...HUMAN RIGHTS Human rights are the basic rights and freedoms which everyone is entitled to. Human rights demand recognition and respect for the inherent dignity and value of every human beings, and provide the shared values and the legal basis to ensure that everyone is protected against abuses which undermine their dignity, and give the opportunities they need to realise their full potential, free from discrimination. Human rights are for all human beings, whatever our nationality, place of residence, sex, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, language, or any other status. The history of rights can be articulated to the ancient laws (such as the Hammurabi Codes of Babylon), to Greco-Roman doctrines and through the work of philosophers and humanists such as St. Thomas Aquinas, Baruch Spinoza, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, Hugo Grotius, John Locke and Jean Jacques Rousseau. These philosophers all contributed to the concept of "natural law" which set the stage for wide recognition of human rights and freedoms. Natural law holds that people are born in an innately "good" state, and that certain fundamental rights can be reasonably deduced from this fact. Great precedents in the recognition and protection of specific human rights lie in such documents as the British Magna Carta, the United States Bill of Rights, and the French Declaration of the Rights of Man. Moreover, Human Rights law developed mostly in the 20th century in response to World War 11. Although the world had...
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...companies that market infant formulas, has been the focus of attack from different groups. The source of this controversy sprang from the number of deaths of babies from Third World countries that are alleged to have been the result of aggressive advertising of the Nestle infant formula. Nestle stands by its position that it has been responsible in its product marketing stressing, among other things, that (1) it has never advocated bottle feeding instead of breast feeding and (2) that the infant formula has a vital role in proper infant nutrition as a supplement. Nevertheless, Nestle adopted measures to address the concerns of different groups, like WHO, by discontinuing its mass media advertising of infant formula, carrying out comprehensive health education programs, and supported the WHO code. By late 1990s, Nestle was again accused of continuously violating the WHO code and concerned groups have called for the boycott of Nestle products. By 2001, the HIV crisis in certain parts of the world, like South Africa, has caused a shift in preference from breast feeding to infant formula. Consequently, Nestle faces the challenge of addressing such high demand. Finally, Nestle, as an MNC, carries new responsibilities that comes along with marketing its products like participating in the fight against HIV and AIDS especially in developing countries. Problem Statement Taking into account the social responsibility and ethical issues that came with marketing its infant formula product,...
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...California: A Campaign Launch Case Study. Cases in Public Health Communication & Marketing. 2007 June. Available from: http://www. casesjournal.org/volume1/peer-reviewed/cases_1_05.cfm. Peer-Reviewed Case Study Abstract In April 2005, Donate Life California launched California’s first online organ donor registry called the “Donate Life California Registry.” This confidential database allows Californians to share their organ donation wishes by registering online. To compel Californians to become organ donors by registering online, the Donate Life team engaged hospital partners, media partners, and community partners. The campaign’s four-fold challenge was to: (1) redefine and reposition organ donation as a public health problem for Californians, (2) educate the public and the media about the lack of organ donors, (3) spread awareness using community collaboration and media advocacy strategies, and (4) adopt a single call to action compelling Californians to become organ donors by registering online. Launched with the goal of registering 15,000 people in 12 months, the registry attracted more than 175,000 registrations in the first six months. The online registry’s success was driven by a well-crafted strategic communication campaign underpinned by two core strategies-- media advocacy, and grassroots support within local communities. The comprehensive campaign supporting the registry’s launch provides a useful model for public health practitioners. 1 Introduction: Donate Life...
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...journal of Advanced Nursing, 1994, 19, 1024-1031 Curriculum evaluation in nursing education: a review of the literature Judith Chavasse BA RGN Dip Nurse Tutors Postgraduate Student, Departments of Education and Nursing Sfdies, The Queens University, Belfast, Northern Ireland Accepted for publication 29 September 1993 CHAVASSE J. (1994) lournal of Advanced Nursing 19, 1024-1031 Curriculum evaluation i nursing education: a review of the literature n Most curriculum evaluations in the literature have been reported by nurse evaluators; aims, criteria and methods are drawn chiefly from sociology, general education or management. There is an absence of studies exploring relevance to national health care need, nurses’ accountability to their clients and outcomes of cumcula. There appears to be much interest in innovatory programmes, students’ experiences and sociological understandings, with some concern for specific aspects of cumcula generally recognized as being problematic. The number of qualitative or mixed methodology studies is compatible with process cumcula and with academic and professional validation. EVALUATION OF NURSING CURRICULA The following year the erstwhile Joint Board o Clinical f Nursing Studies, finding that course planners lacked Evaluation of nursing curricula as a major consideration in knowledge and skills to evaluate their courses, produced nursing education in Britain and Ireland began to be a package which helped to introduce the practice...
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...others or their property or the general wellbeing of those within the community were discouraged with stronger means such as verbal abuse, beatings and banishment. (Allen and Simonsen, 1998) 3. Theorists such as von Hentig of the early 1900’s proposed that Bentham’s theory of deterrence was invalid due to the fact that the pleasure of committing a crime is a “near object” whereas the consequence of crime imposed by the legal system is a “long-distance danger” and is unable to counteract the immediate rewards of crime. (Paternoster, 2010, p773) HOW MUCH DO WE REALLY KNOW ABOUT CRIMINAL DETERRENCE? Paternoster, Raymond Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology; Summer 2010; 100, 3; ProQuest Central pg. 765 Bentham's Utilitarian Critique of the Death Penalty Hugo Adam Bedau The Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology (1973-), Vol. 74, No. 3 (Autumn, 1983), pp. 1033-1065 Published by: Northwestern University Article DOI: 10.2307/1143143 Article Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org.libraryproxy.griffith.edu.au/stable/1143143...
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...How Society Works – Lecture Notes Sep, 11, 2012 Introduction to Classical Social theory * “Theories in sociology are abstract, general ideas that help organize and make sense of the social world” (attempt to link idea’s with actual events) * Classical social theory (1840s – 1920s) – The enlightenment, political revolution (American revolution, French revolution), the industrial revolution * American and French revolution inspired more widespread adoption of democratic principle and rights of citizens * Industrial revolution caused dramatic, rapid urbanization, changes in family relations, gender relations, increased secularization * Classical social theorist and macro and micro theorists – macro are interested are in social theory that can explain huge social phenomenon’s (past and future), micro are interested in smaller scale phenomenon’s * Emile Durkheim was a positivist, saw society as analogous to a body, concerned with social solidarity, and developed the idea of the ‘social fact’ * Social Solidarity: division of labour Organic: present in modern societies, high dynamic density, high degree of labour specialization (works like a human body, everything works together with high specialization) Mechanical: present in traditional societies, low dynamic density , low degree of labour specialization (works like gears, works together to complete society) * Similarities of Social Solidarity: Conscience collective similar ideas...
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...determinants of Consumer Behaviour, Motivation, Personality and Self Concept, Consumer Perception, Consumer Learning, Consumer Attitude Formation and Change. Consumer Decision Process: Problem Recognition, Search and Evaluation, Purchasing Processes, Post-Purchase Behaviour, Consumer Behaviour Models, Consumerism, Organization Buying Behaviour. UNIT III (8 Sessions) Communication, Process of Communication, Marketing Communication, Objectives of Marketing Communication, Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC), Factors contributing to IMC, Participants in IMC, IMC Promotion Mix, IMC Management & Planning Model, Challenges in IMC, Promotion Mix, Sponsorship: POP: Supportive Communication, Role of E-Commerce in Marketing Communication. UNIT IV (16 Sessions) Advertising Management, Overview: Meaning, Nature and Scope of Advertising, Advertising and Other Promotional Tools, Role of Advertising in Promotion Mix, Process of Advertising, Customer and Competitor Analysis, STP Strategies for Advertising. Campaign Planning: Message Creation, Copywriting. Role of Creativity in Copywriting Media Planning, Testing of Advertising Effectiveness, Preparation and Choice of Methods of Advertising Budget, Ethical and Social Issues in Advertising, Management of Advertising Agencies, Role of Advertising in Natural Development. Unit-III Communication, Process of Communication, Marketing Communication, Objectives of Marketing...
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...Critique of Nonviolent Politics From Mahatma Gandhi to the Anti-Nuclear Movement by Howard Ryan (howard@netwood.net) Preface 2 Part I 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Problems of Nonviolent Theory Nonviolent Philosophy 6 Moral View: Violence Itself Is Wrong 9 Practical View: Violence Begets Violence 13 Nonviolent Theory of Power 21 Voluntary Suffering 24 Common Nonviolent Arguments 34 A Class Perspective 49 Part II 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Gandhi: A Critical History Father of Nonviolence 56 Satyagraha in South Africa 59 Textile Strike 66 Noncooperation Movement 1919-22 70 Religious Conflicts 80 Salt Satyagraha 87 Congress Ministries 97 The War Years 101 Independence and Bloodshed 111 Part III 17 18 19 20 Nonviolence in the Anti-Nuclear Movement Nonviolent Direct Action 120 Consensus Decision Making 123 Open, Friendly, and Respectful 136 Civil Disobedience 142 Epilogue 151 Notes 154 ©2002 by Howard Ryan. All rights reserved. Readers have my permission to use and distribute for non-profit and educational purposes. Critique of Nonviolent Politics 2 Preface (2002) Critique of Nonviolent Politics may be the only comprehensive critique of nonviolent theory that has been written. I wrote it between 1980 and 1984, while living in Berkeley, California. Since 1977, I had been active in the movement against nuclear power and weapons which, in California, focused its protests at the Diablo Canyon Nuclear Plant near San Luis Obispo, and at the University of California's Lawrence Livermore Labs where...
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...Table of Contents Introduction ………………………………………………………………… Background on Sexuality in India General Concepts on Sexuality and Love …………………………………… Interpersonal Heterosexual Behaviors o Adults ▪ Premarital Courtship, Dating, and Relationships……..…………. ▪ Marriage……………………………………………………. ▪ Family Size…………………………………………………. o Children ……………………………………………………….…. o Adolescents ………………………………………………………. Homosexuality ……………………………………………………………….. Significant Unconventional Sexual Behaviors o Coercive Sex ▪ Sexual Abuse……………………………………………….. ▪ Sexual Harassment………………………………..…………. ▪ Rape………………………………………………………... ▪ Dowry Deaths…………………………………….…………. o Prostitution………………………………………………...………. o Porn……………………………………………………………….. STDs, HIV/AIDS …………………………………………………………….. Contraception, Abortion, and Population Planning ………………………. References ……………………………………………………………………. Appendix ……………………………………………………………………... The Effects of Globalization on Sexuality in India Abstract: Globalization has an impact on all aspects of life, including the construction, regulation and imagination of sexuality and gender. This paper aims to suggest some of the ways in which this impact is occurring, primarily in India, with some emphasis on questions of HIV, sexual identity, and human and sexual rights. In issues of sexuality...
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...social innovation led by the Young Foundation with the support of NESTA. I would like to thank NESTA for their support, and in particular Dr Michael Harris, as well as my colleagues at the Young Foundation, Julie Caulier-Grice and Geoff Mulgan, all of whom have given valuable comments on the text. Published September 2009 CONTENTS 1 CONTENTS 1. The argument 2 5 9 23 39 52 54 55 2. The context of crisis 3. The emerging economic landscape 4. Can the new social economy respond? 5. Social innovation and the crisis of policy Bibliography Weblinks Endnotes 2 DANGER AND OPPORTUNITY CRISIS AND THE NEW SOCIAL ECONOMY 1 THE ARGUMENT The rise of the new social economy This pamphlet argues that the early years of the 21st century are witnessing the emergence of a new kind of economy that has profound implications for the future of public services as well as for the daily life of citizens. This emerging economy can be seen in many fields, including the environment, care, education, welfare, food and energy. It combines some old elements and many new ones. I describe it as a ‘social economy’ because it melds features which are very different from economies based on the production and consumption of commodities. Its key features include: • The intensive use of distributed networks to sustain and manage relationships, helped by broadband, mobile and other means of communication. Blurred boundaries between production and...
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...COMMUNICATION: ADVERTISING COMPENDIUM (C.A.C.) CHAPTER 1 — INTRODUCTION TO ADVERTISING CHAPTER OBJECTIVES 1. Discuss the elements of effective advertising. 2. Define advertising and identify its types and roles. 3. Identify the five players in the advertising world. 4. Explain the evolution of the advertising industry and the current issues it faces. CHAPTER REVIEW Effectiveness is at the heart of companies’ desire to advertise. Though advertising ultimately aids in the sale of products or services, other factors such as price or lack of distribution may influence purchase decisions. Advertising effectiveness tends to be measured in terms of communication impact such as exposure to a message, awareness of a product, attention, and involvement. Most responses can be categorized as perception (seeing), learning (thinking), persuasion (feeling), or behavior (doing). Effective advertising stems from a combination of carefully planned strategy that connects to audience members on an emotional level and that isolates a need the product fulfills, creative that delivers the strategy, and strong, arresting executions. Six components comprise the classic definition of advertising. Advertising is a paid nonpersonal communication from an identified sponsor using mass media to persuade or influence an audience. Advertising can be classified into one of nine types. National consumer or brand advertising focuses on building long-term brand identity...
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...THE PROBLEM WITH WORK A JOHN HOPE FRANKLIN CENTER BOOK THE PROBLEM WITH WORK Feminism, Marxism, Antiwork Politics, and Postwork Imaginaries KATHI WEEKS Duke University Press Durham and London 2011 © 2011 Duke University Press All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper co Designed by Heather Hensley Typeset in Minion Pro by Keystone Typesetting, Inc. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data appear on the last printed page of this book. THIS BOOK IS DEDICATED WITH LOVE TO JulieWalwick (1959-2010) Contents ix Acknowledgments INTRODUCTION i The Problem with Work i CHAPTF1 37 Mapping the Work Ethic CHAPTER 2 79 Marxism, Productivism, and the Refusal of Work CHAPTER 3 113 Working Demands: From Wages for Housework to Basic Income CHAPTER 4 151 "Hours for What We Will": Work, Family, and the Demand for Shorter Hours 5 CHAPTER 175 The Future Is Now: Utopian Demands and the Temporalities of Hope EPILOGUE 227 A Life beyond Work 235 255 Notes References 275 Index Acknowledgments thank the following friends and colleagues for their helpful feedback on versions of these arguments and portions of the manuscript: Anne Allison, Courtney Berger, Tina Campt, ChristineDiStefano, Greg Grandin, Judith Grant, Michael Hardt, Stefano Harney, Rebecca I would like to Karl, Ranji Khanna, Corey Robin...
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...MNUALLL/301/0/2013 Tutorial Letter 101/0/2013 General tutorial letter for proposal, dissertation and thesis writing MNUALLL Year module Department of Health Studies IMPORTANT INFORMATION: This tutorial letter contains important information about your module. Note: Copyright pertaining to Mouton (2006) has been ceded to Unisa CONTENTS Page 1 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.3.1 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 3 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 4 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 5 5.1 5.2 5.2.1 5.2.2 2 WELCOME ................................................................................................................................... 6 SECTION 1: BEING REGISTERED FOR THE RESEARCH PROPOSAL MODULE (RPM) .... 7 Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 7 Application .................................................................................................................................... 7 Registration for Research Proposal Module (RPM) ...................................................................... 7 Registration................................................................................................................................... 8 Appointment of supervisor ............................................................................................................ 8 Guidelines for writing a proposal ...............................................................................................
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...50 Key Concepts in Gender Studies Jane Pilcher & Imelda Whelehan Fifty Key Concepts in Gender Studies i Recent volumes include: Key Concepts in Social Research Geoff Payne and Judy Payne Key Concepts in Medical Sociology Jonathan Gabe, Mike Bury and Mary Ann Elston Forthcoming titles include: Key Concepts in Leisure Studies David Harris Key Concepts in Critical Social Theory Nick Crossley Key Concepts in Urban Studies Mark Gottdiener The SAGE Key Concepts series provide students with accessible and authoritative knowledge of the essential topics in a variety of disciplines. Cross-referenced throughout, the format encourages critical evaluation through understanding. Written by experienced and respected academics, the books are indispensable study aids and guides to comprehension. JANE PILCHER AND IMELDA WHELEHAN Fifty Key Concepts in Gender Studies SAGE Publications London • Thousand Oaks • New Delhi iii © Jane Pilcher and Imelda Whelehan 2004 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, transmitted or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without permission in writing from the Publishers. SAGE Publications Ltd 1 Oliver’s Yard 55 City Road London EC1Y 1SP SAGE Publications Inc 2455 Teller Road Thousand Oaks, California 91320 SAGE Publications India Pvt Ltd B-42 Panchsheel Enclave Post Box 4109 New Delhi 100 017 British Library...
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...British Journal of Management, Vol. 16, 175–194 (2005) DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-8551.2005.00453.x Revisiting Fayol: Anticipating Contemporary Management Lee D. Parker* and Philip A. Ritson *Corresponding author: Lee D. Parker, School of Commerce, Security House, North Terrace, The University of Adelaide, SA 5005 Australia Email: lee.parker@adelaide.edu.au This study argues that in classifying Fayol as a founding father of the Classical Management School, we have to some extent misrepresented this still important management theorist. The received Fayol portrayed in contemporary texts invariably emerges as a caricature of a much more insightful, complex, visionary and rounded management thinker. This study re-examines Fayol’s personal and career history, as well as the arguments presented in his original work, General and Industrial Management. It finds that he was a much more complex and multidimensional figure than his conventional stereotype today, and that his management theories embraced a wider spectrum of approaches and concepts than traditionally identified with the classical management school of thought. In marked contrast to his traditional portrayal, this study uncovers traces of ideas and concepts that anticipated aspects of the human relations movement, systems-based contingency theory, the movement towards greater employee involvement in decision-making and elements of knowledge management. Henri Fayol, the French industrialist and management thinker...
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