, a probability survey of the sexual experiences of 4,340 adults in five U.S. cities found that about 3% of men and 7% of women reported sexual involvement with a man before the age of 13 (i.e., 30% was homosexual).4 In 1983-84, a random survey...
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