...Main Differences between the healthcare systems in Nigeria and the USA. After living in my native country, Nigeria for nearly twenty years of my life, I had the opportunity to relocate to the United States of America to live with my Dad while pursuing a career in Nursing. On getting to the United States of America or the USA as it is commonly called, I discovered how lovely and different the country really is. The USA was a lot different from what I had heard from stories back home in Nigeria. The previous three years, since January 2009 to be precise, has provided me first-hand experience of some major differences between my country of origin and the United States of America. In comparison, there are four main differences between the lifestyle of the United States of America and Nigeria. First, one of the many significant differences between the United States of America and Nigeria is its political institutions. The United States of America has two major political parties while Nigeria has a multiple party system. Though both practice some form of Federalism, the United States of America utilizes a system whereby the individual States have a high measure of autonomy or political control of their region. On the other hand, Nigeria has a strong central government that imposes law and rules that the state governments have to abide by. Furthermore, in the United States of America, the States provide most of its own resources, while in Nigeria the federal government controls...
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...Evaluate the effectiveness of the DTM as a means of predicting future population Demographic transition refers to the transition from high birth rates and death rates to low birth and death rates as a country develops from a pre-industrial to an industrialized economic system. This is typically demonstrated through a demographic transition model. The theory is based on an interpretation of demographic history developed in 1919 by the American demographer Warren Thompson. Thompson observed changes (transitions) in birth and death rates in industrialized societies over the previous 200 years. Most developed countries are in stage 4 of the model; the majority of developing countries have reached stage 3. The major (relative) exceptions are some poor countries, mainly in sub-Saharan Africa and some Middle Eastern countries, which are poor or affected by government policy or civil strife, notably Pakistan, Palestinian Territories, Yemen and Afghanistan. The DTM was first observed in the two centuries preceding 1950 in what are today’s economically developed countries. Prior to this, these developed countries experienced high death rates matched by high birth rates, resulting in a stable population size. But then improving living standards and public health measures, such as the public health acts, caused death rates to drop, followed by a gradual drop in birth rates, which by the 1970s matched the death rates again. Between the decline in the death rates and drop in birth rates...
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...institute, 2015). This huge size of immigrants and diversity is putting huge pressure on the healthcare infrastructure of the nation. Since most of the immigrants originate from poor countries with poorly equipped health care system, their health conditions is relatively poor. They have a variety of health problems, including infectious diseases, musculoskeletal and pain issues, mental health problems, social health issues, and longstanding undiagnosed chronic illnesses(Migration policy institute, 2015). Many of them are unvaccinated. Not only they land to the US unvaccinated and with poorer health, but also they have lower access to US healthcare system putting them at cumulative disadvantage of higher mortality and morbidty....
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...Global Dabur is among the top five FMCG companies in India and is positioned successfully on the specialist herbal platform. Dabur has proven its expertise in the fields of health care, personal care, homecare and foods. The company was founded by Dr. S. K. Burman in 1884 as small pharmacy in Calcutta (now Kolkata), India. And is now led by his great grandson Vivek C. Burman, who is the Chairman of Dabur India Limited and the senior most representative of the Burman family in the company. The company headquarters are in Ghaziabad, India, near the Indian capital New Delhi, where it is registered. The company has over 12 manufacturing units in India and abroad. The international facilities are located in Nepal, Dubai, Bangladesh, Egypt and Nigeria. S.K. Burman, the founder of Dabur, was trained as a physician. His mission was to provide effective and affordable cure for ordinary people in far-flung villages. Soon, he started preparing natural remedies based on Ayurved for diseases such as Cholera, Plague and Malaria. Due to his cheap and effective remedies, he became to be known as ‘Daktar’ (Indianised version of ‘doctor’). And that is how his venture Dabur got its name—derived from Daktar Burman. The company faces stiff competition from many multi national and domestic companies. In the Branded and Packaged Food and Beverages segment major companies that are active include Hindustan Lever, Nestle, Cadbury and Dabur. In case of Ayurvedic medicines and products, the major competitors...
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...Organizational Systems & Corporate Responsibility – Pfizer Assignment 1 – Group MIMTG09 Does the company operate in business/industries that are by their nature socially or environmentally sensitive? Does the business as a whole face pressure from certain stakeholder groups? Pfizer is a research-based, global biopharmaceutical company. It claims to have two segments: biopharmaceutical and diversified. The latter involves animal health products, healthcare products and other personal care items (Pfizer.com/about). In the past decade Pfizer has received a lot of pressure from governments, medicine & food authorities and customer groups on mostly socially sensitive issues. It seems that the industry is characterized by corporate social responsibility issues and Pfizer seems to have contributed significantly to this image in the past (justmeans.com). Multiple tragedies in the pharmaceutical industry in the 50’s and 60’s resulted in various regulations, guidelines, and laws on the introduction of new medical products. Globalization caused a rapid increase of multinationals in the industry, but sadly coercive pressures remained national. It was in 1990 that the International Conference on Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) was created (Castner et al., 2007). This group is composed of more than six parties that represent various regulatory bodies in the United States, Japan, and Europe. Multinational enterprises...
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...Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 1(3): 94-96, 2009 ISSN: 2040-8773 © Maxwell Scientific Organization, 2009 Submitted Date: August 14, 2009 Acceptance Date: September 02, 2009 Published Date: November 25, 2009 Corresponding Author: A. Abubakar, Department of Human Physiology Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria 94 Relation of Body Mass Index with Lipid Profile and Blood Pressure in Healthy Female of Lower Socioeconomic Group, in Kaduna Northern Nigeria 1A. Abubakar, 1M.A. M abruok, 2A.B. Gerie, 3A.A. Dikko, 4S. Aliyu, 1T. Yusuf, 3R.A. Magaji, 1M.A. Kabir and 1U.W. Adama 1Department of Human Physiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria 2Department of Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Teaching Hospital Shika, Zaria, Nigeria 3Department of Human Physiology, Bayero University Kano, Nigeria 4Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria Abstracts: In Nigeria 30 million people suffer from this hypertension which is the main risk factor for stroke, and renal failure. Elevated levels of triglyceride, cholesterol and LDL-C are documented as risk factors for atherogenesis. LDL-C in its oxidized or acetylated form has been identified as a major atherogenic particle. Fifty two women between 19-32 years of age attending Primary Health Care center (PH C) in Kaduna and its environment were use in this study. Their height, weight and systolic and diastolic blood pressures were recorded. Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated by using their...
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...Jessica Mack,1 and Kristin Cox Mehling1 served as researchers and authors of this working paper. The authors would like to thank the following individuals for their contributions to the development and conceptualization of these case studies: Oliver Sabot Hans Hogerzeil Patricia Mechael Catherine Taylor Kanika Bahl Julia White Kabir Ahmed Mark Young Renee van de Weerdt Deborah Armbruster Jennifer Lockwood-Bergeson Michael Mbizvo Clinton Health Access Initiative Groningen University mHealth Alliance PATH Results for Development Institute UN Secretariat UNFPA UNICEF UNICEF USAID USAID WHO The authors would also like to thank the following individuals who provided key insight into maternal health commodities in Bangladesh, Ethiopia, India, Nigeria, Tanzania and Uganda: Samit Tandon Abhijit Das Billy Stewart Abu Jamil Faisel Manju Shukla Peter Haulohner Anteneh Tsige Albert Kalangwa Michael Tekie Asia Kassim Hussein Esther Obinya Indrani Chakma Lianne Kuppens Luwei Pearson Naawa...
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...for Women Entrepreneurs 3 Acknowledgements The Cherie Blair Foundation for Women is extremely grateful to the following people and organisations for generously contributing their time and expertise to assist in the research and preparation of this report: Adia Sowho, Etisalat Nigeria Akinwale Goodluck, MTN Alan David Johnson, IFC Jerome Fromager, Mobinil John Irungu Ngahu, IFC Joshua Haynes, USAID Andriantsoa Ramanantsialonina, IFC Arata Onoguchi, IFC Chris Burns, USAID Claire Mattei, Qtel Ann Mei Chang, US Department of State Bhanu Potta, Nokia Life Kaj-Eric Relander, Emirates Investment Authority Karthik Balasubramanian, Nokia Life Kyle Lederer, Qualcomm Laura Balkovich, Google Ken Banks, kiwanja.net and FrontlineSMS Colin Shepherd, IFC Louise Guido, Foundation for Social Change Maria Thomas, Axios Ventures Mary McDowell, Nokia Maura O’Neill, USAID Modupe Ladipo, Efina Cynthia Gordon, Qtel Dieter May, Nokia Daniel Radcliffe, The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Dr Nasser Marafih, Qtel Erin Gavin, Qualcomm Fiona Smith, GSMA mAgri Programme Gautam Ivatury, Signal Point Partners Gavin Krugel, Fundamo Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala, Minister of Finance, Federal Republic of Nigeria Noa Gimelli, ExxonMobil Foundation Olga Morawczynski, Grameen AppLab Uganda Sean DeWitt, Grameen Foundation Seppo Aaltonen, Nokia Susie Kelt, Vodafone Qatar Professor Mark Levy, Michigan State University Ghassan Hasbani, Saudi Telecom Company Iman Bibars, Ashoka HE Sheikh Abdullah...
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...LAGOS, NIGERIA By Patrick Onuorah Supervisor Klaus Solberg Söilen [pic] ABSTRACT This study, the role of small and medium sized enterprises for economic growth, was undertaken to find out how SME sub-sector in Nigeria has performed and its impact on the economic growth of the country. Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SMEs) is accepted globally as a tool for empowering the citizenry and economic growth. It has been associated with the rapid economic growth of countries in Asia and North America. In Nigeria efforts have been made by successive governments to reduce poverty and accelerate economic growth by increasing foreign direct investment, diversifying the economy, enacting policy frameworks which favour small business ownership and sometimes initiating employment and entrepreneurship programmes. Specifically this study tends to figure out: how profitable SME business is; whether infrastructural development could be attributed to the presence of SMEs; if significant number of people are employed within the SME sector; whether the SME market has attracted banks and financial institutions with increase in loans and incentives; whether there is increase in information Technology related businesses due to presence of SMEs and if there is need for the government to encourage and develop more opportunities for SMEs. A total of 200 SMEs were randomly selected from Matori, a city in Lagos state Nigeria. A questionnaire...
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...biochemic units (308), and herbal and unani-related units (295). The pharmaceutical sector was the second largest sector (after agriculture) in terms of national revenue. Employment in the sector was about 75,000. The value of export for essential drugs was US$ 3.1 million and natural ingredients US$ 48 thousand. It exported drugs to over 50 countries in the world, but mainly to Bhutan, Singapore and Yemen. The export market is on a rise each year. On the other hand, Bangladesh imported essential drugs worth of US$ 21.6 million and natural ingredients of US$ 19 million. Types of products imported included 700 different types of finished products and over 742 basic raw materials. 85% of raw materials are imported from West European countries, USA, Pakistan, Japan, Korea, Singapore, China and India. Importance of the study: Now-a-days, Pharmaceuticals Company is one of the largest industries in the world contributing 13.29% of global GDP. The study helps us gain hands on knowledge in the Pharmaceuticals sector in Bangladesh. The study has enormous implication to develop the appropriate Pharmaceuticals policy, to incorporate the unique marketing policy and to build sustainable Pharmaceuticals service. The concerning authority can use the findings and recommendation for their policy making and organizational development purpose and improving tourist satisfaction. It will help them to introduce a new dimension of strategic...
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...Delivery and growth Royal Dutch Shell plc Annual Report and Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2007 Royal Dutch Shell Our Business With 104,000 employees in more than 110 countries and territories, Shell plays a key role in helping to meet the world’s growing demand for energy in economically, environmentally and socially responsible ways. Our Exploration & Production business searches for and recovers oil and natural gas around the world. Many of these activities are carried out as joint venture partnerships, often with national oil companies. Our Gas & Power business liquefies natural gas and transports it to customers across the world. Its gas to liquids (GTL) process turns natural gas into cleaner-burning synthetic fuel and other products. It develops wind power to generate electricity and invests in solar power technology. It also licenses our coal gasification technology, a cleaner way of turning coal into chemical feedstocks and energy. Our Oil Sands business, the Athabasca Oil Sands Project, extracts bitumen from oil sands in Alberta, western Canada and converts it to synthetic crude oils. Our Oil Products business makes, moves and sells a range of petroleum-based products around the world for domestic, industrial and transport use. Its Future Fuels and CO2 business unit develops fuels such as biofuels and hydrogen and synthetic fuels made from natural gas (GTL Fuel) and potentially from biomass; and leads company-wide activities on CO2 management. With...
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...Emma Pitchforth2 and Susan F Murray3 Abstract National and transnational health care systems are rapidly evolving with current processes of globalisation. What is the contribution of the social sciences to an understanding of this field? A structured scoping exercise was conducted to identify relevant literature using the lens of India – a ‘rising power’ with a rapidly expanding healthcare economy. A five step search and analysis method was employed in order to capture as wide a range of material as possible. Documents published in English that met criteria for a social science contribution were included for review. Via electronic bibliographic databases, websites and hand searches conducted in India, 113 relevant articles, books and reports were identified. These were classified according to topic area, publication date, disciplinary perspective, genre, and theoretical and methodological approaches. Topic areas were identified initially through an inductive approach, then rationalised into seven broad themes. Transnational consumption of health services; the transnational healthcare workforce; the production, consumption and trade in specific health-related commodities, and transnational diffusion of ideas and knowledge have all received attention from social scientists in work related to India. Other themes with smaller volumes of work include new global health governance issues and structures; transnational delivery of health services and the transnational movement...
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...SECOND 21ST CENTURY ACADEMIC FORUM CONFERENCE AT HARVARD MARCH 8 - 10, 2015 MARTIN CONFERENCE CENTER HARVARD UNIVERSITY BOSTON, MA USA Teaching, Learning, and Research in the “Just Google It” Age CONFERENCE PROCEEDING VOL. 5, NO.1 ISSN: 2330-1236 Table of Contents Authors Paper Title Page Maryam Abdu Investigating Capital Structure Decisions and Its Effect on the Nigerian Capital Market 1 Norsuhaily Abu Bakar Rahimah Embong Ibrahim Mamat Ruzilawati Abu Bakar Idris Abd. Hamid Holistically Integraded Curriculum: Implications for Personality Development 16 Sandra Ajaps Geography Education in the Google age: A Case Study of Nsukka Local Government Area of Nigeria 30 Helen Afang Andow Impact of Banking Reforms on Service Delivery in the Nigerian Banking Sector 45 Billy Batlegang Green IT Curriculum: A Mechanism For Sustainable Development 59 Rozeta Biçaku-Çekrezi Student Perception of Classroom Management and Productive Techniques in Teaching 74 Thomas J.P.Brady Developing Digital Literacy in Teachers and Students 91 Lorenzo Cherubini Ontario (Canada) Education Provincial Policy: Aboriginal Student Learning 101 Jennifer Dahmen Natascha Compes Just Google It?! But at What Price? Teaching Pro-Environmental Behaviour for Smart and Energy-Efficient Use of Information and Communication Technologies 119 Marion Engin Senem Donanci Using iPads in a dialogic classroom: Mutually exclusive or naturally compatible? 132 Nahed Ghazzoul Teaching and Learning in...
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...WHO Guidelines on Hand Hygiene in Health Care: a Summary First Global Patient Safety Challenge Clean Care is Safer Care a WHO Guidelines on Hand Hygiene in Health Care: a Summary © World Health Organization 2009 WHO/IER/PSP/2009.07 All rights reserved. Publications of the World Health Organization can be obtained from WHO Press, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland (tel.: +41 22 791 3264; fax: +41 22 791 4857; e-mail: bookorders@who.int). Requests for permission to reproduce or translate WHO publications – whether for sale or for noncommercial distribution – should be addressed to WHO Press, at the above address (fax: +41 22 791 4806; e-mail: permissions@who.int). The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. All reasonable...
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...Strategy Formulation & Implementation Ranbaxy Laboratories Ltd 1. Summary: Indian pharmaceutical industry is estimated at $8 billion in 2013 and had been growing at an average rate of 8–9 %. The industry was highly fragmented with more than 1000 players out of which 30% of market was controlled by top ten companies and the rest of 70% by small companies. The Global pharmaceutical industry was estimated at $ 600 billion in 2013. Indian pharmaceutical industry has become more innovative and enterprising with more investment in R&D especially since the WTO agreement was signed. Indian drug makers command 10 per cent share in the USD 30 billion US generic drug market and also has the highest (over 150) US Foods & Drug Administration (FDA) approved facilities. US accounts for one-fourth of the Indian drug exports. The share of Indian pharma companies in the total approvals for generic drugs called Abbreviated New Drug Application (ANDA) has risen steadily. From 32 per cent in 2009, it went up to 38.5 per cent in 2013. Increasing share of Indian companies in total ANDAs approved by the USFDA can be attributed to increase spending by them for research and development (R&D) activities. As per CMIE’s database, the industry’s R&D expenses to sales ratio jumped to around five per cent in 2012-13 from around three per cent in 2003-04. The export of drugs from India is expected to grow by 4.2 per cent to USD 15.2 billion in 2013-14. Around USD 16.3 billion of drugs are likely to be...
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