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Heath and Social Care

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Homeostasis

Day to day, we are exposed to many external stressors in the environment. These might be exercise, stress, anxiety, weather, changes of location. To survive these changes, our internal body is able to intelligently adapt. The maintenance of a constant and steady internal environment is controlled by homeostasis.

P5 Explain the concept of homeostasis

Describe homeostasis. For this, you must cover:

* Definition of homeostasis * Internal environment- THREE systems that need to be regulated (water levels or waste products; body temperature; blood glucose) * Concept of negative feedback as a regulatory mechanism

Websites: http://www.s-cool.co.uk/a-level/biology/homeostasis http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/add_aqa_pre_2011/homeo/homeostasis1.shtml M2 discuss the probable homeostatic responses to changes in the internal environment during exercise Identify and describe the homeostatic mechanisms and how they regulate a steady internal environment during exercise. Summarise - you do not have to explain this in lots of detail.

You must cover: * heart rate and how this is controlled by the autonomic nervous system (sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve system). The effects of increased body temperature and adrenaline on heart rate

* breathing rate and how this is controlled by the respiratory centre, diaphragm and intercostal muscles

* body temperature and how this is controlled by loss of heat by the body ( radiation, conduction, convection, evaporation), the role of the hypothalamus and of the skin (role of arterioles and sweat glands)

* blood glucose levels during exercise (changes in glucose levels in the blood): http://www.ehow.com/about_5436768_blood-glucose-levels-during-exercise.html Other websites: http://www.livestrong.com/article/480961-the-effect-of-exercise-on-homeostasis/ D2 evaluate the importance of homeostasis in maintaining the healthy functioning of the body.

Explain why homeostasis so important. 1. Start with an introduction explaining why it is important

2. Then explain that if homeostasis fails or there is an imbalance, disorders, disease and death may result: http://www.ivy-rose.co.uk/HumanBody/Homeostasis.php

3. Then refer to specific conditions linked to homeostasis e.g. * Heat stroke and hypothermia (this happens if BODY TEMPERATURE is not maintained but what are the body temperatures that can lead to death?) http://www.s-cool.co.uk/a-level/biology/homeostasis http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/add_ocr_pre_2011/homeostasis/bodytemprev1.shtml

* Diabetes (this happens when BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS are not maintained) http://www.wisegeekhealth.com/what-is-the-relationship-between-homeostasis-and-diabetes.htm

More references: http://www.biologyguide.net/hbio4/7_homeostasis.htm - A Level standard http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homeostasis - homeostatic imbalance correctly

Include: reference to effects (‘what if homeostasis fails’, ‘homeostatic imbalance’)
Illnesses/diseases (e.g. diabetes, hypothermia, heart failure)

http://www.biologyguide.net/hbio4/7_homeostasis.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homeostasis - homeostatic imbalance

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