...smoky environment, a child in a smoke filled car, for example, would be trapped with no hope or realistic ability to escape the situation. Smoke free citizens have pressed legislators for years to make their work and public environments smoke free. Smoking cigarettes is now illegal in government buildings, and many bars and restaurants nationwide and yet only six states have laws making it illegal to smoke in a car with a minor present. Shouldn’t minors be afforded the same liberties we adults demand for ourselves? I have struggled in my opinion on smoke free legislation for some time now. As a libertarian who appreciates the least government involvement possible, I support the freedom we have to smoke in bars and casinos in Las Vegas. These are adult only environments and as adults we have the choice to engage in the lawful behaviors we see fit. However, as a pediatric nurse who witnesses childen suffering from passive smoking, I can confidently state that parents, healthcare workers, and anyone in support of protecting children, smokers included, need to be in support of this legislation. A few of the things I believe this legislation would do if passed nationwide would be to: increase awareness of the harm of passive smoking to children, decrease children’s incidences of...
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...describing the tobacco tax issue in the United States. The first part of the paper defines the tax issue and gives a brief history of the tobacco excise tax. The second section discusses the stakeholders and an analysis of the issue. And lastly, I describe my policy perspective. The Tobacco Tax Issue Is taxation on tobacco an effective means of decreasing the smoking rate or is it just an elaborate ploy to increase taxes by playing on voter emotions? The message is clear and has been etched in our minds over the years; tobacco kills. Tobacco and secondary tobacco products kill an estimated 440,000 Americans per year. Over the past several decades, state and local governments have passed tobacco excise taxes and other laws regulating the use of tobacco. But who is actually behind the legislature? First Tobacco Tax Tax on tobacco was first implemented by Alexander Hamilton, secretary of the treasury, in 1794 (Altman, 2009). The tax was soon repealed, but excise taxes have been a staple in federal revenues since the American Civil War. In 1921, Iowa successfully passed the first state tax on tobacco, with many states to follow. Not only does the federal government and state governments tax tobacco, but now city municipalities are also imposing a local tax on tobacco (Altman, 2009). But what is the current tobacco tax about? There are several sides to the argument, as is the case in most taxes. Advocates of the tobacco tax argue that...
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...The Suing of Tobacco Companies Try to imagine six million people. Six million people are equivalent to the number of Jewish people who died in the holocaust. Six million people are equivalent to five times the number of Americans who have died in all the wars combined. As a society this number is viewed as outrageous and unacceptable, yet every single year six million people die from tobacco related illnesses and for some reason this number is not seen as ridiculous when these deaths are attributed to tobacco related illnesses as when they are due to war and genocide. How can any substance that produces such mass death ever be distributed and produced legally? Well, many have begun to think the same way and have embarked on the long and arduous journey to attempt to sue tobacco distributers. But these large companies have fought back with a vengeance, and so the debate has arisen whether or not people should be able to sue big tobacco companies. People not only have the right to sue, but should sue tobacco companies for a multitude of lawless acts, for pain and suffrage, and as well as for the economic losses many have suffered. The first thing that comes to my mind when I think of big tobacco companies is my beloved uncle. He tragically passed away three years ago from gun disease. My uncle Anthony had been an avid chewer since he was 16 years old. At a very early age he had become a slave to his addiction to chewing tobacco, this addiction ended his life. With the passing...
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...by HB 5727? A: No. 1. Tobacco farmers have already been switching to more profitable and suitable crops like corn, garlic and tomato. 2. The tobacco industry is considered a “sunset industry” due to the declining land use and crop production. 3. The bill provides that 15% of the incremental tobacco revenues to support alternative livelihoods for the farmers. Q smuggling? intensify : Will HB 5727 A: Not necessarily. 1. The root cause of smuggling is not high prices per se, but lack of political will, corruption and poor law enforcement. 2. There have been many countries like China, Spain and Canada that have successfully curbed smuggling in spite of a tax hike – and this was possible due to strong government commitment. Q: Why is there a need to increase the tax rates significantly? A: First, the current tax rates have proven to be ineffective in curbing cigarette and alcohol consumption. “Enjoying” one of the cheapest cigarettes in the region has led to high cigarette consumption. Currently, 240 Filipinos die daily because of smoking-related diseases. Second, the Philippines is a party to the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, the first international health treaty where we pledged to reduce smoking prevalence from 28.3% at present to 25% by 2014. Third, the sin taxes have already been “frozen” for 16 years due to the price classification freeze. The significant tax increase is an attempt to pay for the large health and economic costs (minimum of P188 billion...
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...liberation. The topic of legalizing marijuana has been on a rise over the last couple of years, especially in Canada. According to Statistics Canada, they conducted a Canadian Community Health Survey – Mental Health (CCHS – MH) in 2012 that “12.2% of Canadians aged 15 or older (3.4 million) used marijuana in the past year” (Langlois and Rotermann). Over the years, smoking marijuana has become more and more of a ‘leisure activity’ amongst many young adolescents and teenagers. Whether or not society realizes, by participating, it has situated biased perceptions towards narcotics, strained their social relationships and triggered physiological effects on themselves. The majority of adolescents participate because of peer pressure. Regrettably, the innocent fifteen year old teen does not realize how detrimental smoking marijuana is after it is done once. Whereas, adults smoke marijuana because they are not able to escape their addiction therefore they partake in smoking marijuana to escape their reality. Prohibiting marijuana is a detrimental to their mental abilities, their health and the government. The prolonged misconception that smoking marijuana carries little to none health effects has been proven wrong by many doctors, scientists and researchers. Many users and pro-marijuana movements are under the impression that marijuana is not an addictive drug. After committing to smoking marijuana for the first time, the addiction is let off its leash. Recent studies has proven that marijuana...
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...Smoke-Free Ontario Strategy Evaluation Report Ontario Tobacco Research Unit November 2012 Smoke-Free Ontario Strategy Evaluation Report Suggested Citation: Ontario Tobacco Research Unit. Smoke-Free Ontario Strategy Evaluation Report. Toronto: Ontario Tobacco Research Unit, Special Report, November 2012. Ontario Tobacco Research Unit ii Smoke-Free Ontario Strategy Evaluation Report Acknowledgements Many people were involved in the preparation of this report. Key authors are Robert Schwartz, Shawn O’Connor, Alexey Babayan, Maritt Kirst, and Jolene Dubray. Marilyn Pope, David Ip, Pamela Kaufman, and Marian Smith provided editorial comments on an earlier draft and Sonja Johnston provided production assistance. The interpretation and opinions expressed in this report are the responsibility of the Principal Investigators of the Ontario Tobacco Research Unit (OTRU): Susan Bondy, University of Toronto K. Stephen Brown, University of Waterloo Joanna Cohen, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, University of Toronto Roberta Ferrence, University of Toronto, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health John M. Garcia, University of Waterloo Paul McDonald, University of Waterloo Robert Schwartz, University of Toronto, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Peter Selby, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto Ontario Tobacco Research Unit iii Smoke-Free Ontario Strategy Evaluation Report Table of Contents Acknowledgements...
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...Philip Morris International (PMI), the global leader in tobacco products, is currently experiencing risks to its profitability and future operations, particularly from increasing taxes and prohibitive public policy. PMI must balance strategies which address the heightening involvement of western governments in the tobacco industry with the growth opportunities in developing markets. The following outlines the three most significant risks facing PMI and identifies existing strategies in comparison to competitors. The first significant risk facing PMI is government restrictions on advertising. Governments globally are increasingly restricting the means by which PMI can actively market to consumers. As a result, the branded tobacco industry has been limited to select sponsorship and online marketing efforts. The latest restriction involves mandating plain packaging. Australia is set to become the first country to introduce plain packaging for cigarettes in December 2012, thereby eliminating a critical brand marketing vehicle for the industry, a precedent that will have worldwide repercussions. Such measures are anticipated to expand to other regions, which restrict PMI’s ability to launch new (and differentiated) brands and to command a premium price. In the event that the tobacco product industry becomes a commodity market, with no way to differentiate other than price, production cost-reduction initiatives will serve to partially mitigate against the risk to profitability. In...
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...Term Paper For B.B.A(Hon's) Second Year Course Netrakona Govt. College Department of Management Topics : Taxes on Tobacco in Bangladesh Date : Letter of Transmittal Date: 25/04/2014 A.K.M. Khairul Hasan Lecturer Department of Management Netrakona Govt. College Netrakona Subject: Submission of Term paper on Taxes on Tobacco in Bangladesh" Sir, This is my pleasure to submit this term paper on "Taxes on Tobacco in Bangladesh" under the Supervisor. A.K.M Khairul Hasan. I have done my level best to completed Term paper in time. The whole experience of this Term paper enables me to get an insight in to the real life situation. I have really enjoyed working in this field this Term paper prepared by me as a fundamental issue. I hope This Term paper will enable to find out real scenario of on existing Tues or tobacco in Bangladesh. I would like to thank you for your supportive suggestion and helping me to carry on this study. With out your direct helps this term paper would not be prepared by me. Abdul Aziz Roll No: 9822765 Registration No: 1800488 Session: 2010-2011 B.B.A (Hons.) Second year Class Roll: 227 Netrakona Govt. College Netrakona. Author's Declaration of Originality I hereby certify, that I am the sole author of this Term paper on "Taxes on Tobacco in -Bangladesh". it is prepared for a partial fulfillment of BBA degree. To the best of my knowledge my Term paper does not infringe upon anyone's copyright nor violate any proprietary rights. Any...
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...` Public Smoking Bans Maria Robbins Ivy Tech Community College ENGL 111-JOF-Research Paper Cooper-3830 November 4, 2013 Abstract The smoking ban has caused smokers to adjust their smoking behavior. Public places have banned the smokers from smoking inside their businesses. The smoking ban has caused smokers to make choices. This has decreased their smoking and some have been able to quit completely. Still there are people who have smoked their whole life and have chosen not to stop smoking. Smokers do not have the freedom to smoke in public places that they once had. The public smoking ban has been the center of debates, because smokers feel it is their right to smoke when and where they want. The non-smokers want to be able to go out and enjoy a smoke-free environment. Public Smoking Bans Public smoking has been a right the smoker has had for years. Only in recent years has the public smoking ban law been put in affect. It took many years of debating over the fact if smoking in public should be ban. Smoking is an individual choice, and it is an activity that is absolutely legal. However, some states have passed laws to prohibit the activity in public and in workplaces. This legislation has been the focus of many debates in statehouses and city-county councils throughout the country. The smoking bans forces a smoker to not be welcome to smoke freely in public. For years the non-smoker had to deal with going out to...
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...OKEKE OBINNA * HEALTH SCI * PHYSIOLGY * AFE 101 THE LEADING CAUSE OF DEATH AMONG YOUTH IN 21ST CENTURY. Key facts * Tobacco kills up to half of its users. * Tobacco kills nearly six million people each year, of which more than 5 million are users and ex users and more than 600 000 are nonsmokers exposed to second-hand smoke. Unless urgent action is taken, the annual death toll could rise to more than eight million by 2030. * Nearly 80% of the world's one billion smokers live in low- and middle-income countries. * Consumption of tobacco products is increasing globally, though it is decreasing in some high-income and upper middle-income countries. Leading cause of death, illness and impoverishment The tobacco epidemic is one of the biggest public health threats the world has ever faced. It kills nearly six million people a year of whom more than 5 million are users and ex users and more than 600 000 are nonsmokers exposed to second-hand smoke. Approximately one person dies every six seconds due to tobacco and this accounts for one in 10 adult deaths. Up to half of current users will eventually die of a tobacco-related disease. Nearly 80% of the more than one billion smokers worldwide live in low- and middle-income countries, where the burden of tobacco-related illness and death is heaviest. Tobacco users who die prematurely deprive their families of income, raise the cost of health care and hinder economic development. In some...
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...Tobacco is one of the world’s largest consumer goods industries despite pressuring environmental forces that try to diminish its market share. It has a long withstanding global history as a profitable business model rooted on a leisure activity. The use of tobacco first started to spread in the late 15th century after a crewman aboard the Christopher Columbus voyage noticed Cuban natives igniting and inhaling smoke from dried tobacco leaves. News returned to Spain, spreading the smoking experience, which lead to the production of the world’s first cigar. By the 1600’s the use of Tobacco reached much of Europe, Asia, Africa and North America. Although paper cigarettes were developed around the same time as cigars, the first push for factory production came in 1881 with the issuance of a patent for a cigarette rolling machine that could produce 120,000 units daily. By 1944, there were roughly 300 billion cigarettes produced annually.[i] However, the industry would take a turn in 1964 when the Surgeon General of the United States reported the dangers and health risks of cigarette smoking. The tobacco industry has been combating consumer health awareness, governmental restrictions and taxes, and anti-smoking lobbying despite increased profitability ever since its introduction to the global market. Estimates place the current industry revenue at $465BN and gross profit at $280.3BN for 2010. After taxes the estimated net profit will account for approximately 8.5% of...
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...CHAPTER 1 The Problem and Its Background Introduction Tobacco smoking or cigarette smoking is the practice of burning cigarette, taking the smoke into the mouth and then releasing it. This practice dates back as early as 5,000 – 3,000 B.C. but was introduced to Eurasia in the late 17th century where it has also been a commonly traded product. The practice received speculations and a lot of criticisms since it was first introduced but it somehow made its way inside the society and became widespread upon the invention of automated cigarette-rolling apparatus. The tobacco has been first introduced to other countries before reaching the Philippines. The idea of smoking tobacco first came from the Arawak Indians in 1492 that was noticed by Christopher Columbus. Seven years later, Amerigo Vespucci found out that the inhabitants in an island near Venezuela have already been practicing chewing dried leaves. In 1591, Mexico has already been growing tobacco at an increasing rate. It was believed that the tobacco was introduced by the Spaniards and Portuguese to mainland Europe, East Indies and Asia while they are on an expedition for searching for spices and spreading Christianity. Cigarette smoking became one of the highly sought after vice in the Philippines because of the affordable price of each stick ranging from seventy-five centavos to 2 pesos each, depending on its brand. The Philippine government came up with an idea of increasing the taxes imposed upon alcoholic...
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...The Economics of Addiction 2 The Economics of Addiction Individuals are increasingly becoming more intellectual and more advanced to the many forwarding changes in society, yet humans are still subject to make immature decisions. Immature in the sense they lack cognitive moral development, the stages of maturity in terms of making ethical decisions, and this lets their flexible minds be influenced and persuaded negatively. Drinking alcohol, smoking cigarettes, and using drugs are a large part of these negativities. However, these individuals do not lack rational thought. One can be persuaded out of addiction and also one can be persuaded into addiction. Therefore, individuals can rationally choose to become addicted, and according to the increase in addiction rates over the last 50 years, they have. The reasons however, are different depending on the age group. The age groups that will be focused on are baby busters and echo boomers. Each of this age groups have progressed to certain stages in life where rational thought has been renovated. Therefore the idea of addiction can seem to be an appropriate compromise to an individual. Baby busters and echo boomers are often the generations that are associated with abusing alcohol, cigarette, and drug usage. These are generations that include pre- and early post-adulthood which have shown to be experimental with the many dangerous risks in life. The reasoning behind their rational thinking has been studied by many scientists...
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...NJ122 “Public Health Assignment” Oliver Stacey September 08 Public Health and Professional Practice – Smoking This essay aims to describe the epidemiology of smoking. The essay is going to notify the nurse’s role into promoting public health. I choose the topic of smoking due to the realisation of how many patients were smokers on the day surgery ward, which my placement was held. Today, tobacco consumption is recognised as the UK’s single greatest cause of preventable illness and early death with more than 114,000 people dying each year from smoking-related diseases including cancers (Canceresearchuk.org). Smoking also causes a substantial amount of cost to the NHS (National Health Service) every year. Rather than on health on an individual, public health focuses on health and disease in populations or communities as a whole (Ewles, Simnett 2003). Although there has been a decline of smoking, which could be due to a number of things, for example the smoking ban placed in the United Kingdom, smoking still sets high figures of deaths around the world. Around 90% of lung cancer cases are caused by tobacco smoking and, in addition, the 2002 IARC Working Group stated that tobacco smoking can also cause cancers of sites such as the stomach, pancreas, liver, lower urinary tract etc, (Cancerresearchuk.org). Smoking also costs the NHS £1.4 - £1.7 billion per year, (DOH, 2005). This in hand affects the role of the nurse, as smoking must always be evaluated when nursing...
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... 2) Environmental Issues 3) Primary Prevention/Health Promotion 4) Secondary Prevention/Screenings for a Vulnerable Population Planning Before Teaching: Name and Credentials of Teacher:Elisa Lisella | Estimated Time Teaching Will Last:30 mins | Location of Teaching:Trillium Health Partners | Supplies, Material, Equipment Needed:Projector | Estimated Cost:0 | Community and Target Aggregate:Pulmonary Rehab Population (includes: COPD; Emphysema, etc) | Topic:SMOKING CESSATION: Making a difference in the life of a smoker. | Epidemiological Rationale for Topic (statistics related to topic): * Tobacco is the #1 risk factor for preventable death and disease in Canada * 7 Million canadians smoke; 45,000 die every year * economic burden is high * tobacco contributes to chronic diseases & exacerbations (i.e: COPD). Nursing Diagnosis: Readiness for Self Help Management, secondary to decision to quit smoking and reduce COPD exacerbations. Readiness for Learning: Identify the factors that would indicate the readiness to learn for the target aggregate. Include emotional and experiential readiness to learn. * Are you a smoker who is interested in quitting in the next month? * Are you willing to set a QUIT date? * If, yes, would you like to enroll in the Ontario Government’s FREE Quit Smoking Program? * Are you interested in learning more about the FREE Quit Smoking Program? Learning Theory to Be Utilized: Explain how...
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