...------------------------------------------------- Economic terms and health care history Woody Johnson HCS/440 June 12, 2013 During history, health care economics has changed considerably. The main reason that stimulus change in health care economic are technology and medical care, however a lot has to do with evolutionary changes that the U.S. endured from the beginning. It is very essential to comprehend health care cash flow system and economic history. Administrators use this data to help organize the future of the corporation. In this paper, I plan to use the terms to elaborate on the history and evolution of health care economics and the timeline of finance. Before the year of 1990, there was not a significant health care in America. American medical association was just starting, individual were using home remedy to treat illnesses, physician was making house call and trade service for good, clinic were just getting started, and there were no such thing as health insurance. However, among the age of 1901 and 1940 health care and treatment made some significant change. Clinic became more necessary Antibiotics were found, improvements were made in cleanliness, and individuals came up with ideas for employment benefit. Also, individuals came up with ideas for health insurance. In the year of 1960 social security has been carried out, Medicare & Medicaid contracted into law, and Health Insurance Company were coming up all over (PBS, 1960). In the year of 1970, HMO came in effect, and the cost of health care...
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...Healthcare History Health Care History The United States health care system is currently getting ready to evolve tremendously through the organization, management structure, and payment structures. The economic component in health care is very important to understand in order to structure it successfully. This papers discusses the evolution of economics in the health care system and the structure of health care funding timeline. History and Evolution Health care economics presents an information framework were efficiency and equity goals are pursued. Furthermore, economics establishes a framework by maximizing benefits using resources at hand. Kenneth Arrow, the person responsible for mentioning the idea of health economics as a discipline, wrote an article titled “Uncertainty and the Welfare Economies of Medical Care” in 1963. The article discusses how the medical care industry benefits society compared to the “norm”. Furthermore, Mr. Arrow wrote about the significance of supply and demand. Arrow discussed that the average person has the characteristic of only seeking medical care when they are suffering from a critical injury or illness. Its not common for the average person to receive routine medical services on a regular basis. As Mr. Arrows discussed supply condition, he quoted “Entry to the health care profession is controlled by licensing. Licensing manages the supply which consequently increases the cost of medical care”. Medical care was...
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... | | |College of Natural Sciences | | |HCS/440 Version 5 | | |Economics: The Financing of Health Care | Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2005, 2004, 2002, 2000 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Course Description This course provides an overview of the economics of health care. The various payers are examined, including private, state, and federal entities. Issues such as the cost effectiveness of prevention, the management of patients and their diseases, as well as the cost of treatment settings are discussed. Third party reimbursement from various sources, ranging from for-profit insurance carriers to charitable donations, are reviewed. The health care system's use of grant funding and research dollars is described. Policies Faculty and students/learners will be held responsible for understanding and adhering to all policies contained within the following two documents: • University policies: You must be logged into the student website to view this document. • Instructor policies: This document is posted in the Course Materials forum. University policies are...
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...take for the world’s most powerful country to create a sustainable healthcare system? We have spent too many years with small reforms, ; we need big changes, and we need them soon. Healthcare has a long and detailed history in the United States. Since the beginning of the 20th century, it has been a major source of political debate. Both federal and state governments have made efforts in trying to take steps toward a universal health care system. Early reform poured the foundation for today’s government healthcare programs. The United States witnessed social movements that demanded access to the American dream. People who were viewed as second-class citizens banded together and demanded reform on their behalves. The largest of these movements was a demand for universal healthcare. American’s greatest issue was sickness and missing work. When working individuals missed work due to “sickness” they lost their wages. The loss of income made sickness the leading cause of poverty. Reformists saw a need for national healthcare and the campaign began. Health insurance that would protect the worker against wage loss and expenses incurred from medical treatment. In 1906, the American Association of Labor Legislation (AALL) became active in the push for national health care. They created a committee that concentrated on healthcare insurance, and in 1915 drafted a bill that gave limited coverage to the working class and to anyone that earned less than $1200 a year. This draft included sick...
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...Timeline: History of Health Reform in the U.S. VIEW: Early 1900's 1930 – 1934 1935 – 1939 1940 - 1945 1945 - 1949 1950 - 1954 1955 - 1959 1960 – 1964 1965 – 1969 1970 - 1974 1975 – 1979 1980 - 1984 1985 - 1989 1990 – 1994 1995 - 1999 2000 – 2004 2005 – 2009 2010 1912 Teddy Roosevelt and his Progressive party endorse social insurance as part of their platform, including health insurance. 1912 National Convention of Insurance Commissioners develops first model of state law for regulating health insurance. 1915 The American Association for Labor Legislation 1912 Teddy Roosevelt and his Progressive party endorse social insurance as part of their platform, including health insurance. 1912 National Convention of Insurance Commissioners develops first model of state law for regulating health insurance. 1915 The American Association for Labor Legislation Early 1900's 1921 Women reformers persuade Congress to pass the Sheppard-Towner Act, which provided matching funds to states for prenatal and child health centers. Act expires in 1929 and is not reauthorized. (AALL) publishes a draft bill for compulsory health insurance and promotes campaigns in several states. A few states show interest, but fail to enact as U.S. enters into World War I. The idea draws initial support from the AMA, but by 1920 AMA reverses their position. 1927 Committee on the Costs of Medical Care forms to study the economic organization of medical care. Group is comprised of economists...
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...of health insurance for powerless populations. The Medicaid program was introduced into law in nineteen sixty five, which is known as the Social Security Amendments Act. Before this law was passed, health care services for the under privileged were provided through several programs sponsored by the state and local governments, charities and community hospitals (Briggs, 2013). In the first program medical providers received payments, for medical services from the state on behalf of individuals who were receiving public assistance. The medical assistance program for the aged was created in nineteen sixty. This program was designed to help elderly individuals who didn’t qualify for public assistance, but was in need of assistance with medical expenses. The Medicaid program provides three types of medical protection coverage which include health insurance for low income families with children, and individuals with disabilities. Also offers long-term care for older American’s along with individuals who are considered disabled. The last coverage that was offered was a supplemental coverage for low-income Medicare beneficiaries whose services were not covered under their current plan like outpatient treatments, and prescription drugs (Briggs, 2013). Medicaid is a joint federal and state program. Every state establishes its own eligibility requirements, payments, benefits packages, and program administration under board federal guidelines. Hopefully with the Affordable Care Act...
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...Table of Contents Executive Summary Assessment/Diagnosis Results/Outcomes Evaluation of the Effort Discussion and Conclusion References Introduction: "Who so ever desires constant success must change his conduct with the times." When organizations encounter difficulties, mergers and organizational change is often what is used to solve the problems of the organization. Within recent years we have seen many technological developments that are really path breaking and changed our lifestyles in more than one way. With these types new inventions being made every day all organizations have to keep up with the times. Changes are occurring more often at a much faster pace today than they were 15 years ago. The reason that we are experiencing change in every sector today is, because of the increase of globalization and technological changes that are taken place. Since these types of increases have been made in recent years organizations are trying to work on the change pace. The most prevent change being made is organizations across an array of different industries are confronting fundamental change. “Managing Change” refers to the making of changes in a planned a managed or systematic fashion. The aim is to be more effectively implement new methods and systems in an ongoing organization. The changes that will be made when the change is implemented are controlled by the organization. The task of managing change includes managing its impact on people. Change...
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...Care Plan Elements of Hypertension Susan Salby American Sentinel University Care Plan Elements of Hypertension Worldwide, hypertension is the most common contributor to death of any medical risk factor. HTN contributes to the development of heart disease, heart failure, chronic renal failure requiring dialysis, stroke, peripheral vascular disease and cognitive decline. The risk of cardiovascular events doubles for every 20/10mmHg rise in blood pressure above 115/70mmHg. Untreated HTN causes progressive renal and vascular damage, eventually leading to a treatment resistant state. Hypertension is usually diagnosed and treated in the community. As this is largely an asymptomatic disease, particularly in its initial stages, compliance with treatment regimens can be problematic. Successful treatment of HTN relies on the patient establishing an ongoing therapeutic relationship with a trusted and knowledgeable health professional (Casey, 2011). Tools to manage care, such as clinical pathways, practice guidelines, and best practices have increased as the health care insurance industry has put more pressure on health care providers to improve care and provide more cost-effective care. These tools offer health care providers the opportunity to determine the best approaches to clinical problems based on current research and expertise (Finkleman, 2011). Best Practices Best practices are those treatments, procedures, tests, therapies and interventions that have consistently...
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...Geisinger Health Plan, Past and Present Geisinger Health Plan (GHP) is a rural, non-profit health plan in central Pennsylvania. They have been offering health insurance to the public since 1982. GHP has a long history of top notch customer service as well as a close relationship with its parent corporation, Geisinger Health System. This allows GHP to offer ‘sweet spot’ services, such as combined medical management services from both plan and practitioner. This approach keeps members feeling they get the best value for their dollar, it keeps the members healthy, and ultimately happy with the customer service they receive. As with Blue Cross and Blue Shield, GHP started its operation as merely a way to provide health insurance to physicians and staff of Geisinger Health System. Within a few years, however, the little health plan grew and the potential of opening GHP to the public was shortly realized. Dr. Howard Hughes was an emergency medicine physician and was then at the helm of the company. He fostered a family friendly environment, and quickly took GHP from private to public. During the beginning of his tenure, the employees of GHP rose from around 50 to 500. Dr. Hughes became Executive Vice President of GHP in the 90s and GHP continued to grow. Under Dr. Hughes’ management, the plan busted the seams with 250,000 members and over 1000 employees. However, in early 2000, Dr. Hughes fell ill and resigned. The building that was built for GHP employees was dedicated...
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...in the abdomen, a robotic arm is easier for the surgeon to use than the instruments in endoscopic surgery. The robot reduces the surgeon’s movements. The robot assistance reduces some of the hand tremors and movements that might otherwise make the surgery less precise. Robotic instruments can access hard-to-reach areas of your body more easily through smaller incisions compared to traditional open and laparoscopic surgery. This procedure is done under general anesthesia where you are asleep and pain free. The surgeon sits at a computer station nearby and directs the movements of a robot. Small instruments are attached to the robot's arms. Under the surgeon's direction, the robot matches the doctor's hand movements to perform the procedure using the tiny instruments. A thin tube with a camera attached to the end of it called an endoscope, allows the surgeon to view highly magnified three-dimensional images of your body on a...
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...Impacts of using day care facility on children due to maternal employment Methods of Business Research Submitted by Sumbal Syed MBA 14 14-1220 Research Title: Impacts of using day care facility on children due to maternal employment. Introduction In the past few years there has been an increase in trend for women to be pursuing a career, and hence, working mothers are bound to use daycare facilities to assist them in managing their children along with other responsibilities. These children therefore get a divided share of family/home atmosphere as being part of bringing up. As part of this research project, I shall study the impact of day care facility on the children of working mothers. Keywords: Maternal employment, Working mothers, impacts of external child care, daycare facility, child care, career oriented mothers, physiological health factors, personality development. Problem statement Our problem statement shall primarily be “The effect of using day care facility on child care due to maternal employment.” In simpler words, we shall study the impact of the use of day care facilities by working mothers and its effects upon the upbringing of children. Objectives There is a need to identify if this increasing trend is beneficial for the children in the long run or not. Thus, basic objective of the research shall be to conduct a study and conclude the following: 1. Identify their mental and physiological health factors affecting the children ...
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...Obama Timeline: The most powerful person in the world -Barack Hussein Obama, was born on August 4, 1961 in Hawaii -His parents divorced when he was 2 yrs old and after that in 1967 he moved to Jakarta, Indonesia to live with his mother -1971: when he returned to Honolulu to live with his grandparents and attended Punahou school, a private preparatory school. He was one of few black students in school and his classmate regarded him as “the black kid from Indonesia” -1975: while in high school, Obama joined the basketball team and became a leader in class. (I think he started leading people very young) However, during his teenage years, he described his struggles as a young adult to reconcile social perceptions of his multiracial heritage lead him to use alcohol, marijuana and cocaine. (At the 2008 Civil Forum on the Presidency, Obama identified his high-school drug use as a great moral failure) -1979: Obama attended Occidental College and here he made his 1st public speech, calling for Occidental’s disinvestment from South Africa due to its policy of apartheid (mid-1981). - He graduated Bachelor of Arts with the major in political science in Columbia University in 1983. -He worked as director of the Developing Communities Project (a church-based community organization). He helped set up training program, a college preparatory tutoring program. -Entering Harvard Law School in 1988 and becoming an editor and also a first black president of the Harvard Law review. ...
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...UNILEVER | DOVE SOAP | Product: Dove Soap Submitted By:Muhammad Shoaib 25021Bakhtawar Jabeen 20181Gufran Ahmed 24845Shabahat Naureen 24838Submitted to: Ms.Ayesha Aman | Acknowledgement ------------------------------------------------- Alhamdulillah, we are very grateful to the Almighty “ALLAH”, who have bestowed us the will to complete our assignment about “DOVE” which is connected to our scheme Principles of Marketing, Here, we would like to take this opportunity to express our highest gratitude and compliment to the people who are involved directly or indirectly in this report. In this report we examine the importance of the marketing strategies for the Unilever firm like DOVE. We have analysis of how a product’s sales are driven by brand name, weighted for market leadership, stability and ability to cross national borders. Beside, the product’s prices usually reflect its proper value in the eyes of the consumer. It’s always not a good idea that the strategy of offering lower prices is to penetrate the advantaged economies. Thank you to all people who are involved in making our report / assignment a successful one and may all your help and effort are blessed. We give honor and privilege to our respected resource person who helped us in thinking in the right direction by giving us this challenging task. JAZAKALLAH ------------------------------------------------- LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL 23rd MAY-2012 SUBJECT: SUBMISSION OF...
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...American Pop: Popular Culture Decade by Decade. Ed. Bob Bacthelor. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press 2009. 978-0-313- 34410-7. 4 vol. 1,604p. $375.00. Gr. 9-12. This four volume set gives students a broad and interdisciplinary overview of the many and varied aspects of pop culture across America from 1900 to the present. The volumes cover the following chronological periods: V 1. 1900-1929, V 2. 1930-1959, V 3. 1960-1989 and Vol. 4. 1990-Present. There is an Introduction for each volume focusing on the major issues during that period. There is a Timeline of events for the decade which gives extra oversight and content to the study of the period and an Overview of each dcade. Chapters focus on specific areas of pop culture (Advertising, Books, Entertainment, Fashion, Food Music and much more) supplemented with sidebars containing stories, photos, illustrations and Notable information. There are endnotes for each decade and a Resource Guide and Index. Volume 4 also contains a Cost of Products from 1900-2000, and an Appendix with Classroom Resources for teachers and students and a Cumulative Index. Students, teachers and the general reader will love sifting through the experiences of Americans as they easily follow the crazes, technological breakthroughs and the experiences of art, entertainment, sports and other cultural forces and events that influenced each generation. Reference– Popular Culture ...
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...Kulkarni Amritesh Saxena Neha Buruju Sanghamitra Barua Sangram Mishra 1. About Omron: History: Omron is a leading global supplier of sensors, control system components, advanced electronics and related services. It thrives on its ability to identify social needs and innovate. Omron was founded by Kazuma Tateisi an electrical engineer who started his career was at a hydroelectric plant for the Japanese government. Later in 1922, he was transferred to Inoue Electric Manufacturing Company only to quit the company in 1929 after the New York market crash. Being an inventor and innovator by nature he rented a factory in 1930 to produce his inventions and later in 1933 founded the Tateisi Electric Manufacturing Company. Tateisi Electric began with the production of X-ray timers and later moved into producing many other sensing products. Later in 1948, Tateisi began selling household products under the brand name “Omlon” and later adopted the name “Omron” in 1959 for easier pronunciation in foreign languages. Omron was known for multiple engineering firsts. Omron spent huge amount worth 4 times its capital on building an R&D laboratory in 1960. Omron was the western Japan competitor to eastern Japan’s Sony. Omron introduced various new and innovative products in the market. Some of them were vending machines capable of dispensing various items, ATM machines, and health devices like stress meter, automated traffic signal, fully automated train station and many more...
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