...Medicare Policy Process The health care, policy-making process is composed of three major stages; the formulation stage, legislative stage, and the implementation stage. The policy process refers to the specific decisions and events that are required for a policy to be proposed, considered, and finally either implemented and/or set aside. It is an interactive process with multiple points of access providing opportunities to influence the multiple decision makers involved at each stage (Abood, 2007). Each stage presents a unique set of events for a policy to be proposed, considered, and either implemented or rejected. In the formulation stage there is an input of ideas, information, and research from government officials, citizens, and special interest groups. The issue is framed and the purpose and outcome is defined. Finally strategies are chosen and the necessary resources are identified. In the legislative stage the policy must be discussed by congress, agreed on and signed into law. In the implementation stage the policy is put into effect, human resources and funding are allocated. After a new policy is implemented, advocates, opponents, or other “interested parties” begin to consider the consequences of the decision and its implementation (Cockrel, 2007). Abood (2007), “The overall health care system, including the public and private sectors, and the political forces that affect that system are shaped by the health care, policy-making process” (The Policy Process...
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...6 May 2011 Heart-Health Insurance Information Security Policy Proposal By Thomas Groshong A review of the current New Users and Password Requirements policies and the proposed changes to these policies with justifications are listed below. Current Policies: New Users “New Users are assigned access based on the content of an access request. The submitter must sign the request and indicate which systems the new user will need access to and what level of access will be needed. A manager’s approval is required to grant administrator level access.” Current Policies: Password Requirements “Passwords must be at least eight characters long and contain a combination of upper- and lowercase letters. Shared passwords are not permitted on any system that contains patient information. When resetting a password, users cannot reuse any of the previous six passwords that were used. Users entering an incorrect password more than three times will be locked out for at least 15 minutes before the password can be reset.” A: Revised Policies: New Users “New Users are assigned appropriated access based on their role within the organization and their need to access specific data and/or data stores. The user and supervisor must submit a signed request and indicate which systems (Roles) the new user will need access to and what level of access will be required. To grant administrator level access an additional signature from a manager is required. New Users are required training on workforce awareness...
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...Babatunde History of insurance The first examples of insurance related to marine activities. In many ancient societies, merchants and traders pledged their ships or cargo as security for loans. In Babylon creditors charged higher interest rates to merchants and traders in exchange for a promise to forgive the loan if the ship was robbed by pirates or was captured and held for ransom. In post medieval England, local groups of working people banded together to create "friendly societies," forerunners of the modern insurance companies. Members of the friendly societies made regular contributions to a common fund, which was used to pay for losses suffered by members. The contributions were determined without reference to a member's age, and without precise identification of what claims would be covered. Without a system to anticipate risks and potential liability, many of the first friendly societies were unable to pay claims, and many eventually disbanded. Insurance gradually came to be seen as a matter best handled by a company in the business of providing insurance. Insurance companies began to operate for profit in England during the seventeenth century. They devised tables to mathematically predict losses based on various data, including the characteristics of the insured and the probability of loss related to particular risks. These calculations made it possible for insurance companies to anticipate the likelihood of claims, and this made the business of insurance reliable and profitable...
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...system of health care in the United States has remained a major topic of debate throughout the United States, especially since the 1980s. Healthcare costs in the United States have risen dramatically during the past 40 years, due in part to longer average life spans, which give rise to greater costs because older citizens require greater care, and the employment of technologies that extend the life of patients, which generally results in greater spending. Insurance costs have likewise increased dramatically, and a relatively large percentage of U.S. citizens and other residents are uninsured or underinsured. According to information from the census bureau in 2001, 41.2 million Americans, constituting 14.2 percent of the population, did not have Health Insurance. The healthcare system is largely controlled by the free market, which is believed to provide limitations on how much physicians and other specialists can charge to their patients. However, many critics of the current system, including organizations composed of physicians, note that the system has become largely bureaucratic and that cost-cutting measures and pressures caused by competition and the need for profit have reduced the effectiveness of medical practice. Despite these problems, many commentators have not been able to agree as to the proper level of control that state or federal governments should have over health care. Following World War II, the number of Americans that had private insurance policies grew dramatically...
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...Chapter 2 - Financing Healthcare for the Aged The aged in India—National Policy for the aged--Policy framework for reforms in Health in India— Health of the ageing population in India—Provision of healthcare: Access and Service quality— Financing of Health in India: Public and Private expenditure — Need for financial protection. Chapter 3 – Health Insurance in India Development of Insurance in India—Evolution of Health Insurance in India— Current Perspective. Chapter 4 – Need For Reforms In Health Insurance Existing Regulatory provisions- Need for Reforms from the Senior Citizens’ perspective Chapter 5 - Access To Health Insurance For Senior Citizens Products currently available for Senior Citizens—Underwriting practices of insurers—Affordability and accessibility Chapter 6- Product Design Proper product design—Design mechanisms: Insured persons; Providers; Insurers --- Basic, Standard, Enhanced products—Policy clauses—Health Insurance data—The ‘age’ factor— Overseas Travel Insurance— Government Subsidized and Low Cost Health Insurance Plans for Senior Citizens---Recommendations. Chapter 7– Risk Based Underwriting And Pricing Pricing adequacy and equity—Pricing of the mandatory cover for Senior Citizens—Underwriting based on health status-Affordability -Recommendations. Chapter 8 - Expanding The Coverage Of Health Insurance Socio-economic scenario in India—Penetration of Health Insurance in India—Health insurance for the elderly—Reaching out to Senior Citizens; Reaching the Elderly...
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...THE RIGHT TO HEALTH IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA WHAT DOES IT MEAN? Acknowledgements ...............................................................................................................i About the Center for Economic and Social Rights ...............................................................i Executive Summary............................................................................................................ ii Introduction......................................................................................................................... 1 I. The Legal Framework for the Right to Health ................................................................ 4 A. The Right to Health in the UDHR and ICESCR..................................................... 5 B. Substantive Elements Required to Fulfill the Right to Health................................ 6 C. Procedural Protections of the Right to Health ........................................................ 7 II. The Current U.S. System ............................................................................................ 8 A. The Legal Structure................................................................................................. 9 B. The Financial Structure: Who Pays? Who Profits? .............................................. 11 III. International Standards in the U.S. Context .......................................................... 13 A. Availability...........................
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...healthcare resources, costs and financial projections are analyzed to determine the infrastructure that will be required to deliver the benefits. This chapter focuses on the elements of healthcare benefits. WHAT IS THE NEED FOR HEALTH INSURANCE? Individuals at different age levels must ascertain their need for healthcare services. The uncertainty of one’s health and the expense of requiring hospitalization, physician care, or other health resources lead many to consider purchasing health insurance. As an economic and cultural decision, some purchase monthly benefits, while others choose only catastrophic care for unintended problems requiring hospitalization. 413 32400_CH17_Pass1.qxd 10/5/08 3:17 PM Page 414 414 Chapter 17 Fundamentals of Healthcare Benefits WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF HEALTH INSURANCE? Individuals (beneficiaries) may receive health insurance protection through several vehicles. They may be covered under federal and state government sponsored plans like Medicare and Medicaid, Blue Cross/Blue Shield service organizations, or health maintenance organizations (HMOs) and preferred provider organizations (PPOs). They also may participate in group insurance plans offered by their employers, or purchase individual insurance through mass...
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...Working Paper 46 November 2008 138 Union Street, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6 www.queensu.ca/sps Peter Hicksi Social Policy in Canada – Looking Back, Looking Ahead This paper discusses recent policy trends, the changing role of the various actors in the system, international comparisons and a range of other social policy topics. The immediate purpose of the paper is to examine the reasons why social policy analysts need to look into the future, and to explore ways of managing the inevitably large risks associated with such future-looking exercises. The underlying purpose, however, is simply to introduce a range of important Canadian social policy topic to students and others who are interested in social policy, but without much previous background in the areaii. The first part of the paper was taken directly from a 1994 presentationi that was intended to provide outside social policy experts (from Latin America in this case) with an overview of the Canadian social policy landscape, particularly of recent trends and possible future directions, mainly from a federal government perspective. At that time, major reform of social security policies was being discussed and I tried to give our visitors some flavour of the background to that reform, with particular emphasis on the i Peter Hicks was with the department of Human Resources Development Canada at the time of the 1994 paper which forms the basis of Part I of the present paper. The following year he left the Government...
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...The Evolution of Health Services in the United States Learning Objectives To discover historical developments that have shaped the nature of the US health care delivery system To evaluate why the system has been resistant to national health insurance reforms To explore developments associated with the corporatization of health care To speculate on whether the era of socialized medicine has dawned in the United States “Where’s the market?” 81 26501_CH03_FINAL.indd 81 7/27/11 10:31:29 AM 82 CHAPTER 3 The Evolution of Health Services in the United States Introduction The health care delivery system of the United States evolved quite differently from the systems in Europe. American values and the social, political, and economic antecedents on which the US system is based have led to the formation of a unique system of health care delivery, as described in Chapter 1. This chapter discusses how these forces have been instrumental in shaping the current structure of medical services and how they are likely to shape its future. The evolutionary changes discussed here illustrate the American beliefs and values (discussed in Chapter 2) in action, within the context of broad social, political, and economic changes. Because social, political, and economic contexts are not static, their shifting influences lend a certain dynamism to the health care delivery system. Conversely, beliefs and values remain relatively stable over time. Consequently, in the American health care delivery experience...
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...Your Provider is a HealthTexas Physician HealthTexas Provider Network is the 2nd largest subsidiary of Baylor Health Care System. We are a large network of close to 800 providers serving patients in almost 200 care sites throughout North Texas and Fort Worth who are dedicated to providing you with outstanding quality and service when it comes to caring for your medical needs. Having your healthcare needs overseen by a HealthTexas physician means that your care is coordinated across our network and the Baylor Health Care System. As long as you are seeing a HealthTexas primary or specialty care physician, we will have your completed registration packet and medical record securely stored in our Electronic Health Record system giving any HealthTexas physician access to the information they need to provide you and your family with the best care possible. Benefits of Belonging to HealthTexas Provider Network: • One Time Form Completion The registration forms you are filling out today will only have to be filled out once. (Some additional patient information may need to be updated annually) • Electronic Health Record (EHR) system The EHR stores your medical records (including any medications, allergies or health issues you may have) and allows physicians easy access to referrals, consultations, and patient education materials. • Improved Coordinated Care Our primary care sites are recognized by the National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA) as Physician Connections-Patient-Centered...
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...PROJECT MANAGEMENT PART 1 1. maximum wealth of a share holder 2. P*I*T 3. P( 1+I)T 4. do constant strategic planning 5. Search Project for Aspects of Close Encounters 6. market growth 7. A+B+I 8. none 9. – 10. Zero 11. Program Evaluation Review Technique PART 2 1. SINKING FUND PAYMENT: Money set aside in a special account to which regular contributions are made by way of additional money and/or interest on the money,with the plans that by a specified date the fund will be sufficient for a particular purpose. A means of repaying funds that were borrowed through a bond issue. The issuer makes periodic payments to a trustee who retires part of the issue by purchasing the bonds in the open market. From the investor's point of view, a sinking fund adds safety to a corporate bond issue: with it, the issuing company is less likely to default on the repayment of the remaining principal upon maturity since the amount of the final repayment is substantially less. This added safety affects the interest rate at which the company is able to offer bonds in the marketplace. 2. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PERT AND CPM MODEL:...
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...1.1 Origin of the Report Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA) Course requires a three months attachment with an organization followed by a report assigned by the supervisor in the organization and endorsed by the faculty advisor. I took the opportunity to do my internship in BRAC Bank Limited at its Head office at Gulshan-1, Dhaka. Here I have conducted my study on “Credit Approval & Monitoring process of BRAC Bank Limited” with respect to Bangladesh Bank guidelines. My faculty supervisor Mr Khandaker Zahidul Alam, Assistant Professor of BRAC Business School, BRAC University, also approved the topic and authorized me to prepare this report as part of the fulfillment of internship requirement and gave me proper guidance and assistance over time. 1.2 Background of the Report Four years back, Bangladesh Bank undertook a project to review the global best practices in the banking sector and examines in the possibility of introducing these in the banking industry of Bangladesh. Four ‘Focus Groups’ were formed with participation from Nationalized Commercial Banks, Private Commercial Banks & Foreign Banks with representatives from the Bangladesh Bank as team coordinators to look into the practices of the best performing banks both at home and abroad. These focus groups identified and selected five core risk areas and produced a document that would be a basic risk management model for each of the five 'core' risk areas of banking. The five core risk areas are as...
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...is an industry leader in plastics manufacturing and has earned international acclaim for its state-of-the-art plastic designs since 1991. Riordan Manufacturing is a company owned by Riordan Industries. “Riordan Manufacturing currently employs 550 people, and has manufacturing plants in Albany, Georgia, Pontiac, Michigan, and Hangzhou, China, and Corporate Headquarters in San Jose, California” (Apollo Group, Inc., 2006). They have taken the lead for the past 20 years in their design of products such as plastic bottles, fans, heart valves, and medical stents. As the company has expanded over the past few years, their business systems have expanded as well. This review analysis will identify existing system and subsystems for Riordan Manufacturing, Inc., and provide recommended system solution software, hardware and applications to improve current business processes and standards. Home Page Optimization In view of Riordin’s electronic information presence, the Web site Home page displays a meaningless banner that lends the company to twentieth-century technology. It provides no Web market presence. Optimization of the Riordin Web site Home page needs to be the focal point of their business system and sub-system upgrade. Now, companies have realized that database driven Web sites add new value and build a strategic advantage through better use of the internet and E-commerce. In the book, Marketing: An Introduction, the authors (Armstrong, G., & Kotler, P., 2011) define...
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...Request for Proposal UK‐1357‐14 Proposal Due Date – 04/17/14 Environmental Health & Safety Software‐Based Research Facilities Inspection and Recordkeeping System An Equal Opportunity University REQUEST FOR PROPOSAL (RFP) ATTENTION: This is not an order. Read all instructions, terms and conditions carefully. PROPOSAL NO.: Issue Date: UK-1357-14 RETURN ORIGINAL COPY OF PROPOSAL TO: 3/20/2014 UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY Environmental Health & Safety SoftwarePURCHASING DIVISION Based Research Facilities Inspection and 411 S LIMESTONE Title: Recordkeeping System ROOM 322 PETERSON SERVICE BLDG. Purchasing Officer: Joyce Holmberg LEXINGTON, KY 40506-0005 Phone: 859-257-9104 IMPORTANT: PROPOSALS MUST BE RECEIVED BY: April 17, 2014 @ 3 P.M. LEXINGTON, KY TIME. 1. NOTICE OF REQUIREMENTS The University’s General Terms and Conditions and Instructions to Bidders, viewable at www.uky.edu/Purchasing/terms.htm, apply to this RFP. When the RFP includes construction services, the University’s General Conditions for Construction and Instructions to Bidders, viewable at www.uky.edu/Purchasing/ccphome.htm, apply to the RFP. Contracts resulting from this RFP must be governed by and in accordance with the laws of the Commonwealth of Kentucky. Any agreement or collusion among offerors or prospective offerors, which restrains, tends to restrain, or is reasonably calculated to restrain competition by agreement to bid at a fixed price or to refrain from offering, or otherwise, is prohibited...
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...E ROLE OF LAW IN THE U.S. HEALTHCARE SYSTEM USING THE LAW TO PROMOTE OUR POLICY GOALS AND ETHICAL PRINCIPLES The study of law is more than simply memorizing a list of activities that are illegal, such as Medicare fraud or price-fixing. It is more than memorizing the penalties for particular violations, such as the number of years in prison one can receive for a class B felony or the fine for driving 50 miles per hour in a 35 mile per hour zone. It is more than trying to remember the names of court cases or the citations to statutes and regulations. Instead, law is a policy discipline and a social science. Moreover, the law is not cast in stone, but is subject to change. For hundreds or perhaps thousands of years, people have reconsidered and changed the rules that govern their activities. In a democratic society, we have the power to make further changes in the laws by which we live. Therefore, as students and scholars of law, we not only study the current state of the law, but also what we think the law should be. In particular, we consider how we can use the law to accomplish our goals of public policy. We begin this type of analysis by identifying a practical problem. For example, we may want to focus on discrimination, violence, environmental pollution, or inadequate access to healthcare services. Then, we try to figure out how to use the law and the legal system to solve that particular problem by creating a new law or by changing an existing law. ...
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