...May 2007 Accreditation Statement University of Phoenix is accredited by The Higher Learning Commission and is a member of the North Central Association of Colleges and Schools: 30 North LaSalle Street, Suite 2400 Chicago, IL 60602 (312) 263-0456 www.ncahigherlearningcommission.org ©2007 University of Phoenix. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED The text of this publication, or any part thereof, may not be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, storage in an information retrieval system, or otherwise, without prior permission of University of Phoenix. Edited in accordance with The Apollo Group editorial standards and practices Revised: May 2007 2 Table of Contents INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 5 CHAPTER 1: FORM AND APPEARANCE ................................................................................. 6 Font Styles ................................................................................................................................. 6 Margins. ...................................................................................................................................... 6 Spacing........................................................................................................................................ 6 Page Numbers and Headers ......................................
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...Writing Style Handbook May 2007 Accreditation Statement University of Phoenix is accredited by The Higher Learning Commission and is a member of the North Central Association of Colleges and Schools: 30 North LaSalle Street, Suite 2400 Chicago, IL 60602 (312) 263-0456 www.ncahigherlearningcommission.org ©2007 University of Phoenix. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED The text of this publication, or any part thereof, may not be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, storage in an information retrieval system, or otherwise, without prior permission of University of Phoenix. Edited in accordance with The Apollo Group editorial standards and practices Revised: May 2007 2 Table of Contents INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 5 CHAPTER 1: FORM AND APPEARANCE ................................................................................. 6 Font Styles ................................................................................................................................. 6 Margins. ...................................................................................................................................... 6 Spacing........................................................................................................................................ 6 Page Numbers and Headers ..........................
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...sub-sections. The Research Proposal is a complete description of the intended research, developed under the supervision of the assigned supervisor. Through the full proposal, the student needs to demonstrate convincingly that the study will make a contribution to a public health issue or problem. The full research proposal must be between 5 and 10 pages and should present the following: ▪ Title ▪ Brief Introduction ▪ Background and statement of the problem (this in the light of a thorough literature review) ▪ Research question or hypothesis, aim and objectives ▪ Study design (type of study) ▪ Study population and sampling ▪ Data collection methods and instruments ▪ Data analysis methods – if applicable statistical planning must be fully addressed, or the candidate should provide evidence that statistics are not required. ▪ Mechanisms to assure the quality of the study – e.g. control of bias, safe storage of data ▪ Study period - Timetable for completion of the project ▪ Participants in the study – all people involved in the study, and the role they play, should be identified.* ▪ Ethical considerations ▪ Resources required for the study, including budget if applicable ▪ References ▪ Appendices (copy of questionnaire, consent forms, etc.) How to use this template: The template provides ALL the sections, headings and subheadings that you will require in your proposal, as well as the line and paragraph spacing, page breaks, page numbering, referencing...
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...General Guide THE LIBRARY www.salford.ac.uk/library Referencing Guide: APA 6th (Harvard) Style Contents Introduction.................................................................................................................................................... 2 Part 1: Using In-Text Citations ...................................................................................................................... 3 Direct quotations ....................................................................................................................................... 3 Paraphrasing & summarising .................................................................................................................... 4 Citing multiple sources together ................................................................................................................ 4 Citing a source multiple times in the same paragraph .............................................................................. 5 Citing sources with the same author and year .......................................................................................... 5 Citing authors with the same name ........................................................................................................... 5 Citing corporate authors ............................................................................................................................ 6 Listing different numbers of authors ...................
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... Lectures/Readings, Resources, etc.) created and provided by GCU in the online or Web-enhanced modalities are prepared using an editorial format that relies on APA as a framework but that modifies some formatting criteria to better suit the nature and purpose of instructional materials. Students and faculty are advised that GCU course materials do not adhere strictly to APA format and should not be used as examples of correct APA format, or in place of the APA Manual, when preparing written work for class. APA Format and Style General Academic writing, which is independent thought supported by reliable and relevant research, depends on the ability to integrate and cite the sources that have been consulted. Use APA style for all references, in-text citations, formatting, etc. Write in first- and second-person sparingly, if ever. This means, avoid using I, we, and you; instead, use he, she, and...
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...by the due date. This guide has been written especially for you, new and returning Federation University Australia (FedUni) students, to demystify referencing and provide numerous practical examples of when and how referencing should be used in your writing at FedUni. As you study, you’ll come to understand that referencing is just a set of rules that you need to follow to adequately acknowledge the work and thinking of others in your assignments. These rules are important because they allow your teachers to decide whether you’ve demonstrated that you understand the topic at hand and show that you have completed the assignment yourself. If you ignore the requirements to reference source materials in your assignment, your teacher may decide you have committed ‘plagiarism’. This means you have failed to reference according to the rules and in doing so, not demonstrated that you have used the work of others in your work. Plagiarism is a very serious matter that can result in unpleasant consequences for your studies and career. So please take the time to understand the advice we have prepared for you in this guide. Referencing is not just about following the rules; it also provides an elegant and powerful way to add weight to your arguments. Your opinions and conclusions will create more impact if they are supported by leading researchers and writers in your field. Continually improving these skills as you continue your studies will serve you well...
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...6th Ed 2014 UPDATE.docx 2 Contents What is a referencing system? ................................................................................................................. 4 The APA referencing system .................................................................................................................... 4 In-text citations............................................................................................................................................ 5 Layout of in-text citations ..................................................................................................................... 5 The reference list ........................................................................................................................................ 5 Layout of end-text references in a reference list ............................................................................. 6 Books...
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...Learning Skills Unit February 2010 A softcopy of this referencing guide is available on Blackboard. TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION………………………………………………..…………….… 5 I. Which referencing style should I use?........................................................................... 5 II. Why must I cite and reference my sources?.................................................................. 5 III. What is plagiarism?........................................................................................................ 5 IV. Is there plagiarism in sources on the Internet?.............................................................. 6 V. What is paraphrasing?................................................................................................... 6 VI. What is summarising?.................................................................................................... 6 3. PREPARING A REFERENCE LIST……………………………………………….… 13 - The difference between a reference list and a bibliography………………………..... 13 The first few words of the source in the reference list must match the in-text citation…………………………………………………………………………………....... 13 Each source in the reference...
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...References/Bibliography Harvard Style Based on Style manual for authors, editors and printers revised by Snooks & Co. 2002 Referencing with Harvard When writing assignments you must acknowledge the source of your ideas and quotes in sufficient detail so that those reading can locate the item. Referencing is important to avoid plagiarism, to verify quotations and to enable readers to follow up what you have written and locate the cited author’s work. The “Harvard style” is a generic author-date style for citing and referencing information used. There are many styles which follow the author-date convention, including the American Psychological Association (APA) and the Chicago Manual of Style. This guide is based on an Australian style manual (AGPS style) now revised by Snooks & Co, 2002. Note: Before you create your list of references, check with your lecturer or tutor for the bibliographic style preferred by the School. Keep in mind the following points: • • Write down all the citation details of a source as you use it. Place quotation marks “ “ around a direct quote and include page number(s) when quoting directly. Insert brief citations at the appropriate places in the text of your document. Compile a reference list at the end of the document that includes full details of all references cited. In-text citations: In an author-date style, in-text citations usually require the name of the author(s) and the year of publication. A page number is...
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...Harvard Referencing System and assist with their achievements with CQI. 1. DEFINITIONS 3 2. HOW TO CITE IN YOUR TEXT 4 2.1 Authors 4 2.1.1 Direct 4 2.1.2 Indirect 4 2.2 Page Numbers 4 2.3 Chapter Authors from edited books 4 2.4 Corporate authors 4 2.5 Secondary sources 5 2.6 Tables or Diagrams 5 3. HOW TO REFERENCE 6 4. REFERENCING BOOKS 7 5. E BOOKS, JOURNALS AND WEBSITES 8 6. REFERENCING PUBLICATIONS AND OFFICIAL DOCUMENTS 10 7. REFERENCING PICTURES, TABLES AND GRAPHS 12 8. MISSING DETAILS 13 1. DEFINITIONS Citation: is when you refer to the work of other authors in the text of your own work. Reference: each citation needs a reference at the end of the work. This gives you the full details of the source and should enable it to be traced. Bibliography: a list of relevant items you have used in preparation of the assignment but are not necessarily cited in the text. 2. HOW TO CITE IN YOUR TEXT 2.1 Authors If you are citing an author, there are two ways; direct and indirect. If you use direct then you would use it as a direct reference to an authors work. If it is indirect then you are using a statement more in your own words and then referencing the authors afterwards and usually in brackets. 2.1.1 Direct To cite an author directly, use one of the below layouts: • One author = Beaumont (2002, pp.33-35) states that … • More than one author, different work =...
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...Edition Quick Reference Writing-Style Handbook Strayer University March 1, 2010 Table of Contents INTRODUCTION 4 CHAPTER 1 Basic Form and Appearance 5 Margins 5 Spacing 5 Font Styles 5 Page Numbers 5 Page Headers 6 Title Page 6 Headings 8 Numbers 9 Lists 10 Abbreviations 10 Tables and Figures 10 CHAPTER 2 SUPPORTING DOCUENTATION FOR ACADEMIC PAPERS 13 In–Text Citation 13 Direct Quotations 14 Works with no Author or with an Anonymous Author 15 Work by Two Authors 16 Work by Multiple Authors, five or more 16 Paraphrasing 17 Do Not Plagiarize 18 Using Block Quotations 19 Reference List: Basic Rules 20 References within the Reference List 20 Reference Examples for Periodicals 20 Reference Examples for Non-Periodicals 21 Electronic Sources 22 Examples for Internet Sources 22 Miscellaneous Sources 24 CHAPTER 3 ADDITIONAL RESOURCES 26 APA Writing Style Quick Reference Introduction This writing-style handbook is intended to provide basic examples of APA style, modeled after the 6th edition of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (2010). The intent is not to provide detailed instructions relative to every question that may arise. The quick reference is to help...
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...Lessons Learned Paper Francisco E Guzman University of Phoenix Dr. Nancy Arduengo Lessons Learned Paper * Connecting with a group of doctoral students for the first residency is very challenging. Most of the students admitted to having feelings of misperception, worry, or uncertainty. Meeting someone new is certainly not comfortable, however the anticipations and nervousness of a doctoral program is adequate for someone to ask why one would choose to embark on a titanic venture. This residency has encouraged me to withstand in my program. There were more than a few eye-openers that revealed progress and improvement as a doctoral student. In the last five days, various lessons and experiences were imparted and learned but the most important lessons for me include the learning team experiences, scholarly writing, and reflective journaling on the lessons learned. Learning Teams During this residency experience, I acquired a lot about learning teams. In my academic and professional experience, I have been a part of numerous teams. I have had some bad encounters with teams during my period with the University of Phoenix and acknowledged that the team experiences at residency would be similar. I definitely applied my situatedness but I understand now a cohort of different personalities can form a successful team where all opinions are heard, all ideas count, all contribute and all appear to demonstrate an authentic interest for one another. We...
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...What is an ‘academic reference’? An academic reference is a book or journal article that has been “peer-reviewed” by academic specialists in the particular field. Academic references are considered to have more legitimacy and credibility than popular sources for this reason. Popular sources such as newspapers, social media, websites and blogs are not academic references and may have no claims to legitimacy or credibility. Why is academic referencing important at university? At university we are trying to develop critical thinking in students. Not “critical” in terms of negative thinking, but in terms of being able to analyse information and make informed comments about how valid the views expressed in the source may be. By using academic references you show that you can compare sources of legitimate information. Make sure you have a majority of academic references in your assignments. While you may use and reference popular sources, make sure most of your references are academic references. Ask the lecturer if you have any concerns or comments about either referencing or any aspect of your study, including after you receive marked assignments. ____________________________________________________________________________ Common types of academic references used in The Business School at UB. 1. Citation of a reference in your assignment (“in-text citation”). Method: author(s) and date of publication. Example: Retrenchment has become a part of contemporary...
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...when they feel threatened (“Characteristics of Dogs,” 1991). Reference: Characteristics of dogs in their natural habitats. (2005, July 13). New York Times, p. B13. One author: (Author, year, pp.) Citation: The author found that cars go fast (Smith, 2000, p. 123). Smith (2000, p. 123) found that cars go fast. Reference: Smith, A. (2000). Cars go fast. New York, NY: Good Publishing, Inc. Two authors: (Author1 & Author2, year, pp.) Citation: The study found that dogs bark (Smith & Jones, 2005). Smith and Jones (2005) found that dogs bark. Reference: Smith, B. B., & Jones, B. B. (2005). Noises that animals make in their natural habitats. Journal of Animal Science, 4(2), 15-27. Three – five authors: First cite: (Author1, Author2, & Author3, year, pp.) Next cite: (Author1 et al., year, pp.) Citation: The authors found that cars go fast (Smith, Jones, & Rogers, 2000, p. 123). The authors found that cars go fast (Smith et al., 2000, p. 123). Smith, Jones, and Rogers (2000, p. 123) found that cars go fast. Smith et al. (2000, p. 123) found that cars go fast. Reference: Smith, A., Jones, A., & Rogers, A. (2000). Cars go fast. New York, NY: Good Publishers, Inc. INDIANA UNIVERSITY BLOOMINGTON 1 APAStyle IN-TEXT CITATIONS A Quick Guide Campus Writing Program & the IUB Libraries Six+ authors: (Author1 et al., year, pp.) Note: For six or more authors, use et al. the first time and give the full citation in references. Citation: The study found that cars go fast (Smith et al...
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...tutorials. Each group should nominate a group leader to manage the group process. The group leader should ensure the group members are entered into the ‘Assignment Tool’ and that an electronic copy of the assignment is submitted through the ‘Assignment Tool’ on the subject homepage before the due date. The assignment should be the group's own work and should not have been submitted previously for assessment in another course. It is expected that each member of a group contribute equally to the preparation of the assignment. All students should keep a copy of the assignment. The assignment mark will be posted on the subject homepage after marking has been completed. Groups seeking an extension of time to complete the assignment due to health or other genuine personal reasons should complete an Application for Extension of Time to Complete Assignment which is available from the Student Centre. Refer to Subject Guide for further instructions on completing assignment. Any queries on the...
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