...Health Care Spending Economics: The Financing of Health Care HCS 440 December 15, 2013 Health Care Spending The American Dream is described by The Free Dictionary as, “An American ideal of a happy and successful life to which all may aspire” ("Definition," 2013, p. 1) yet this can mean different things to different people. To this student it means happiness, prosperity, health, freedom, and the ability to makes choices according to what this student believes in. For other people, the American Dream will mean similar and probably different things. To many Americans the ability to have health care is a part of the American Dream. Obtaining health care insurance and being able to choose the insurance they can afford is part of their own American Dream. This choice usually comes through their employer or through being self-employed and choosing the appropriate health care insurance. This piece of the American Dream is becoming increasingly expensive and unobtainable. This student will explore current national health care expenditures, is there is too much spent or not enough if cuts need to be made, how health care needs are paid for, and a forecast of the economic needs of the health care system. The level of the current national health care expenditures Health care costs continue to increase. According to the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS), “U.S. health care spending reached $2.7 trillion in 2011, or $8,680 per person. Health spending grew 3.9...
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...WEEK 2 DQS Dq 1 How might a lifestyle choice affect the demand for health care services? The health status of every individual is relative to environmental and heredity factors. In general, the average individual doesn’t have control over their genetic makeup; however, there behavioral lifestyle is and it influences their overall quality of life. Environmental factors are things that an individual can always alter to improve their health. For example, changes in their diet, physical maintenance, and stress. The decisions from the initial case deal with treatment; further along there is areas of discipline, education, responsibility, and adopted healthy lifestyles. With this in mind, the wrong decision will equally influence health care supply and demand significantly. For example, the increasing rate of diabetes in the country is a result of either decision. Type 1 diabetes is a hereditary form of the virus caused from the digestive system not processing insulin. However, type 2 diabetes is caused by environment influences which cause the pancreas to insufficiently produce insulin. Type 2 diabetes is usually caused by obesity. In fact, I researched this information before for a previous class and its been proven that 95% of all diabetes infected individuals have type 2 diabetes. The overall number of individuals with diabetes make up 30% of the U.S. population. The number of individuals with the disease began to spike in the mid 1990’s and the demographic equally expands...
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...|[pic] |Syllabus | | |College of Natural Sciences | | |HCS/440 Version 5 | | |Economics: The Financing of Health Care | Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2005, 2004, 2002, 2000 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Course Description This course provides an overview of the economics of health care. The various payers are examined, including private, state, and federal entities. Issues such as the cost effectiveness of prevention, the management of patients and their diseases, as well as the cost of treatment settings are discussed. Third party reimbursement from various sources, ranging from for-profit insurance carriers to charitable donations, are reviewed. The health care system's use of grant funding and research dollars is described. Policies Faculty and students/learners will be held responsible for understanding and adhering to all policies contained within the following two documents: • University policies: You must be logged into the student website to view this document. ...
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...Health Care Spending 1 Health Care Spending Chandra Williams HCS/440 October 6, 2014 Dawn Chiabotti Health Care Spending 2 National Health Care Spending The United States of America offers some of the best health care services in the world! Our citizens have so many options for medical care and specialty services, sometimes we forget how truly lucky we are to have such an abundance of health services so readily available to us. On average every American visits the doctor (checkup, hospital stay or emergency services) 4 times per year, with some people (in their 20’s and 30’s) go less often and some people (infants and elderly) go much more frequently (Graham, 2008). Because of this tremendous need of health care for every American the National health care spending amount is quite high and continues to grow. Current Level of National Healthcare Spending In 2011 the National healthcare spending was about 2.7 trillion dollars, or broken down about $8,650 per person (McCanne M.D., 2011). These statistics take into account hospital stays, specialty visits, infant well child checkups, etc. Even more astonishing is that this report projected that if the United States continues to spend money on health care this way that by 2020 the National health care spending will almost double being roughly 4.6 trillion, which breaks down to be $13,700 per...
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...Health Care Spending HCS 440 Health Care Spending Health care spending in the United States is a key contributor to the country's economy. The health care industry provides employment as well as providing services that bring healthier lifestyles, better productivity, and a longer life. Health care also brings the development of new drugs and new medical technology that also helps keep the economy employed. However, although the health care and health care spending does tend to help the economy slightly it is beginning to hinder our economy. "In all industrialized countries, with the exception of the United States, health care affordability is ensured through universal insurance based or tax- finances systems" (Squires, 2012, p. 1). Even though the United States spends more in health care than other countries it does not mean the United States has better quality of care than the other countries. Health care spending is depleting this country and the quality of care is not improving. The United States needs to change the way it spends money on health care before it is too late. Current National Health Care Expenditures In 1980 the health care expenditure was at $256 billion, in 2010 the expenditure went up more than 10 times to $2.6 trillion. The spending, however, has slowed in the last few years. The health care expenditure was growing rapidly from the late 1900s to the early 2000s but has slowed slightly. However, it is still expected that the health care...
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...‘The conventional division of private and public law is to some extent a false dichotomy’. Discuss. The aim of this essay is to discuss the conventional division of private and public law is to some extent a false dichotomy. In order to achieve this aim it is necessary to inform that the writer, will examine the Children Act 1989 (CA 1989), giving examples of case law. This will include a brief background of implementation of private and public law into the Act. The next section will identify the similarities and differences in private and public law cases by comparing and contrasting case law. The current regulatory legal framework for contact issues in the public and private law context will be discussed by evaluating how the children’s views are considered. Further in the section the children’s representation in the public and private law arena will be touched on considering the United Nations Convention on Rights of the Child 1990 (UNCRC 1990), implications of the Human Rights Act 1998 (HRA 1998), and the incorporation of the of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) bearing in mind that the Children Act was outlined with a consideration to the convention. Throughout the chapters I will refer to relevant case law, statute, drawing attention to how both private and public law cases can have elements of both private and public law and amalgamation of some cases. There will be a brief discussion to address the different treatment of parties mainly kinship...
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...course examines: • How accounting principles are established and monitored by standard setters. • The strengths and weaknesses of various accounting methods and how applications of such methods affect decisions of users and preparers of financial statements. • Current issues facing standard setters and the profession. Grades will be determined as follows: 1. Class participation 45 possible points 2. Financial reporting timeline 5 possible points 3. Mini-cases (Trueblood, FASB, HBS or similar) 35 possible points 4. Problem sets and discussion question write-ups 30 possible points 5. Group presentation 10 possible points 6. Research paper 20 possible points 7. Final exam 5 possible points 150 possible points NOTE: I assume that you should plan to invest—at a minimum—three hours of time outside of class for every credit hour in class. Thus, for this 3-credit class, you should plan to invest at least nine hours per week in preparation and homework—plus three hours in class. Class participation. For each class, you must be prepared to respond to questions and contribute to discussion about the assigned readings. Obviously, regular attendance is essential for...
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...Pritamnagar 1st Dhal, Ellisbridge, Ahmedabad-6. GUJARAT, INDIA Phone : 079 - 2657 66 39, Fax : 079 - 2657 99 96 E-mail : info@smartinvestment.in smartinvest25@yahoo.in web : www.smartinvestment.in Price VOL : 3 Issue No: 32 RNI No : GUJENG / 2008 / 24320 8 4th Oct. to 10th Oct. 2010 Rs. 12/- CEBBECO, Oberoi Realty and B.S. Trans enters the market this week The listing of Carrer, EROS and Microtech may be most sensational How much the IPOs would be oversubscribed? What about refund? What is the possibility of allotment and listing price? Samtex Fashions Ltd. (BSE Code : 531206) (Rs. 33) In view of recent floods in Pakistan, rice crop there is likely to suffer and since Pakistan is one of the biggest exporters of rice, Indian rice exporters should gain due to likely fall in Pakistan's rice exports. Moroever, there is growing fancy agri-based companies. Hence, the recommendation to buy Samtex Fashions (name appears a misnomer as presently, garment business constitutes only tiny %age of its total business) as scrip is available at extremely low PE Ratio and has high book value. his Delhi based company was originally incorporated for garment business. However, now garment business accounts for hardly 10% of total turnover. Company has set up 3 rice mills For More details refer PrimaryMarket (Center Page) Jay Bharat Maruti (BSE Code : 520066) (Rs. 73) Belonging to Arya group, Jay Bharat Maruti is one of the oldest Autoancillaries of Maruti Udyog and has...
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...Strategies for Tuberculosis Control from Experiences in Manila: The Role of Public-Private Collaboration and of Intermittent Therapy INAUGURALDISSERTATION zur Erlangung der Würde eines Doktors der Philosophie vorgelegt der Philosophisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität Basel von Christian Auer aus Bottmingen (BL) Basel, Mai 2003 Genehmigt von der Philosophisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität Basel auf Antrag von Herrn Prof. Dr. Marcel Tanner und Herrn Professor Dr. Klaus M. Leisinger Basel, den 6. Mai 2003 Prof. Dr. Marcel Tanner Dekan DEDICATION In memory of Aling Tess and Mang Tony, former neighbours of mine, victims of tuberculosis, the unrestrained killer that terminates daily the lives of 5000 people. With the sincere hope and plea that some findings and thoughts of this dissertation will contribute to reducing tuberculosis and poverty. “The appalling global burden of tuberculosis at the turn of the millennium, despite the availability of effective control measures, is a blot on the conscience of humankind. For developing countries, the situation has become desperate and the "cursed duet" of tuberculosis and AIDS is having a devastating impact on large sections of the global community. The vital question is, can despair be turned to hope early in the next millennium?” John Grange and Almuddin Zumla, 1999 TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements Summary Zusammenfassung Abbreviations i iii vii...
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...AEROSPACE MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY [pic] GM 105 Professor Hatton December 11, 2009 ___ Report Completed By: Sarah Gregory Leslie Horton Staci Miles Lauren Rolson Marcin Skubala TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 4 BACKGROUND 4 DOMINANT ECONOMIC INDICATORS 5 1. Market Size 5 2. Scope of Competitive Rivalry 6 3. Number of Companies in the Industry 7 4. Customers 8 5. Ease of Entry/Exit 8 6. Technology/Innovation 9 7. Product Characteristics 10 A. Government 10 B. Commercial Aircraft 10 8. Scale Economies 11 A. Internal 11 B. External 12 9. Experience Curve Effects 12 10. Capacity Utilization 13 11. Industry Profitability 13 SIX FORCES OF COMPETITION 14 1. Threat of New Entrants 14 2. Bargaining Power of Suppliers 16 3. Bargaining Power of Buyers 16 4. Threat of Substitute Products/Services 17 5. Intensity of Rivalry among Competitors 17 6. Relative Power of other Stakeholders-Unions 18 COMPETITIVE POSITION OF MAJOR AEROSPACE COMPANIES 18 COMPETITOR ANALYSIS OF MAJOR AEROSPACE COMPANIES 20 Boeing Co. 20 Lockheed Martin Corporation 21 Northrop Grumman Corporation 23 Raytheon Co. 24 Other Manufacturers 25 Airbus 25 United Technologies 26 KEY SUCCESS FACTORS 26 Reducing Costs 26 Maintaining Access to Foreign Markets 27 INDUSTRY PROSPECTS AND OVERALL ATTRACTIVENESS 29 Factors Making the Industry Attractive 29 Factors Making...
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...SPECIAL ARTICLE Postfertilization Effects of Oral Contraceptives and Their Relationship to Informed Consent Walter L. Larimore, MD; Joseph B. Stanford, MD, MSPH T he primary mechanism of oral contraceptives is to inhibit ovulation, but this mechanism is not always operative. When breakthrough ovulation occurs, then secondary mechanisms operate to prevent clinically recognized pregnancy. These secondary mechanisms may occur either before or after fertilization. Postfertilization effects would be problematic for some patients, who may desire information about this possibility. This article evaluates the available evidence for the postfertilization effects of oral contraceptives and concludes that good evidence exists to support the hypothesis that the effectiveness of oral contraceptives depends to some degree on postfertilization effects. However, there are insufficient data to quantitate the relative contribution of postfertilization effects. Despite the lack of quantitative data, the principles of informed consent suggest that patients who may object to any postfertilization loss should be made aware of this information so that they can give fully informed consent for the use of oral contraceptives. Arch Fam Med. 2000;9:126-133 Oral contraceptives (OCs) are among the most extensively studied and used medications in the world,1 and are accessible without a prescription in some countries, although still virtually unavailable in others. In America, OCs have...
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...Summer Project Report Study of MDA (malondialdehyde) as abiotic stress marker in CSV-17 variety of Sorghum bicolor. Submitted in partial fullfilement of the requirement for B.Tech. Biotechnology Semester VII AMITY INSTITUTE OF BIOTECHNOLOGY AMITY UNIVERSITY RAJASTHAN JAIPUR 2011 Supervised by: Dr Ajit Kumar Sr. Research Officer S.P. Institute of Biotechnology, Jaipur Submitted by: Ravi Pareek DECLARATION I hereby declare that the project report entitled “Study of MDA (malondialdehyde) as abiotic stress marker in CSV-17 variety of Sorghum bicolor” is a record of the work compiled by me under the supervision and guidance of Dr. Ajit Kumar, S.P. Institute of Biotechnology, Jaipur as a part of my 45 days summer training. Ravi Pareek (B.TECH-BIOTECHNOLOGY) (AUR0821094) ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First of all with due regard to my respective god with whose kindness and blessing we could be able to accomplish the task of training. Mr. Sourabh Pareek, for his kind permission to allow me to undergo my major project at S. P. Institute of Biotechnology, Jaipur. I am overwhelmed with rejoice to take this opportunity to evince my profound sense of reverence and gratitude to my esteemed supervisor respective Dr. Ajit Kumar, for giving his regular advice and excellent suggestion which have helped us for completing the study. His regular assistance and guidance really helped me to bring formidable task in successful manner. Sincere thanks to Dr. Sonali Jana and Dr. Neha Upreti for their cooperation...
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...THIRD EDITI ----- --·-- --·-- - - -- - O N -- SU PP LY CH AI N MA NA GE ME NT Stra tegy , Plan ning , and Ope ratio n Sunil Chopra Kellogg Schoo l of Manag ement Northwestern University Peter Meindl Stanfo rd University --------Prentice I-I all Uppe r Saddl e River , New Jersey ·--· PEAR SON -- · - · - - - "ibrary of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data :::hopra, Sunil Supply chain management: strategy, planning, and operation I Sunil Chopra, >eter Meind!.-3rd ed. p. em. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN: 0-13-208608-5 1. Marketing channels-Managemen t. 2. Delivery of goods-Management. i. Physical distribution of goods-Management. 4. Customer servicesvfanagement. 5. Industrial procurement. 6. Materials management. I. vfeindl, Peter II. Title. HF5415.13.C533 2007 658.7-dc22 2006004948 \VP/Executive Editor: Mark Pfaltzgraff ii:ditorial Director: Jeff Shelstad ;enior Project Manager: Alana Bradley E:ditorial Assistant: Barbara Witmer Vledia Product Development Manager: Nancy Welcher \VP/Executive Marketing Manager: Debbie Clare Vlarketing Assistant: Joanna Sabella ;enior Managing Editor (Production): Cynthia Regan flroduction Editor: Melissa Feimer flermissions Supervisor: Charles Morris Vlanufacturing Buyer: Michelle Klein Vlanager, Print Production: Christy Mahon Composition/Full-Service Project Management: Karen Ettinger, TechBooks, Inc. flrinter/Binder: Hamilton Printing Company Inc. fypeface: 10/12 Times Ten Roman :::redits...
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...Education Limited 2004 The right of Timothy G. Sutton to be identified as author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs, and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without either the prior written permission of the publisher or a licence permitting restricted copying in the United Kingdom issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 4LP. ISBN 0 273 67620-2 British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. 10 08 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 07 06 05 04 2 1 Typeset in 10/12pt Minion by 35 Printed and bound by Bell & Bain Limited, Glasgow The publisher’s policy is to use paper...
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...LABOUR LAWS IN INDIA Index Particulars 1. Introduction a) History of Labour law 3 5 6 6 8 9 27 Page No. b) Evolution of Labour law in India c) Purpose of Labour Legislations d) Constitutional provisions with regard to labour laws e) 2. 3. 4. Labour Policy of India List of Labour laws in India Classification of labour laws in India Overview of important labour laws in India a) Apprentices Act, 1961 29 36 51 of 55 b) Employees State Insurance Act, 1948 c) Employees Provident Fund And Misc. Provisions Act, 1952 Employment Exchanges (Compulsory Notification d) The Vacancies) Act, 1959 e) f) g) Factories Act, 1948 Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 Labour Laws (Exemption From Furnishing Returns & Maintaining Registers By Certain Establishments) Act, 1988 h) Payment of Bonus Act, 1965 i) j) Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972 Workmen’s Compensation Act, 1923 83 87 91 58 74 80 1 k) l) The Trade Unions Act, 1926 Shops and Establishment Act, 1954 97 101 104 118 129 132 135 144 147 151 157 172 177 179 180 186 190 m) Laws related to wages n) Laws related to child labour o) Law related to contract labour p) Maternity Benefit Act, 1961 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Checklist of labour law compliance Unfair labour practice Labour laws in the unorganized sector Women labour and the Law Industrial relations 10. Special points to be noted while drafting Employment Agreement 11. Important case laws under various labour legislations 12. Important organizations 13. Authorities under...
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