...The Analysis of Market Failure in the U.K and the U.S. Health Care System Contents Executive Summary 3 1. Introduction 3 2. Findings 3 2.1 The health care system in the U.S. 3 2.1.1 Adverse selection 4 2.1.2 Moral hazard 4 2.1.3 Market power (the pharmaceutical firm) 5 2.1.4 The Medicare-Medicaid 7 2.1.5 Suggestions and solsolutions...................................................8 2.2 The health care system (NHS) in the UK 9 2.2.1 Asymmetric informtion 9 2.2.2 Incentive problems 9 2.2.3 Market power of the health authority 10 2.24 Suggestions and solutions....................................................... 11 3. Conclusion 12 Reference List 12 Executive summary The main purpose of this report is to assess two approaches to health care, and briefly discuss market failures and the induced inefficiencies in them with the comprehension of applied microeconomics. This report will try to link the facts in health care provision with the essence of each health care system. Several practical proposals will be constructed. 1. Introduction Health care, as one of the most complicated public services, is an essential issue both in economic and social areas. The provision of health care is a matter of a whole nation’s welfare quality. In the contemporary world, there are two dominate but distinguishable health care systems. One is publicly provided...
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...Joyner Strayer University HSA 520- Health Information Systems March 15, 2015 Abstract Information technology failure is a hard thing for a business to deal with in the world of business. When IT failure occurs, the business has to worry about the faith that is lost from customers, vendors, banks, and whomever else having a small share in the business. Depending on the type of business, it could take months, even years for a business to recover from IT failure. However, in order for the business to bring themselves out of the IT failure, they must find the key factors that contributed to the failure, analyze the leadership team’s reaction to the failure, develop a custom application or select a proprietary system, adopt practices to avoid future IT failures, project metrics and portfolio management, and government intervention. Information Governance In December 2013, Sutter Health System in Northern California went through an IT software glitch that left them off network for nearly two days. “On August 26, at approximately 8am, the Epic EHR system failed, at which time nurses, physicians and hospital staff had no access to a patient information, including which medications were taking or required to take and all vital patient history data, according to reports from the California Nurses Association, part of National Nurses United, the largest nurses union in the U.S.”(Iijima 2012). As a result of EHR failure, the quality of patient care dwindles. Patients needing maintenance...
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...Clinician Provider Order Entry Implementation Health Care Information Systems HCS 483 September 02, 2013 Clinician Provider Order Entry Implementation Implementation Process Health care organizations look forward when starting the implementation process for information system implementation. Adding or upgrading health care systems is met with excitement and opposition from the employees who must use the system and adapt their current practice processes. Constructing a rollout period for the employees to train and get specific training for their job requirements is imperative to the success of the health system implementation. Employees knowledge of how to use the system is equally important to the implementation process as choosing and designing the program that is best for the organization. Roles and responsibilities The project or system champion is someone in the organization who is vested in the completion of the project. The champion’s role is to help obtain the buy-in of other physicians into the use of the new system and makes sure the physicians who will be using the system have adequate input in the selection process of how the new system will be used. The board of directors is the governing entity for the health care organization that approves the acquisition and implementation of a new system. The board of director’s role is to have a voice for the organization. Going forward the board needs to be involved in how the new system will affect the processes...
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...Implementation Failures Nicole Abbott Irene Augusto Carmen Chavez-Angulo Daniel Lucas Jamie Rossignol Health Care Information Systems / 483 February 15, 2016 Ricky Delatte IT Project Implementation Failures What is the typical IT implementation process? What are the roles and responsibilities involved in system implementation? How did the process described in the case study fail to include the fundamental activities identified in Ch. 8 of Health Care Information Systems? The process that was used regarding the Memorial Health System case was not thought out properly. In this case study, the fundamental activities that were not included are workflow and analysis of the system. One thing that the organization failed to do was to review and evaluate the current system before they tried to implement a new one. To determine what would have been needed, they should have had employees sit down and analyze to make it easier. An analysis of the system is one of the most important things that need to be done. The eight hospitals that had launched this new system had started it on the same day. Like everything else, new systems always have flaws. The failure to analyze lead to the lack of end-user training which made the requirements that were missed more obvious. Even though they did an analysis, it wasn’t a proper one. Doctors and nurses could not log on to enter their orders which lead to patients waiting for their medication and tests. Ch. 16 of Health Care Information...
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...ELDERLY HEALTH ISSUES Community Diagnosis: Developing Health Issues and Costs Western Governors University Community Diagnosis: Developing Health Issues and Costs A community can be any social group that has a common cultural and historical heritage. Every community has their own health issues that they have to deal with. Each community’s issue depends of several factors. Age, location, religion, and political views are just a few of the factors that affect most communities. Data needs to be collected and analyzed to formulate an appropriate community diagnosis. The community that I decided to conduct my research on is the geriatric community. Specifically I choose the group of elderly that ranges from ages 75 – 84. That group was selected because I feel like at this current time, they have the most health issues to deal with as well. Any type of health issue that an elderly person encounters, it affects them the hardest. Their activities of daily living are greatly impacted. Their strength and will to thrive are tested on a daily basis. Heart Disease and Diabetes are very common in this group of people. And many times those diseases are just the starting point as their condition may worsen or additional health issues may develop. After so many years, the body has gone through physical and mental challenges. By this time, the body begins to deteriorate and each elderly person struggles to recover compared to the other age groups. Besides health issues...
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...Memorial Health System CPOE Implementation Anthony Marshall Health System Care Information System/ HCS 483 27 October 2013 Kemuel Prince Memorial Health System CPOE Implementation Introducing a new system or a new method into an already effective system can make multiple challenges. In the area of health care information system these challenges range from unsupportive stakeholders to improve planning. Any number of challenges can lead to system implementing a new health care information system, having multiple opinions and different methods available can be an added bonus. However, or listening to these opinions or simply vetoing possible alternatives can have severe negative effects further down the road during the actual implementation process. IT Initiative Failures In the case study of Memorial Health Systems, factors such as lack of belief in implementing a Clinician provider order entry CPOE system factored into the failure of this project. Additional factors such as failure to respect the uncertainty of a project, underestimating the necessary resources or using a little resource as possible, a lack of candor, and not anticipating the possible disruptions that can be caused by implementing a new system can also lead to failure. When Memorial Health Systems began the project of implementing the CPOE system many of the physicians on staff felt that the CPOE would double his or her workload. One way to help the physicians on staff understand and believe in...
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...THE CASE FOR A MODEL OF CARE Contemporary health care systems are constantly challenged to revise traditional methods of health care delivery. These challenges are multifaceted and stem from: 1. novel pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments; 2. changes in consumer demands and expectations; 3. fiscal and resource constraints; 4. changes in societal demographics in particular the ageing of society; 5. an increasing burden of chronic disease; 6. documentation of limitations in traditional health care delivery; 7. an increasing emphasis on transparency and accountability, 8. evidence based practice (EBP) and clinical governance structures; and 9. the increasing cultural diversity of the community. These challenges provoke discussion of the necessity of developing services around a model of care. What do we mean by a model of care? Ambiguity exists in the literature, with the terms, model of care, nursing model, philosophy, paradigm, framework and theory often used interchangeably, despite referring to diverse, yet parallel concepts (Tierney 1998). In their recent review of the literature, the Queensland Government (Australia) reported that they found no consistent definition of ‘model of care’ (Queensland Health 2000). They concluded that a model of care is a multidimensional concept that defines the way in which health care services are delivered (Queensland Health 2000). More specifically, Davidson and Elliott...
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...IT Project Implementation Failures Shana Pardue HCS/483 July 18, 2011 Dr. Michael Solomon IT Project Implementation Failures “Many projects have been subject to considerable delay, increasing budget deficits, and in some cases, severely negative impacts on the quality and effectiveness of care” (Murray et al, 2011, p. 2). Memorial Health System (MHS) is dealing with lack of candor, lack of belief in the project, project complexity, inability to anticipate short-term disruptions, and lack of technology stability and maturity while implementing a clinician provider order entry (CPOE) system (University of Phoenix, n.d.). These potential failures can be avoided with proper planning and integration. Not realizing the complexity of the project is a failure that MHS made while implementing the CPOE program (Wager, Lee, & Glaser, 2009). MHS has eight hospitals with a minimum of 2,600 beds (University of Phoenix, n.d.). An alternate route to implementing into all eight sites at once would be to select one site to implement the program into. The needs at each site may be different due to locality and patients, so it would benefit all involved to handle each site separately. Lack of belief in the project is the next failure that MHS has dealt with (Wager, Lee, & Glaser, 2009). MHS has a lack of full support from the stakeholders (University of Phoenix, n.d.). “Projects that are viewed as illegitimate by a large portion of the people in an organization rarely succeed”...
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...Implementation Failures Marsha M. Alexander HCS/483 October 4, 2010 Kym Pfranks Implementation Failures Introducing a new system or a new method into an already effective system can meet multiple challenges. In the area of health care information systems these challenges range from unsupportive stakeholders to improper planning. Any number of challenges can lead to system implementation failure. Memorial Health Systems In the case study of Memorial Health Systems, factors such as lack of belief in implementing a Clinician Provider Order Entry (CPOE) system factored into the failure of this project. Additional factors such as failure to respect the uncertainty of a project, underestimating the necessary resources or using a little resources as possible, a lack of candor, and not anticipating the possible disruptions that can be caused by implementing a new system can also lead to failure. When Memorial Health Systems began the project of implementing the CPOE system many of the physicians on staff felt that the CPOE would double his or her workload. One way to help the physicians on staff understand and believe in the system would be to have an IT consultant address the staff and explain the CPOE as well as answer questions. Memorial Health Systems also under budgeted when the original implementation of the CPOE began. This may have been a result of rushed findings to hurry the implementation along. When implementing a new system of this magnitude...
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...Infrastructure Library (ITIL) standards and guidelines. ITIL is essentially a set of publications that together offers a framework of “best practices” management guidance for all aspects of IT services (Tan & Payton, 2010). This assignment will cover the ins and outs of when information technology fails within the health care organization. Research will be done to identify what the contributing factors are when failure occurs, and how it impacts the organization’s operations and the security of the information. Also the team’s reaction to the failure, as well as the measures taken by the leaders in dealing with the various stakeholders will be explored. Custom application and proprietary systems, along with project metrics and portfolio management for the insurance of operational efficiency and effectiveness will be discussed. Also a view of what the government has done to secure health care and patient information will be analyzed. Background story- A Florida health system experienced an IT network failure that rendered the organization’s $80 million Epic electronic medical record system to fail, the outage lasted nearly two days. The three-hospital Martin Health System (MHS) located in Stuart, Fla, reported a...
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...Legal and Ethical Practice Health care professionals are held to legal standards, as well as high standards of ethics which govern their practice. This chapter will introduce the student to the basics of health care ethics and legal practice. Ethics Ethics are the practices, beliefs, and standards of behavior that guide practice as health care professionals. Four basic ethical principles: Autonomy refers to the right to make one’s own decisions. Health care professionals must respect a patient’s or client’s right to make decisions, even when the professional disagrees with the decisions or it may not be in the client’s best interest. Nonmaleficence means to do no harm. This principle is the basis for most health care codes of ethics. Harm...
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...Access to health care is limited in the rural setting so it becomes imperative to educate the patient regarding their illness, treatments, management, medications and when to seek medical assistance. Providing this information to the patient and educating them, the patient is better able to self-manage their condition. Kouame (2010), identified the key challenges facing the rural population as: low population density, limited to no services, disproportionate numbers of elderly, low-income, and minorities, social isolation and a high incidents of chronic illnesses. Health promotion is defined as the process of enabling people to increase control over and improved their health. Improving health literacy is key in empowering the rural community...
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...Introduction Telenursing uses the technology for the nurses to do follow-up care with patients. The modern approach of follow-up care comforts the patient. Telenursing, the use of technology to allow nursing from a geographic distance, is used in many different settings including hospitals, home care, and other health related facilities. Telenursing is communicated via many different devices of technology. These are many different advantages in using telenursing rather than disadvantages. There are many different organizations involved in developing telenursing. Topic Availability This topic I chose was based on need of patient care. Our hospital is doing follow-up phone calls weekly to Congestive Heart Failure patients in order to reduce within thirty day of readmission. This phenomenon became interesting to understand how many places use tele communication. Doing the research, I discovered many different types of tele communications were available to community along with hospital setting. In searching for references, I started with wiki, google, scholarly journal, and blog but limited to scholarly journal only. As a professional nurse, I found that scholarly journal were more reliable and pertain to nursing. Also, scholarly journal talks about nursing informatics in how they use technology to assist in nursing care on continuum of patient care. The process used to locate source of information was Thomas Edison State College online library access. The keyword...
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...Analysis of Health Care Reform Ima Student Grand Canyon University: HCA 530 Month Day, Year Analysis of Health Care Reform Health care reform is a controversial topic that it is both political and emotional. The debate goes on about the Affordable Care Act (ACA) and its legality on both sides of the aisle. This paper will detail concerns about health care reform including cost, quality, and access. This paper will answer the question if the current health care system is a market failure that requires government involvement, will detail changes proposed from both political parties and will summarize elements needed for reform in health care. Health Care Cost, Quality, and Access Health care cost, quality, and access are central to health care reform. There is no surprise the expense of health care in the United States. In the year 2010 health care was 17.9% of the gross domestic product (GDP) and costs continue to rise (Hicks, 2014). In contrast, health care is 8.7% of the GDP in the United Kingdom (Hicks, 2014). There is much work to do in the United States to get and keep health care costs under control. Health care quality is increasingly important and the ACA has emphasized quality care. Health care organizations are incentivized to decrease infections in hospitals and provide better quality care. Payment from Medicare is being aligned with quality and increased patient satisfaction. If patients acquire hospital acquired infections during their hospital stay, it will...
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...confidence to their health care providers, which were normally stored in locked file cabinets, and on shelves in medical records department, now records are stored in data files and may be seen by hundreds of strangers in health service, insurance companies and any organization affiliated with health service. HIPPA Privacy Rule made it possible for all patients to see, copy and request to amend their own medical records. It provides federal protection for patient’s health information. With the Privacy Rule patients must be notify about who their medical information is disclosed to. Patients can also find out who access their medical records for the prior six years. Under the HIPPA Privacy Rule only minimum information should be disclosed to accomplish the intended purpose and a complaint can be filed if there is a violation of privacy. The Privacy Rule only applies to health plans, health care clearinghouses, and to any health care provider who transmits health information in electronic form in connection with transactions for which the Secretary of Health and Human Services has adopted standards under HIPAA. The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, was enacted on August 21, 1996. Sections 261 through 264 of HIPAA require the Secretary of Health and Human Services to publicize standards for the electronic exchange, privacy and security of health information. The Privacy Rule set a national standard for the protection of certain health information. The...
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