...Hate Crime Analysis According to "The United States Department of Justice" (2014), “Hate crime is the violence of intolerance and bigotry, intended to hurt and intimidate someone because of their race, ethnicity, national origin, religious, sexual orientation, or disability” (para. 3). This hate crime analysis will provide a brief description as to what specific factors serve as a basis for victimization. Specific case examples and restorative justice models will be assessed. Benefits and challenges of the use of restorative justice will be discussed, and contemporary research instruments to measure the victimization of gays and lesbians will be the focus. Lastly, the identification of the criminological theory that explains the victimization of the chosen group. Over the years, dominant groups, and communities with similar cultures and beliefs have asserted their prejudices on other groups believing differently. Many times these assertions or acts of power similarly resemble the power-control and gender-based theories. Groups that assert power or control over individuals by intimidation or violence can be known labeled as hate groups. The last few decades have brought about a voice for civil rights, a fight for women’s rights, and a surge of protests for gay and lesbian rights. These protests further fuel a loathing and hostility by these hate groups. Victimization Factors The victimization of gays, lesbians, and bisexuals are the focus of this analysis. Sexual...
Words: 1498 - Pages: 6
...Hate Crime Analysis Terryann Lemonius AJS/542 January 21st 2013 Professor Yehuda Packer When thinking about hate crime the first thing that would come to mind is crimes against an individual based on the color of their skin. Most often this will be between Blacks and Whites. However there are many other factors that can subject to being a victim of hate crime. This essay will aim to highlight some of these for a specific group citing specific examples of a hate crime, restorative justice models that can be applied to the group. It will also further go on to explain the benefits and challenges with the use of that particular restorative model, along with a contemporary research method that could be used to measure the victimization of this particular group. Finally an attempt will be made to link the victimization of this group with the criminological theories currently being studied. A group of people who often face hate crimes are Muslims. Although not as popular as some other forms of hate crime that frequent newspapers or news stations. It is also one that in some ways has become a taboo subject when it is brought up around some politicians, community leaders, and private citizens. One of the main factors that have put the Muslim community in the firing line for hate crime is the events of September 11 2001. The leaders and perpetrators behind the attacks were Muslims and as such the religion has taken a brunt of the fallout for the attacks. Statistic by the FBI in...
Words: 1306 - Pages: 6
...Running Head: Hate Crime Analysis – Homosexuality Hate crime Analysis – Homosexuality CJA540 Nicole Paddock Eric Drennan October 18, 2010 Abstract Hate crimes are crimes that are motivated by prejudices. Hate crimes can be against people because of their race, religion, gender, or sexual orientation. Incidents of hate crime can be physical assault, property damage, bullying, harassment, verbal abuse, graffiti, and/or hate mail. This paper will discuss hate crime has it pertains to sexual orientation focusing on homosexual men. It will provide a brief description of why homosexuals are victimized and discuss two cases of hate crime. The paper will then talk about the restorative justice models that could be used to help and the best instrument to measure the victimization of homosexual men. The paper will conclude with discussing the criminological theory that best describes why there is victimization with homosexual men. Homosexuality and victimization have become two things that unfortunately go hand in hand. Homosexual men are the prime targets for those who commit hate crimes. “Past studies show that gay men are more likely to be the victim of violent crime than lesbians. Gay men are often targeted out in public such as attending gay bars and nightclubs and in neighborhoods that are predominately occupied by gay men” (Waldern-Haugrud & Berg, p. 4 2004). One of the reasons homosexual men are targeted is because homosexual men tend to be more...
Words: 1331 - Pages: 6
...Hate Crimes in American Society in the Twentieth and Twenty-first Centuries Sample Student Research Paper Project of Sociology Table of Contents I. Thesis Statement…………………………………………….………….....Page 4 II. Introduction and Summary………………………………….………….....Page 4 III. Literature Review………………………………………………………....Page 6 IV. Methods………………………………………………………….......….. Page 16 V. Socio-Historical Analysis………………………………………………. .Page 18 A. 20th Century 1. Lynching 2. Ku Klux Klan 3. Rodney King and the Los Angeles Riots 4. Matthew Shepard B. 21st Century 1. Post 9/11 2. Jena Six VI. Cause and Effect Analysis…………………………………………… ....Page 24 A. Causes 1. Prejudice a. Stereotypes b. Scapegoats c. Presence of Hate in American Culture d. Need for Status and Power 2. Reasons for Crime a. Sending a Message b. Thrill Seeking c. Defensive B. Effects 1. Psychological Trauma 2. Undo Social Progress 3. Community Unrest 4. Threat of Retaliation VII. Descriptive Analysis……………………………………………….........Page 30 A. Description of Victims 1. Bias against a Particular Race 2. Bias against a Particular Religion 3. Bias against a Particular Sexual Orientation 4. Bias against a Particular Ethnicity/National Origin 5. Bias against a Disability B. Description of Offenses and Offenders This must be your new section? VIII. Comparative Analysis…………………………………………………. Page 36 A. United States Justice Department Definition of Hate Crime B. International Justice...
Words: 11067 - Pages: 45
...Abstract This paper will provide a definition and history of victimology as well as give examples of real life victims. Second, this paper will discuss how victimology is different from criminology, sociology and psychology. This paper will also discuss hate crimes, the first safe house for battered women, children’s rights groups. Finally, this paper will also discuss organizations that provide advocacy for victims of domestic violence, sexual assault, child abuse and homicides. Introduction to Victimology Victimology is the study of victims of crime and the interactions between the victim and the perpetrator (victimology, 2006). Victimology is to investigate the victims role in the commission of crimes and sometimes the psychological effect those crimes have on the victims (victimology, 2007). Today’s criminal justice system is a fairly new appearance, in the middle ages victims themselves were responsible for dealing with criminals on their own as there were no authorities to enforce the law. Murder has always been unacceptable behavior, but it was always up to the victims or their survivors to determine the course of action to be taken against the person committing the crime. In 2200 B.C.E. was when Law of Moses, the Code of Hammurabi and Roman law all consisted of elements to individual responsibility for harms committed against others (Doerner & Lab, 2008). It was until the 1940’s that the criminal justice system decided to not only focus their time in...
Words: 1553 - Pages: 7
...Research Study #1: Victim experiences in hate crimes based on sexual orientation By: Herek, Gregory M., Cogan, Jeanine C., Gillis, J. Roy2 Universities Affiliated: University of California, Davis., University of Toronto Abstract: Using interview data from a convenience sample of 450 lesbian, gay, and bisexual adults, the varieties of victim experiences in hate crimes based on sexual orientation are described. Most crimes were perpetrated in public settings by one or more strangers, but victimization also occurred in other locales, and perpetrators included neighbors, coworkers, and relatives. In deciding whether a crime was based on their sexual orientation, victims tended to rely primarily on contextual cues and perpetrators’ explicit statements. Victims’ concerns about police bias and public disclosure of their sexual orientation were important factors in deciding whether to report antigay crimes, as were beliefs about the crime’s severity and the likelihood that perpetrators would be punished. Reflection: The method used in this research study is the interview method. They collected a sample size of 450 willing volunteers (224 men: 204 gay, 20 bisexual and 226 women: 202 lesbian, 24 bisexual). They all were asked to describe their experiences with hate crimes and there was a split between people who knew for sure they were attacked by biased views and those who knew their attacker did not have any biased views against them. Many volunteers felt they were most likely...
Words: 3514 - Pages: 15
...this definition are attitude and entire category. Prejudice involves attitudes, thoughts, and beliefs—not actions. And discrimination consists of negative behavior toward a group (Schaefer, 2014). I was not as conscious of how discrimination and prejudice can make a difference to culture and ethnic groups. In these past five weeks, I have honestly opened my eyes and mind differentiate these two words that both affects the society because they are used in comments that hurt people's feelings. As far as my own race, ethnic or cultural history I have learned that we have been a racial minority in the United States for many years. A record of 33.7 million Hispanics of Mexican origin resided in the United States in 2012, according to an analysis of Census Bureau data by Pew Research Center. This estimate includes 11.4 million immigrants born in Mexico and 22.3 million born in the U.S. who self-identified as Hispanics of Mexican origin. Also, Mexican Americans have been involved in every aspect of making the United States to a positive contribution to the American society building a more diverse nation and an excellent source of labor. Their culture will possibly continue to grow in the society with their food, religious beliefs, and music. As trends in immigration continue to shape the demographics of the United States, I...
Words: 1317 - Pages: 6
...Hate Crimes against Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Individuals Marcy Ross University of Phoenix Homosexuality is accepted more today; nonetheless, there are still a number of hate crimes being committed against gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender individuals. A prime example of such hate was proven on October 6, 1998 when Matthew Shepard was robbed, pistol whipped and tortured because of his sexuality. On October 12, 1998 at 12:53a Matthew died, this proved to the world that hate could manifest from such ignorance and cause such a horrific tragedy. Mason states, “everyone should be outraged by the murder of Matthew Shepard—not because he was gay, but because he was a human being (1993). For the past decade, because of sexual orientation, lesbians and gay men have been consistently the third most frequent target of hate violence, and this has not heightened only fear, but also insecurity among the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender community. According to The National Coalition of Anti-Violence Programs, violent crimes against people in the LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender) community rose 13% in 2010 and that minorities and transgender women were more likely to be targeted. The increase is believed to be against this group because of their sexual orientation, gender or HIV positive status. Some believe hate crimes increase after attacks that become high-profile or when an individual of the LGBT community civil rights are debated...
Words: 1196 - Pages: 5
...do about bias except to wait for this generation to die off and a new one to come along.” Even a man as erudite as broadcaster Edward Murrow believed we could never rid ourselves of biases; we could only learn to work around them. (Thiederman, p.3) I don’t agree, after reading this chapter, I truly believe that if we make an effort to become aware of how to identify bias attitudes we can make a difference, no matter how small. I was surprised how common biases attitudes are, I would have never thought that some of the things we say or do are definitely out of line. I myself am guilty of some of these biases. Here is one example: I used to say all “Chinese people pretend not to speak English”. In the news very often I hear and see hate crimes motivated by bias behaviors against someone because of their race, gender, origin, sexual orientation, or disability. The amazing point that is most important to understand others as their own person. These characteristics are important to our understanding but should not limit how we look at others. At the end of the day, every human being has a set of experiences and value that make them who they are. “We must give the rational part of our brains a chance to get in gear before reacting instinctively To someone who is different from ourselves” (Thiederman,...
Words: 251 - Pages: 2
...humans are born with, it is a behavior that is taught and bred into people. In most cases this act of instilling hate is incepted during child hood, by a parent or a close relative. In some cases people who breathe hatred may have been introduced to this way of thinking out of their household by close friends or acquaintances. In either case this way of thinking has caused a strain on intercultural relationships in past years and it stills haunts our current society. The Deep South still wreaks the singe of racial discrimination, it seems the further south you travel the more you can experience or hear about how prevalent racism still is in these areas. It is always bad when the common citizens have this mentality; however when your judicial system is comprised of individuals who still embrace this thought pattern, then you really have to ask yourself who can you trust ?or who can you even turn to? when the officers that are suppose to up hold the laws are tainted along with the laws that are suppose to govern the land. It is apparent that the governing body of the United States places racial issues on the back burner; it seems to me that the government will only address certain issues if media attention warrants it. There is no excuse why all laws are not equivalent throughout the United States; each state currently has different laws to govern the same crimes. If there is one governing body why are the laws not the same every where? The recent incident that took place...
Words: 954 - Pages: 4
...Ryan Batista Casey Lukenbill SOCIOLOGY 1 TWTH 4:10-6:50 P.M. 2/3/2011 Violent Crimes in Society Deviance is the contravention of what society sees as normal. Crime is one of the main problems within deviance that society faces on a daily basis. One specific type of crime that many are affected by is violent crime. This type of crime ranges from minor traffic violations to murder. Violent crimes in the United States affect society domestically, personally, and sexually. One type of violent crime that affects men and woman is domestic violence. According to Professor Lukenbill’s lecture, domestic violence used to be a major dilemma that many would be scared to express freely, but because of how strict society has become on the issue, it is slowly declining. For example, stricter laws have taken a threshold on cutting down unnecessary abuse. The authorities did not take this issue as seriously as they did then as they do now. The police would merely show up, ask what was wrong, and leave the premises. Presently, the police now have to arrest the suspect of the abuse without further notification. The arresting takes place in order to ensure the safety of the victimized spouse. Also, this is an example of how the law is stricter than ten years ago. Another reason for the decline of domestic abuse is the wider variety of job opportunities that women have today. In fact, since women now have more employment opportunities, they can fend for themselves and not feel...
Words: 948 - Pages: 4
...because of it. Who do you confide in now? Imagine if you have no gay friends that truly understand what you are going through. Then you have everyone around finding out and picking on you making things worse. People can be seriously cruel and not care about their actions. The case in Oxford, CA with Lawrence King, 15, is a tragedy. He was in middle school and announced to his class that he was gay in front of his classmates. It takes a lot of nerve to be who you are as a person and not care what other people think. That’s what Lawrence did and because of that, classmate, Brandon McInerney, decided to shoot him in school because he was gay. (Cathcart. 2008). “Prosecutors charged Brandon as an adult with murder as a premeditated hate crime and gun possession. If convicted, he faces a sentence of 52 years to life in prison.” (Cathcart. 2008). My guess is...
Words: 913 - Pages: 4
...What are you thoughts on the question are hate crimes considered thought crimes? According to WIKIPEDIA, “A thought crime is an occurrence or instance of controversial or socially unacceptable thoughts. The term is also used to describe some theological concepts such as disbelief or idolatry or a rejection of strong social or philosophical principles.” Also according to WIKIPDIA, “In both crime and law, hate crimes (also known as bias-motivated crimes, or race hate) occur when a perpetrator targets a victim because of his or her perceived membership in a certain social group. Examples of such groups include but are not limited to: racial group, religion, sexual orientation, ethnicity or gender identity. Hate crime is a category used to describe bias-motivated violence: "assault, injury, and murder on the basis of certain personal characteristics: different appearance, different color, different nationality, different language, and different religion." "Hate crime" generally refers to criminal acts that are seen to have been motivated by bias against one or more of the types above, or of their derivatives. Incidents may involve physical assault, damage to property, bullying, harassment, verbal abuse or insults, or offensive graffiti or letters (hate mail). A hate crime law is a law intended to prevent bias-motivated violence. Hate crime laws are distinct from laws against hate speech in that hate crime laws enhance the penalties associated with conduct that is already criminal...
Words: 416 - Pages: 2
...Hate Crime: A Rising Problem Hate Crime can be defined as a perpetrator deliberately targeting a victim because of his or her believed membership in a certain social group, usually defined by race, religion, sexual orientation, disability, class, ethnicity, nationality, age, gender, gender identity, or political affiliation. In the US the Hate Crimes Statistics Act (1990) requires for the recording of an event as a ‘hate crime’ that there is ‘manifest evidence of prejudice based on race, religion, sexual orientation or ethnicity and requires recording officers to complete a 14-point checklist involving a great deal of subjectivity and requiring tacit knowledge of the offences by the recording officer’ (Jacobs, 2003). Some groups such as blacks, Jews, and homosexuals are the most targeted for biased based violent crime but are protected by certain state and federal laws while other groups such as transgendered people are not protected by any law. In the film Soldier’s Girl we meet a young man plagued by the ignorance of a society unwilling to accept a person with non-traditional sexual orientation into the bravado of the Army Infantry. This is an instance far too familiar for many people who make the choice to have a non-traditional way of life. The story of Barry Winchell and Capernia is a direct correlation as to how homosexuals as well as transgendered individuals are treated by society today. The debate on whether being homosexual is a choice or a trait a person is born with...
Words: 1123 - Pages: 5
...Ethics Exercise 5.1 The ways that hate crime legislation threatens to be divisive in our society according to David A. Reidy. The legislation gives certain people the notion that more rights are given to some rather than others. If it is compared to the days when there was slavery and the civil rights movements, African Americans were limits on what rights they had as to the rights that they didn’t have. This created a separation of people across the nation. As to this case, how do you determine if it’s a hate crime or not? Some people seem to think that if a white guy assaults a black guy, or vice versa that it is a hate crime. People seem to think that this is because of their skin color and do not understand the true meaning of “Hate Crime”. The problems come about when you have a case where 2 white guys assaulting each other and the final judgment differs from the original crime between a white guy and a black guy when in fact it is the same exact assault crime. This is what makes it so hard to determine if it is a hate crime or not, every aspect has to be examined very closely. Hate crimes in our country involve a lot more than just skin color, it involves race, ethnicity, religion, sexual orientation or something that differs from ones beliefs. In our society what one group believes or views may differ from what another group believes or views and this is where a lot of hate crimes come from. This is what makes this topic so diverse, not everyone...
Words: 324 - Pages: 2
