...The customers, health care professionals and assisting organizations are integral part of health care system of the state. Every system has important objectives or goals to deliver heath care to its people. First and foremost goal is accessibility of health care to every individual of the state equally with stated standards with respect to its quality. Another major goal is to be cost effective system for the people of the state. Below listed are important components which are important for health care to function. Finance: People purchasing health protection plans or paying for the health care facilities deliver the required finance to the system for delivering smoothly to people of state. Health Care Services: Providing health care services...
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...Economic tools and concepts are used in health care to determine the accessibility as well as availability of health care to the public. The tools are also fundamental in determining the quality of health care services and facilities that are availed to different categories of people. Various key players in the industry hold critical roles in determining the nature of services offered at public as well as in private institutions although the government has a more significant role in regulating the health care industry. In the recent years, the health care industry has been hit by a severe shortage of health professionals as well as facilities such that most people rarely access the basic heath cares services. Tools such as elasticity, demand and supply curves as well as marginal analysis in the health care industry are used to present this scenario. Economic tools and concepts are used in health care to determine the accessibility as well as availability of health care to the public. The tools are also fundamental in determining the quality of health care services and facilities that are availed to different categories of people. Various key players in the industry hold critical roles in determining the nature of services offered at public as well as in private institutions although the government has a more significant role in regulating the health care industry. In the recent years, the health care industry has been hit by a severe shortage of health professionals as well...
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... | | |College of Natural Sciences | | |HCS/440 Version 5 | | |Economics: The Financing of Health Care | Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2005, 2004, 2002, 2000 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Course Description This course provides an overview of the economics of health care. The various payers are examined, including private, state, and federal entities. Issues such as the cost effectiveness of prevention, the management of patients and their diseases, as well as the cost of treatment settings are discussed. Third party reimbursement from various sources, ranging from for-profit insurance carriers to charitable donations, are reviewed. The health care system's use of grant funding and research dollars is described. Policies Faculty and students/learners will be held responsible for understanding and adhering to all policies contained within the following two documents: • University policies: You must be logged into the student website to view this document. • Instructor policies: This document is posted in the Course Materials forum. University policies are...
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...Heath disparities, Within the several studies applied by sociologists and economists in order to provide a general overview of the phenomenon related with the heath situation, a focus on the differences between the population in terms of health conditions is the component that mostly emerges and has to be deeply understood. Differences are to be classified as social advantages that an individual has in comparison to another one with a worse health situation. In this context many are the social economic variables influencing the individual’ s health level, such as education, income, occupation and race combined with the public health policy characterise the socioeconomic individual status (ses). Ses Definition: Robin Morris, 2000: “socio economic status refers to components of economic and social status that distinguish and characterize people”. The SES is the combination of socio-economical parameters which shows the individual’s position in the society in relation to the variables above mentioned. Before starting by plotting the relation within education and ses, it would be more useful to analyse the factors influencing the level of education and how these are effecting the quality and the expectancy of life. In particular lower ses affects negatively the student’s academic achievements because more educated individuals report better health and face lower mortality risk. Therefore a higher educational level causes better heath (Grossman 2006). Education...
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...Introduction Economics involves making choices. Individuals, groups, businesses, and organizations like health care organizations choose how to use resources. Economics and health care are interlinked in that heath care practitioner apply economics in their activities. This is mainly through resource allocation. A health carte organization has to plan how to use the resources it has. Economic and health care share some terms like cost, quality and resources. This paper analyzes how the terms are similar in economics and health care. Also, the paper analyzes how the terms differ in economics and health care. Terms In economic a resource is considered to be any physical thing or virtual element that has limited availability. It is also considered to be anything that is used to help people earn a living. Economists use the term resources to refer to different things (Chung, 2006). In economics there are different types of resource like human resources, natural resources. Human resources in economics mean human capital or employees in an organization. Resources can also mean factors of production. Natural resources are used in production. A resource in economics has economic value (Hall & Jones, 2007). Economists view resources in economics important as they help in production. Resources in economics are limited, and people have to look for ways of allocating resource Resources in health care means all materials and funds used to provide health care services to people. In addition...
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...An Analysis of Managed Care Name: Institution: Medical costs progressively consume a large part of the Gross Domestic Product of the United States. Various sectors that seek health services including the government are increasingly turning to a regulated form of financing and delivery of health services termed as managed care. All citizen in the United States is eligible for this form of care whose purpose is to make medical care accessible for all. This paper seeks to provide a thorough analysis of managed care detailing its role in the transformation of health services, its impact on various heath aspects including access, delivery of care and financing as well as the role of managed care in promoting costs. Exploration of Managed Care Managed Care involves a system of medical provision in which patients choose preferred doctors and hospitals to visit when in need of health services and the cost of treatment is monitored by a managing company. Managed care is key to the control of health care costs that focuses on preventive care to lower cost associated with curative care. Manage Care has three forms. They are Health Maintenance Organizations (HMO), Point of Service (POS), and Preferred Provider Organizations (PPO). Managed care strategies offer financial incentives to members who control their own health care expenses for instance through the lowering the prices of prescribed drugs (Shortell, Gillies, and Anderson, 1994). Health Maintenance...
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...Essay: The Health Care, Universal Insurance and International Comparison of Health Care Syetem Introduction In recent years, the availability and affordability of health insurance in United States has becomes the subject of much debate. About one in seven American has no health insurance at all, and for many people who are insured, the cost of coverage is a financial hardship. This situation has led some people to call for the government to provide health insurance for all citizens like other developed countries e.g. Canada, United Kingdom, Japan, Germany etc. Under this type of system, the state government or the federal government would provide insurance coverage, fixed by taxes for everyone. Those who support government-run health care believe that it has many benefits, including universal coverage, lower costs, and greater efficiency. Opponents contend that such a system would require budgets controls, forcing the government to decide whether and when person can receive certain health service. They believe universal health care would lead to lower quality care, long delay, greater government bureaucracy, and greater tax increase. However, whether universal insurance or not, the current health care system needed a reform and I believe Most American will prefer Universal health insurance to any other health care system because it guarantee coverage for everybody. Thesis: the rising cost of health care is a very critical issue in public debate nowadays. The situation...
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...Health Care Spending Does one know about health care spending and heath care expenditure in the United States? Health Care spending in the United States comes from several sources such as physician service, patient treatment, prescription drug treatment, administration cost, Medicare, Medicaid and hospital spending, These sources are just a very few of the sources of spending on healthcare in the United States. On March 23, 2010 President Obama passed the healthcare reform bill to help citizens with receiving affordable healthcare. Even though health care spending has improved over the years, health care is something that everyone needs and there is a possibility that this could change over the years to come. According to Santiago (2009), the goal of healthcare reform is to make healthcare more accessible and available to American citizens. Currently, the national health care expenditures are at a struggle but yet continue to grow. According to Foreman (2011) National health expenditures reached $2.1 trillion in 2006, after further revisions and a 6.7% increase from the previous year. This translated into $7,026 per person and 16% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (Foreman, 2011). These expenditures include but are not limited to those sources such as physician service, patient treatment, prescription drug treatment, administration cost, Medicare, Medicaid and hospital spending. The Obama Reform is a reform that has been transmitted to make healthcare available...
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...Assignment #1 – Health Care Issues in the United States July 17, 2011 Because the United States spends the most on a health care system, one would think that most people in the U.S. would be healthy. This is not the case. Surprisingly, the United States does not have a particularly high life expectancy rate. Within this paper I will discuss heath issues in the United States including how heath effects behavior, economics, and social structure. I will also include key stages of medical technology development and population demographics. Explain how health is affected by behaviors, economics, and social structure. Statistical data and reports show social behavior, economic status, and social structure are important determinants of health. According to Williams and Torrens, tobacco use, alcohol consumption, and illicit drug use are all examples of personal decision making and patterns of behavior that have a tremendous adverse effect on personal health and on the nation’s economy (Williams & Torrens, 2010) p.46. Individuals develop and live in social systems. People influence and are influenced by their families, social networks, the organizations in which they participate, their communities, and their society. Interventions to improve health or to influence health-related behavior can occur at any one or several of those levels. Several behaviors that exert a strong influence on health are tobacco use, alcohol abuse, physical activity, diet, and sexual practices.One example...
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...Health Promotion Among Diverse Populations Shannon Tumblin Grand Canyon University Family-Centered Health Promotion NRS-429V Denice Gibson February 22, 2015 Health Promotion Among Diverse Populations A person’s culture often delineates an individual or a group of individuals that have shared values, religious preferences, languages and lifestyles. Culture is typically passed from one generation to the next while lifestyle choices and tradition are picked up along the way. These choices have a great impact on the ability to live a healthy life. While there are many ethnic groups residing in the United States today, Hispanics have this highest number of residents with a sixty percent increase from 1990 to 2000. The United States is expected to populate up to 97 million Hispanics by the year 2050 which will account for approximately one-quarter of the U.S. population. (Escarce, 2002) The words Hispanic and Latino have a tendency to be used interchangeably here in the United States with regard to Spanish-speaking countries such as Mexico, Brazil and Costa Rica. The remainder of this paper will elaborate on the health promotion of the diverse population of Hispanics in the United States as well as the disparities and barriers associated with the health of these residents. Current Health Status of the Hispanic Population The health status of the Hispanic population, according to several government studies, is quite favorable in relation to other U.S. ethnic groups...
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...The disparities between income and economic status between races is staggering and is steadily continuing to rise. For Americans, evidence between the economic/racial differences within our economy lies within and are tied to our socioeconomic resources. Within Metropolitan areas of large cities, residential segregation is quite prominent and with residential segregation, lies a divide in socioeconomic status and the overall average income for those areas. Many studies have been conducted to observe the interplay and effects of this socioeconomic divide between races and collect data on the consequences and patterns in terms of schooling, employment, community resources, crime rates, single parenthood, and health. Socioeconomic status within...
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...This week’s case study involves issues related to health insurance that small businesses can face. John and Liza are small business owners who need to hire a new mechanic to work at their boat repair business. However, they are faced with a dilemma when it comes to hiring Robert, their best applicant; because his wife is ill and their already increasing insurance premiums will increase again. Their other employees have also contributed to the increasing premiums due to factors including age, gender and smoking. In order to hire Robert, John and Liza must weigh out their options and decide how to handle their premiums. John and Liza’s solutions could include giving incentives to those who quit smoking, asking the smokers to pay a larger portion of their health insurance costs or simply do nothing and incur the costs themselves. Another option is to divide the costs equally among all of the employees. Each option that John and Liza have as business owners has pros and cons associated with it. Their first option, to do nothing and incur the costs, will only make their financial situation worse. By hiring Robert, their premiums will rise again. With the couple absorbing the already increasing cost, hiring Robert will only put them in the hole more than they already are. In order to make the financial situation better, their best bet is to offer a small incentive to those mechanics that quit smoking. For the mechanics that choose to continue smoking, John and Liza could ask them to...
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...occupational therapy can be defined as “a practice that uses goal-directed activity to promote independence in function” (Jane Clifford O'Brien, Susan M. Hussey, 2007). Occupational can also be defined as “everything people do to occupy themselves, including looking after themselves (self-care),...
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...society where only 20 % of the children live in households with the father as the as the full time worker while the mother tender the family chore (The Council of Economic Advisers, 2014). Today, children are raised by single parents who double as employees of the labor market. The challenges of integrating family and work life are part of the daily reality of single parents. The challenges are experienced across all the socioeconomic levels. Single parents on pay jobs have family responsibilities; however, their jobs are designed as if they lacked them. For a long time, work and family life have been interdependent. However, the increase in the employment of mothers , and increased family working hours, and the trend toward long working hours have made the independence more problematic and visible (Ballyn, Drago & Kochan, 2001). Background to the Problem Creating a balance between a full-time working schedule and parenting is a challenge that most single parents have to contend with in the course of their daily lives (Favero & Heath, 2012). It is important to note that most of these single parents happen to be mothers who don’t live with the fathers of their children for one reason or the other. The fact that they live alone means that they need to support their families without any help. This often includes taking care of the utility and all other domestic bills. In this regard, single parents start at a disadvantage, because couples that live together have the...
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...Utilizing health education/promotion to promote health Health educators often utilize program planning in order to promote heath. They follow the steps of needs assessment, goal setting, developing intervention, implementation of intervention, and evaluation. These professionals create programs like smoke cessation programs, free screening, and passing out condoms on campus. As a profession we can also promote health through increasing awareness of determinants of health. Giving people the opportunity to learn about how socio-economic status, education, and environmental conditions effect health, will allow them to not only understand their situation but also the situations of others. This can help people become more empathic to the plights of others. In addition, they may be more willing to give a helping hand or vote for polices that benefit more people. In increasing awareness we can attain a higher quality of life. Health promotion/education professionals can promote heath equality and eliminate...
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