...Problem Statement The survey items are constructed to establish the quality of life, housing cleanliness and health issues associated with the target population. This has been done by aligning the survey questions with the objectives of the research (Mugenda & Mugenda, 2003). These objectives are: to establish the level of cleanliness of the target population, to determine the effect of low income on quality of housing and housing disrepair in the target population, and to determine effect of cleanliness and pest infestation on health of the target population. Appropriateness and Level of Measurement of Survey Items The survey items are appropriate for this study as they will easily describe the targeted characteristics of the entire target population. The survey items are feasible for administration to a large sample, which will make the data collected to be statistically significant. Also, the questions will allow standardization, which will make measurement easy and precise (Maxwell, 1996). Standardization will be done through adopting uniform definitions of variables. The first survey item concerning the ethnicity of the respondent is in the nominal level of measurement. The importance of this question is primarily to gather the demographic data of the respondent. This question will enable the researcher to confirm if he/she is reaching the target population. The second questionnaire about the number of children in the family is in the ratio level of measurement. This...
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...METABICAL CASE STUDY REPORT INTRODUCTION Excess weight had become a big crisis in the US, affecting about 65% of the adult population leading to different kinds of health complications. In the past, several manufacturers had introduced various weight loss products like over-the-counter (OTC) drugs, herbal products, supplementary fad diets, etc. All of these have proven to be unsuccessful because of their ineffectiveness, severe side effects and lack of credibility among consumers. At this juncture, Barbara Printup, the Senior Marketing Director of Cambridge Sciences Pharmaceuticals (CSP) wants to introduce CSP’s newest revolutionary prescription drug, Metabical. It is the only FDA approved prescription drug for overweight people, which has minimal side effects and long term benefits. PURCHASING DECISION MAKING PROCESS (Q1) The communication strategy of Metabical targets both the health care provider and the consumer. Depending on the initiators there are two different purchase decision processes in the purchase of Metabical for the overweight problem. 1. For Customer: a. Problem identification: The various health awareness programs, BMI table etc help a health conscious or beauty conscious individual to identify the overweight problem. b. Information search: Once the problem is identified the individual decides on the course of action. He/She may decide to either ignore the problem or work on it. Metabical is interested in the group of individuals who are ready to...
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...Introduction: Health outcomes refer to the changes in the health status of individuals or the population. The outcomes are attributed to multiple or planned interventions, whether or not the intention of the intervention was to alter the health status. These interventions include health services and programs including health promotion programs, government policies, laws and regulations, and consequent programs. Intervention may also include unintended or intended health outcomes of government policies in areas besides health. Health outcomes are evaluated by health indicators (World Health Organization, 1998). Health indicators are a single measure, represented quantitatively, that encapsulates an important aspect of health, such as the amount people suffering from a chronic disease. It also captures a variety of health determinants such as income, or the important aspects of the health care system, such as the proportion of patients who revisit the hospital for additional care following previous treatment (World Health Organization, 1998). These indicators can be used to describe a public health concern at a specific point in time. It can indicate periodic changes over time at the population or individual health level, describe differences in the population health, and examine the extent at which program objectives are being met. These indicators can possibly encompass illness or disease measurements which are commonly used in measuring health outcomes, such as health expectancy...
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...Public health is vital to the health and well-being of the United States, as well as the rest of the world. According to the World Health Organization (n.d.), “Public health refers to all organized measures (whether public or private) to prevent disease, promote health, and prolong life among the population as a whole.” Instead of focusing on the individual, public health targets an entire group or population by focusing on larger issues, such as epidemics, vaccines, and safety (e.g., water, food, and workplace safety) (Shi & Johnson, 2013). It is an integrative field and combines various disciplines, such as specialists from “the natural and social sciences” (Shi & Johnson, 2013, p. 2). Examples of aspects of the public health system include...
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...Table of Contents 1. Introductions Page 2 2. Situation Analysis a. Micro Factors Page 2-3 b. Macro Factors Page 4-5 3. SWOT Analysis Page 5-6 4. Issue Analysis Page 7 5. Recommendations Page 7 6. Conclusions Page 7 7. Referencing Page 8 Introduction OSIM the well establish Asia healthy life style brand, originated from Singapore. OSIM was founded by Dr Ron Sim Chye Hock in November 1980. Initially derive from R Sim Trading which deal mainly with household appliance. Dr Ron Sim Chye Hock later founded OSIM and eventually changes his focus to creating healthy life style products since he felt a great market potential in home care products in Asia. Dr Ron Sim Chye Hock brought together different equipment manufacturers and introduces OSIM which then receives significant growth to the extent of establishing multiple outlets Asia (straitstime). Having the motto “Inspiring Life” OSIM company has a significant numbers of outlets all over the world (osim) Situational Analysis on Micro and Macro Factors In the IT and Health conscious era, companies are trying to find opportunities to stay ahead of other rival companies. Companies have to examine and evaluate their environmental forces and take necessary approaches in order to stay competitive. Micro Factors Microenvironments are factors closely related to company operations and directly impact the customer experience. OSIM...
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...CORPORATIONS (SAARC) COUNTRIES: A CASE OF NEPAL Kushum Shakya* Central Department of Economics, Tribhuvan University, Nepal. ABSTRACT South Asian Association of Regional Cooperative (SAARC) countries have achieved considerable progress in socioeconomic indicators like poverty reduction, educational attainment and improved health facilities. The progress, however, is not uniform across the countries. The aim of this paper is to assess the progress made by SAARC with regard to selected Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and its achievement and gap in Nepal. The paper shows; i) Status of SAARC countries with respect to selected MDGs, ii) Achievements of MDGs in the case of Nepal and iii) the gaps to achieving the targets. The paper shows that the most SAARC countries including Nepal have performed poorly with MDGs. It is therefore concluded that there is need to prioritize to meet all goals in post MDGs for Nepal. Keywords: SAARC, MDG, Post-MDG, socio-economic. INTRODUCTION The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) have eight goals to be achieved by 2015 that respond to the world's main development challenges. The MDGs are drawn from the actions and targets contained in the Millennium Declaration that was adopted by 189 nations-and signed by 147 heads of state and governments during the UN Millennium Summit in September 2000. These goals promote basic human rights and focus the world community’s attention on achieving significant and measurable improvements in people’s lives. The...
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...With regards to this assignment the aims are to analyse patterns of health within the adult population regarding health disease and exclusion, whilst also having the ability to assess the health needs and the impacts they have on individuals and their communities. The assignment targets to analyse and investigate public health perspectives, ideologies, with the use of current legislation and policies. Public health aims to help people avoid becoming ill with strategies to help stay healthy, this is defined by the Department of Health (2012) which states a variety of policy areas of concern, these include immunisations, alcohol, drug users, sexual health, pregnancy, smoking, alcohol and a child’s health (DOH, 2012). The health issue chosen for this assignment will be smoking in pregnancy and the implications smoking can have with regards to health issues and the problems faced globally, nationally and within a chosen demographical area. In order to clarify what is meant by the term ‘health’ an understanding must be achieved and although according to the World Health Organisation (1986) health being ‘a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity’. Although this is a highly thought of definition according to Macaulay & Herbert (2011) the (WHO, 1986) definition of health is no longer appropriate and should be changed towards ‘the ability to adapt and self-manage in the face of social, physical, and emotional challenges’...
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...first thing to do our planning, how we are going to collect the data, our going data going to make sense or not, actually data will be meaningful for our object, after planning all this we have to target which population we are going to take, how we are going to frame them first and from that population we have to take samples for our purpose. Target population: The complete collection of objects whose description is the major goal of the study. Designating the target population is a crucial but often difficult part of the first step in an observational or experimental study. For example, in a survey to decide if a new storm-water drainage tax should be implemented, should the target population be all persons over the age of 18 in the county, all registered voters, or all persons paying property taxes? The selection of the target population may have a profound effect on the results of the study. We are going to discuss another example, Maternal and child health (MCH) programs target a wide variety of population groups for services. One targeted group, in particular, is children with special health care needs (CSHCN). Estimating the size of the population, including relevant subgroups is a core function of MCH/CSHCN programs. Illuminating the characteristics of the population of interest is...
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...Healthy People 2020 (2014) stated that determinants of health fall under several broad groups and their interrelationship determines the individual and population health. These determinants include: Policymaking, Social factors, Health services, Individual behavior, Biology and genetics. For a program to be more effective, Healthy People 2020 (2014) suggested that they focus on multiple determinants instead of just one of them, using tools like education, housing, transportation, agriculture and environment. This approach is utilized at the center to reach out to the seniors and the entire community and has proven successful so far. Some examples of social determinants as highlighted by Healthy People 2020 (2014) include: Availability of resources...
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...enhance revenues. These tool identities unique subsets of the population to target for specialized services and marketing initiatives. Market Segmentation of Healthcare Organization At Sentara the market is segmented into three major categories: demographic characteristics, disease categories, and geographic location. The main focus is on demographic segmentation which is aimed at targeting services for certain socioeconomic characteristics such as gender, age, or cultural/ethnic background (Anniston, 2012). Target Marketing Woman’s Health This facility has implemented several initiatives over the last decade which forms their strategies that target women. There is a lack of focused care for women in the Hampton Roads region and Sentara has put itself into a position to market and fill this deficiency. It has become increasingly relevant to the marketing team at this facility because capturing the female patient also means influencing the vast majority of health care decisions made for families and women use health services more frequently than men (Anniston, 2012). Most women are dissatisfied with how they receive care, which is often in settings that does not support the unique aspects of care for women (Milliken, 2011). Significant opportunity exists to develop services targeting women, and even to certain age specific groups within this population making meaningful distinction in the marketplace, improving quality...
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...Health Care Issues in the United States Trumeka King Professor Gary Morris HSA 500 1/22/12 Health Care Issues in the United States The health care system of the United States has change in many different ways during the last century. It has evolved from a system which lacked technology and knowledge of medical science, to a nation full of the vast wealth of medical technology and how it applies to its community. Due to the rapid growth, health care has become a significant force “The nation’s health care system has increasingly moved to center stage, drawing the attention of many Americans and our nation’s politicians.” (Torrens & Williams, 2009) With all of this attention and government interaction, it is no wonder why our nation strives to improve and rationalize the health care system. While there are many aspects to discuss in terms of improvement, this paper will attempt to explain how health care is affected by behaviors, economics, and social structure. Also, it will discuss the three stages of medical technology, major trends in population demographics, as well as the most important trends in mortality over the past century. Behavior, Economics, and Social Structure The behavior or involvement of the public, economics and social structure are three aspects that greatly affect the health care system in the U.S. Behaviors or individual involvement of the nation has significantly impacted the health care system of the past as well as present day. Health...
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...non-Hispanic descent (Cash & Bridge,2009). The “criteria” could fall under overwhelming stress from a broken home/parental issues, overdose with intention to commit, financial struggle or identity crisis, fear of being “outed” as a queer individual among other contributing factors. Another risk factor that coincides with the...
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...part 2 health campaign Stephanie hildeth hcs 535 September 20, 2013 sally kohls Health Campaign on Obesity Health Campaign Part 1 Summary In Part 1 of this paper, the issues of obesity and some of the initiatives implemented nationally ad locally was examined in the state of Texas. Due to the in depth concern of the growing effects on obesity, the initiatives of this paper focused on the impact of obesity for children on all levels of communities. Furthermore, the paper also pointed out the importance of addressing the importance of fight on obesity. This paper identified the statistics of this disease from data gathered from Healthy People 2020 showing that the obesity rate has increased by 57% amongst adults ages 20 and over from 22.8% to 35.7% between 1988-1994 and 2009-2010. Also during the same time frame, children and adolescents obesity rate climbed the charts for ages 2 to 19 by 69% from 10.0% to 16.9%. Health Campaign Part 1 also explored the prevalence to how in the state of Texas the range from 20.5% in Colorado to 34.7% in Louisiana in 2012. This identified that no states had a prevalence of obesity less than 20% (CDC, 2012). In the continuing efforts of addressing the pubic health issues, community organizations, the state and federal governments have implemented a serious role in taking steps to help with the concerning disease of obesity. Local communities and agencies have collectively come together to help with the fight on adult and childhood...
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...The health issue within the Marshall County residents was to a large extent according to the staff at Indiana Marshall County health department of Marshall County. This paper will describe how effectively Indiana County health officials work to eliminate health inconsistencies among the Marshall County population that are experiencing an inconsistent burden of health coverage. Marshall County health department staff stands behind their mission statement to support and protect the health and safety of our county’s population, by addressing health issues and identifying solutions to address social determinants of health, and promote access to high- quality preventive health care. Health care access barriers play an important role in understanding causes associated with decreased screening, late presentation to care, and lack of treatment, result in poor health outcomes and health inequalities. Defined by recent studies, include but are not limited to availability and proximity of facilities, transportation, and fundamental characteristics of care. According to data from the local hospitals serving Marshall County, decreased use of preventive measures, delayed arrangement and lack of treatment or insufficient treatment are all associated with poor health outcomes among our residents in Marshall County. Financial availability to Individuals who are uninsured or insured are subject to Structural barriers is defined by the health care system's availability. Such barriers may be within...
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...shift in the structure of the population. This has lead to an increase in the number of relatively fit and active older people who are making an important contribution...
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