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Health and Social Care

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1) What do you know about patterns of health in the UK? Is health getting better or worse?

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2) What factors can have an impact on patterns of health in the UK?

|There are many factors contributed to affect the patterns of health in the UK such as: |
|Diet: A Bad diet can lead a person to get many different kind of dieses and illnesses for example a person who eats food with high content of sugar he has a risk of|
|developing a disease such as diabetes. Eating too much and not how much you need can lead a person to become overweight which itself increases your risk of getting |
|heart disease, high blood pressure, diabetes etc and if a person eats too much animal fat, smokes and drinks alcohol and does no exercise can multiply their chances|
|of getting a disease even more. |
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|Unemployment/ low income: People who have low income or no job cannot afford essential things for example food, clothing, heating and these people, can also develop|
|more disease and illness compared to middle class people as unemployed people can fall into depression and anxiety. People who have job but have low income can |
|become ill due to working long hours to provide for their families so they can afford the important stuff in their lives. |
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|Smoking: Smoking can have a really big impact on people health as it can cause smoking related problems like lung cancer. People can also get ill through other |
|people smoking such as passive smoking or second hand smoking. In the UK every year 100,000 people die because of smoking and smoke related illnesses. Smoking can |
|cause 90% lung cancer to smokers and can also cause cancer in many other places such as mouth, lips, throat, voice box, bladder, kidney, stomach, pancreas and |
|liver. |
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|Poor housing: Poor housing can affect people's lives, things like damp, mold and not enough heating can increase the risk of getting cardiovascular, respiratory |
|diseases and asthma other factors such as income, social class, smoking , crowding and unemployment is linked to how poor housing is made. All this can also lead a |
|person to depression and anxiety. Pest infections such as cockroaches and mouse can cause allergies and asthma triggers. Things like leaking pipes and other source |
|of water and food bins which can provide them to drink water can help cockroaches and to enter the house. |
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|Media: Television and the media portray women and men in a certain way for example making people think if they are attractive or not. Media can include celebrates |
|in movies, magazines, advertisements etc can make people make a picture in their mind on what is attractive and what is not. Media can affect people's health |
|because they can make people depressed, increase anxiety, anoxia and have low self esteem. |
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|https://prezi.com/mvwvjstfuqmx/factors-affecting-current-patterns-of-health-in-the-uk/ |
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3) How do the government monitor patterns of health and illness across the UK?

|In the UK health and illness is monitored by using statistics which can be seen on the national statistics website. They producing statistics to illustrate patterns|
|of ill health in the UK. |
| Government statistical departments that are major contributors to identifying and monitoring patterns of ill health in the UK include: the Department of Health, |
|the Health and Safety Executive and the NHS Information Centre for Health and Social Care. Statistics are collected from records such as birth certificates, the |
|death register and records of hospital admissions. These records may then be further analysed as they will contain much more specific information such as the weight|
|of the baby that was born or the reason that an individual was admitted to hospital. Records such as hospital admissions and arrests have been made a legal |
|requirement by our government so that statistics will always be available. Statistics are also collected from surveys such as the national census survey which is |
|conducted every 10 years in the UK by the government. The national census survey has been taken since 1801 and counts everyone in the UK and their households. It |
|provides a detailed picture of the UK and allows us to compare geographical areas. Although statistics do provide a clear picture, they are not totally accurate for|
|what they represent because there will always be a clinical iceberg. The term clinical iceberg is used to describe how there will always be information on illness |
|that is not reported so statistics can only give us an idea of what ill health in England is really like. Patterns of ill health are also identified using reports |
|such as the black report conducted in 1980 which found that there were gross inequalities in health at the time, by illustrating that the |

4) SOCIO-ECONOMIC FACTORS AFFECTING HEALTH

|DEFINITION: |
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|FACTOR |DEFINITION |HOW DOES IT AFFECT HEALTH? |
|Social class |Social class is a group of people who have|The working class are those minimally educated people who engage in “manual |
| |same amount of wealth and status. There |labor” with little or no prestige. Unskilled workers in the class—dishwashers, |
| |are three social class that person belong |cashiers, maids, and waitresses—usually are underpaid and have no opportunity for|
| |to. |career advancement. They are often called the working poor. Skilled workers in |
| |Lower class: It is the people who are |this class—carpenters, plumbers, and electricians—are often called blue collar |
| |poor, homeless and unemployed. These are |workers. They may make more money than workers in the middle class—secretaries, |
| |the people who have not had schooling, |teachers, and computer technicians; however, their jobs are usually more |
| |suffer from lack of medical care etc. |physically taxing, and in some cases quite dangerous. |
| |These people are seen as poor people by | |
| |the media. | |
| |Working class: They are the people who are| |
| |not fully educated | |
|Age | | |
|Gender | | |
|Income and expenditure | | |
|Employment status | | |
|Housing | | |
|Discrimination | | |
|Education | | |

5) ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AFFECTING HEALTH

|DEFINITION: |
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|FACTOR |DEFINITION |HOW DOES IT AFFECT HEALTH? |
|Urban | | |
|Rural | | |
|Waste Management | | |
|Water Supply | | |
|Housing | | |
|Pollution | | |
|Access to HSC services | | |

6) LIFESTYLE FACTORS AFFECTING HEALTH

|DEFINITION: |
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|FACTOR |DEFINITION |HOW DOES IT AFFECT HEALTH? |
|Culture | | |
|Diet | | |
|Peer pressure | | |
|Mass media | | |
|Access to leisure and recreational | | |
|facilities | | |
|Smoking | | |
|Drug use | | |
|Alcohol | | |

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