...Medical Out-of-Pocket Expenses, Poverty, and the Uninsured∗ Kyle J. Caswell† and Brett O’Hara SEHSD Working Paper 2010-17‡ U.S. Census Bureau Washington, D.C. December 29, 2010 Abstract The National Academy of Sciences (NAS) Panel on Poverty and Family Assistance argued that the current official U.S. poverty measure should be updated to capture changes in the population’s healthcare costs and needs; families with sufficiently high medical out-ofpocket (MOOP) expenditures may be ‘poor’ even though they are not counted as such. This research offers three distinct advances toward achieving the NAS recommendations as they concern MOOP spending. Firstly, this paper uses the newly collected MOOP expenditure data from the CPS ASEC, and analyzes its quality vis-` -vis alternative sources. Secondly, a poverty estimates that incorporate the MOOP spending data from the CPS ASEC are produced in such a way as to be consistent with the NAS recommendations. These direct estimates are an improvement over previous estimates, conditional on obtaining high-quality data, because modeling MOOP expenditures from other surveys is not needed. Third, this paper investigates how the distribution of MOOP expenditures, and the poverty estimates, change when it is assumed that the uninsured have the spending patterns of the insured. The main results are: 1) the new MOOP expenditure data is high quality; 2) incorporating observed MOOP expenditures increases the incidence of poverty across the population...
Words: 4481 - Pages: 18
...Research Database YOU SEARCHED : Affordable Care Act research topics 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 [...] Universal Health Care, A Moral Duty This 11 page research paper offers a current overview of the issues associated with the topic of universal healthcare provision and the Affordable Care Act (ACA). Universal health care as a moral and ethical duty is stressed. Bibliography lists 11 sources. Minimum Wage, Healthcare Reform A 3 page research paper that covers two topics. The first half of the paper presents the history of the federally mandated minimum wage, and the second half discusses the Supreme Court's announcement that it will rule on the constitutionality of the Affordable Care Act's required mandate for all Americans to purchase health insurance. Bibliography lists 2 sources. ESRD in NC, Access to Care for Underprivileged A 4 page research paper that examines the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) and how it impacts care for underprivileged patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD). Bibliography lists 2 sources. Health Care Changes Resulting from the PPACA In a paper of ten pages, the author writes about the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. The author of this paper considers four changes within health care as a result of the act including changes of private insurance, changes for the state regulations, the individual mandate provision, also age related coverage and preexisting conditions. There are three sources cited...
Words: 1182 - Pages: 5
...Running head: HEALTH CARE INDUSTRY PAPER Health Care Industry Paper Tanya James University Of Phoenix Online HCS/449 Capstone Group ID: BSDD148BE8 Karen Gibble Aug 04, 2012 Health Care Industry Paper The health care industry has been around for decades and has gradually started changing to improve the quality of care for patients, doctors and nurses. More specialty physicians, male nurses and hospitals have been built since 1900’s to now 2012. The first hospital in the United States was built in 1751 which we are in 2012 and has established a total of 5,754 hospitals. Within the changes and advances of the building and creating of health care industry a lot has changed. To begin with technology; how technology change the way the patients are cared for and the uninsured that is not being cared for because they do not have coverage. This paper will explain the changes in health care in the last ten years and also in the next ten years what to expect. How has health care changed in the last 10 years? In the last ten years health care has changed by new developments of technology being introduced. Health care insurance plans have also changed with the amount of uninsured that does not have coverage and the cost of premiums how it has increased and decreased within the last ten years. Health care organizations has been complying with the rules and regulations to keep up with changes of implementing the electronic medical records that the government has made it mandatory...
Words: 1603 - Pages: 7
...CONTROLLING HEALTH CARE COSTS WHILE PROMOTING THE BEST POSSIBLE HEALTH OUTCOMES American College of Physicians A White Paper 2009 Controlling Health Care Costs While Promoting the Best Possible Health Outcomes Summary of Position Paper Approved by the ACP Board of Regents, September 2009 What are the Major Drivers of Health Care Costs? Major drivers of health care costs include: inappropriate utilization especially of advanced medical technology, lack of patient involvement in decision-making, payment system distortions that encourage over-use, high prices for health care services, a health care workforce that is not aligned with national needs, excessive administrative costs, medical liability and defensive medicine, more Americans with declining health status and chronic disease, and demographic changes including an increase in elderly persons. This paper addresses each of these drivers of health care costs and provides recommendations for controlling them. Why Do We Need to Control Health Care Costs? Improvements in health care have the ability to provide opportunities for all people to live better, healthier lives. However, the rate of increase in U.S. spending on health care continues to exceed economic growth at an unsustainable pace. The rate of growth in health care spending is the single most important factor undermining the nation’s long-term fiscal condition. Why Should Controlling Health Care Costs be Linked to Promoting Good Health Outcomes? Increasing pressure...
Words: 26901 - Pages: 108
...Health Care Spending The current health care expenditures raise the eyebrows of many Americans in the United States because of the increasing costs of health care services. Government officials are taking steps to consider the medical needs of Americans. “Health expenditures in the United States neared $2.6 trillion in 2010, over ten times the $256 billion spent in 1980” (The Henry Kaiser Family Foundation, 2012, para 1). For Americans to understand the spending of health care, this paper will consider the current national health expenditures, if the spending is too much or not enough, where the nation should add or cut costs, and how the public receives payment for health care needs. In addition, the paper will provide a forecast and the importance of the future economic needs of the health care system, and envision how the needs of health care will receive financing. Health care expenditures are not only a burden for people but also are an overwhelming thought for the government to consider a health care reform. The impact of the recession caused many Americans to consider other ways to afford coverage for medical expenses and with the growing changes of the economy, Americans placed concern on health care spending and if it is affordable (The Henry Kaiser Family Foundation, 2012). According to the Henry Kaiser Family Foundation (2012) states, “Since 2001, employer-sponsored health coverage for family premiums have increased by 113%, placing increasing cost burdens...
Words: 1509 - Pages: 7
...like the changes made Medicare worst. The paper that I will be presenting today is about the new Medicare plan that the U.S. Congress passed in November of 2003. This paper will be answering a couple of important question, that will farther help one to understand what Medicare was like from when it was first established in 1965, until the new changes came into effect November 2003. And the question will be answered in the following order. 1. Why was it deemed necessary to change Medicare? The reason why changes were deemed necessary in Medicare was because seniors began to notice that the medication that they needed for their health was becoming too costly for them to buy from the pharmacy. And this made the legislation wanting to change Medicare in order to make health care plans for the elderly more affordable, and the second reason was to cut the overall spending of Medicare, because it is said that the way it look if Medicare don’t reduce its spending, it will come to an end in the year of 2026(www.medicalnewtoday.com). 2. What was the main provision of the New Legislation? The new legislation main provision is to make it so that the seniors can afford their medicine that the need for their health, a choice of individual health plan that the participants can choose from, another provision was to give the participant a chose to choose what doctor, hospital where they will like to visit, and the opportunity to have coverage for disease...
Words: 986 - Pages: 4
...Health Care Spending HCS/ 440 Health Care Spending In our society today, heath care is one of the top major concerns within the United States. Many individuals do not always agree with the decisions made for health care, the more concerned issues are the increase and where the money will be coming from to pay the costs of increase. Patient’s costs has doubled more in the U.S than any other country along with leaving some people without health care. This paper will discuss health care expenditures, as well as spending is too much or not enough. This paper will also discuss whether or not the nation should add or cut in certain areas and why. How the public need for health care are financed and the percentage of expenditures they represent. Lastly, I will provide future economic needs of the health care system along with reasoning for addressing these needs, and envisions for financing these needs. The spending for health care uses a great deal of the economy revenue, the national studies that have been completed within the past decade clearly shows many U.S citizens will have to make decisions that are disconcerting based on their ability to obtain affordable health care. As health care cost has been on the rise for many years. The expenditures in the United States to health care rose above $2 trillion in 2008. This has affected many families and businesses as well as the budget for the public. Health care spending cost are increasing at a more rapid rate than the economy...
Words: 1343 - Pages: 6
...insurance. Healthcare coverage insurance is a way of method to apply for medical coverage when you are sick, has an injury or to help use for preventative health measures. Medicaid is a form of health insurance coverage that is provided to most individual in most states whom is eligible for it. It provides coverage to a many low-income families. An important issue that is going on in this day and time is that universal health insurance coverage will have to be mandated for everyone, by way of method through private insurance, through state or by means of your employer. By means of having your own insurance coverage will provide for a lot families to make their own informed decision about their health coverage. Healthcare coverage will be expanding and have affordable coverage for lower-income families in the upcoming future. There a variety forms of healthcare coverage which is available out there for the old, young and disable. There are also forms of insurance for the rich (high class), middle class and the low income class. Just to name a few are: Medicaid, which is provide through federally-funds, Medicare which provides coverage to people over the age of 65 and those with disabilities. Health Saving Account and preferred provider organization. There is also insurer like Blue Cross Blue Shield, which is available through employee benefit, was one the first private health insurer. Available out there is also Disability insurance, which is a form of coverage that is paid to...
Words: 1039 - Pages: 5
...examining the determinants of health care expenditures, thereby offering suggestions regarding what variables can be influenced to reduce the health care expenditures. One Canadian researcher, Livio Di Matteo, did many studies on the determinants of Canadian health care expenditures. In Livio Di Matteo and Rosanna Di Matteo (1998), they used a pooled time-series cross-section model and provincial data over the period 1965-1991 to examine the determinants of real per capita provincial government health expenditure, finding that the real per capita provincial government health expenditures were positively and significantly affected by real provincial per capita income, the...
Words: 2658 - Pages: 11
...Health Care Expenditures in the United States Dekenia Lockhart HCS 440 April 23, 2012 Steve Linerode Health Care Expenditures in the United States Introduction The topic of healthcare spending in the United States (U.S.) is a controversial one, and most often, the populations’ opinions doesn't always agree with those of policymakers. Getting health care spending under control is vital for the economic health of the government and the people of the United States. What makes healthcare expenditures so disgraceful is the large amount of money the government spends on healthcare each year versus the number of people without health care. The amount of money the U.S. government spends on health care each year doubles that of any other nation. Despite the large amount of government spending, a large percentage of Americans have no healthcare coverage. This shows inefficiency in the system that needs immediate attention. The purpose of this paper is to explain healthcare expenditures suggest changes for the future that are necessary for Americans to receive reasonably priced health care. Current level of national healthcare expenditures The current level of national healthcare spending is at an all time high and expected to steadily climb. The U.S. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) explain that National Health Expenditures (NHE) “rose 4.0% to $2.5 trillion in 2009, or $8,086 per person, and accounted for 17.6% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP)” (The...
Words: 1534 - Pages: 7
...Health Care Spending “More health care is not always better health care” (OECD, 2013, para. 2) Throwing money at the current health care system won’t necessarily help or solve the present-day crisis. The United States is #1 in the world in per capita health care spending yet our life span is not the longest or of the highest quality (OECD, 2011). This paper will overview the current and future health care programs, how they are currently financed and in the future, and how we can decrease spending. There are many methods to look at how healthcare expenditures are calculated. The CDC (Centers for Disease Control) tells us that in 2011 the US federal government spent $2.7 trillion or 17.9% of GDP (Gross Domestic Product) on healthcare expenditures (Canadian Institute of Health Information, 2013). This is broken down as hospital care 31.5%, LTC (long term care) 5.5%, physician fee and clinic visits 20% and prescriptions 9.1%. By comparison in Canada, $211 billion was spent representing 11.6% of GDP (Canadian Institute of Health Information, 2013). Of course it is probably unfair to compare the two countries. Canada, with a population of 35 million is closer to the state of California, at 38 million (United States Census Bureau, 2013). The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) is made up of 34 countries that “use its wealth of information on a broad range of topics to help governments’ foster prosperity and fight poverty through economic growth and financial...
Words: 1423 - Pages: 6
...HEALTH INSURANCE POLICY PROCEDURE Name: Institution: Date: Introduction Many families are unable to afford the high cost of health insurance. These families are living without essential provision of good health. The American citizens when they visit hospital and are diagnosed with major illnesses, are hampered with a huge debt, they are left with worry and pain of figuring out how to pay it. This issue still remains part of a huge political debate in the government. The increasing insurance cost has even affected organizations and private sectors where lesser of these organizations are offering health insurance to their employees. It is the citizens who are left to suffer (WHO 2012). Problem Analysis 47 million Americans have no health insurance coverage, which would account for around 18,000 premature deaths per year (Robinson 2007). United States hast the highest spending in the world yet, among the 30 nations that make up Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD), United States on most health indicators ranks near bottom (Robinson 2007). Health Provision is the primary goal for any hospital. This paper seeks to design a policy and procedure that can be implemented in hospital to address this issue. According to a federal report on health care quality released in July 2012, The 2011 State Snapshots report based on key health indicators such as cancer...
Words: 1043 - Pages: 5
...Health Care Spending HCS 440 Economics: The Financing of Healthcare Class Group: BSEW1GQMZ5 University of Phoenix Online Instructor: Geoffrey J. Suszkowski, Ph.D., LFHIMSS 05/11/2015 Health Care Spending “In 2013 U.S. health care spending increased 3.6 percent to reach $2.9 trillion, or $9,255 per person, the fifth consecutive year of slow growth in the range of 3.6 percent and 4.1 percent. The share of the economy devoted to health spending has remained at 17.4 percent since 2009 as health spending and the Gross Domestic Product increased at similar rates for 2010 - 2013”("National Health Expenditures 2013 Highlights," 2013). The cost of health care spending greatly affects the way that individuals budget their spending. It is important the economy can adjust accordingly to individuals about whether health care spending is too much or not enough. Current Level of National Healthcare Spending The topic of healthcare spending in the United States is a controversial one, and most often, the populations' opinions doesn't always agree with those of policymakers. Getting health care spending under control is vital to the economic health of the government and the people of the United States. What makes healthcare expenditures so disgraceful is the large amount of money the government spends on healthcare each year versus the number of people without health care. The amount of money the U.S. government spends on health care each year doubles that...
Words: 1810 - Pages: 8
...Improving Quality and Value in the U.S. Health Care System By: Niall Brennan, Nicole Cafarella, S. Lawrence Kocot, Aaron McKethan, Marisa Morrison, Nadia Nguyen, Mark Shepard and Reginald D. Williams II Share on email Share on twitter Share on facebook Share on linkedin More... Share on google_plusone_share Share on stumbleupon Share on reddit Share on print Executive Summary The U.S. health care system faces significant challenges that clearly indicate the urgent need for reform. Attention has rightly focused on the approximately 46 million Americans who are uninsured, and on the many insured Americans who face rapid increases in premiums and out-of-pocket costs. As Congress and the Obama administration consider ways to invest new funds to reduce the number of Americans without insurance coverage, we must simultaneously address shortfalls in the quality and efficiency of care that lead to higher costs and to poor health outcomes. To do otherwise casts doubt on the feasibility and sustainability of coverage expansions and also ensures that our current health care system will continue to have large gaps — even for those with access to insurance coverage. There is broad evidence that Americans often do not get the care they need even though the United States spends more money per person on health care than any other nation in the world. Preventive care is underutilized, resulting in higher spending on complex, advanced diseases. Patients with chronic diseases such as hypertension...
Words: 3426 - Pages: 14
...Title: What is the healthcare prospect for indigent population in Florida? According to the Department of Health and Human Services (2015), despite alarmists, there is sufficient evidence to support the benefits of federal financial assistance on for the economy. With this fact in mind, Group 7 will focus our research on three programs that are critical to the indigent population of Florida. They are as follows. Government services, including Medicaid, the State Children’s Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) and Accessing Community Care through Eastside Social Services (ACCESS). These programs enable eligible low-income individuals and their families to seek medical assistance reducing uncompensated care and hospital costs. The primary source of funding for uncompensated care is government dollars. The government collects taxes to fund various public services. American taxpayers have every right and should be concern about how the money is being spent. Controlling tax expenditures poses a major concern especially when considering reducing deficit as well as reducing taxes for Americans. The federal government is by far the largest funder of uncompensated care. In 2013, the federal government provided $32.8 billion (61.5 percent) to help providers cover costs associated with caring for the uninsured. State and localities are the second largest, providing another $19.8 billion; the private sector is estimated to contribute $0.7 billion (Caswell, Coughlin, Holahan, & McGrath...
Words: 1745 - Pages: 7
