...When one thinks of cloning they make think back to a science fiction movie they saw where clones took over the world or a book of the same genre where clones did something evil. Cloning has always been looked at as a futuristic endeavor, but truth is that cloning is here already. The most famous case of cloning is with Dolly the Sheep, which was the first animal to be cloned from a somatic cell. With cloning comes a wide variety of potential for science, some of which include organ transplantations and reproductive uses. The latter is what will be focused on in this paper. Reproductive cloning is the process of creating an animal that is genetically similar to the donor animal through somatic cell nuclear transfer. This is the same process...
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...hi For other uses, see Hello (disambiguation). "Hallo" redirects here. For other uses, see Hallo (disambiguation). Hello is a salutation or greeting in the English language. It is attested in writing as early as the 1860s.[1] Contents [hide] * 1 First use * 2 Etymology * 2.1 Telephone * 2.2 Hullo * 2.3 Hallo and hollo * 2.4 Cognates * 3 "Hello, World" computer program * 4 The Apple DOS HELLO program * 5 Perception of "Hello" in other nations * 6 See also * 7 References * 8 External links ------------------------------------------------- First use Hello, with that spelling, was used in publications as early as 1833. These include an 1833 American book called The Sketches and Eccentricities of Col. David Crockett, of West Tennessee,[2] which was reprinted that same year in The London Literary Gazette.[3] The word was extensively used in literature by the 1860s.[4] ------------------------------------------------- Etymology According to the Oxford English Dictionary, hello is an alteration of hallo, hollo,[5] which came from Old High German "halâ, holâ, emphatic imperative of halôn, holôn to fetch, used especially in hailing a ferryman."[6] It also connects the development of hello to the influence of an earlier form, holla, whose origin is in the French holà (roughly, 'whoa there!', from French là 'there').[7] As in addition to hello,halloo,[8] hallo, hollo, hullo and (rarely) hillo also exist as variants...
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...meep blah blooop meep meep merrp merp hello hello hello hello heloo heloo hello hello hello hello hello hello hello my name I hello my name is hello my name is hello my name s hello my name is hello Helen erin jack fan fran san fran sisco Italy new york las angeles hello I hate English this is not fun yes it is not fun this sucks a lot yes it does I do not like this at all this smells like farts yes it does cuz English is a piece of poo and I hate it so much I would rather do math than this is hate this thank god im almost done with English this year meep blah blooop meep meep merrp merp hello hello hello hello heloo heloo hello hello hello hello hello hello hello my name I hello my name is hello my name is hello my name s hello my name is hello Helen erin jack fan fran san fran sisco Italy new york las angeles hello I hate English this is not fun yes it is not fun this sucks a lot yes it does I do not like this at all this smells like farts yes it does cuz English is a piece of poo and I hate it so much I would rather do math than this is hate this thank god im almost done with English this year meep blah blooop meep meep merrp merp hello hello hello hello heloo heloo hello hello hello hello hello hello hello my name I hello my name is hello my name is hello my name s hello my name is hello Helen erin jack fan fran san fran sisco Italy new york las angeles hello I hate English this is not fun yes it is not fun this sucks a lot yes it does I do not like this at all...
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...The Human Cloning Prohibition Act has repeatedly failed to pass in 1998, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2009, 2012, and 2015 which attempted to amend the Public Health Service Act. The Human Cloning Prohibition Act did not pass because of organ transplants, stem cell research, and genetic modification. The Human Cloning Prohibition Act has tried to have been passed in 1998, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2009, 2012, and 2015 and has failed every time. This is partially due to the vague definitions of the act of cloning in regards to scientific research. One such example of this is in the Human Cloning Prohibition Act of 1998 which stated that it is unlawful to use human somatic cell nuclear transfer technology(SCNT) (“S. 1601 – Human...”). SCNT is the process of taking the nucleus from an egg cell and replacing it with the nucleus of a somatic cell which is any cell other than a reproductive cell. The egg is then stimulated which causes the cell to divide and form a blastocyst, an embryo made of around one hundred cells. The reason why the Human Cloning Prohibition Act (HCPA) came to fruition is owed to the discovery of stem cells. This breakthrough which was discovered by James Thomson of the University of Wisconsin and John Gearhart of John Hopkins University caused questions to be raised about the ethical aspect behind cloning human parts. The researchers used SCNT to isolate and cultivate the stem cells. These cells serve as the building block of organisms and can be programmed...
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...Cloning is a very confusing subject. Somehow, scientists are able to clone an animal from only DNA. Scientists have come so far, that they have cloned extinct animals. Most of the animals die when they are young, but they are getting better at keeping these animals alive. There is also natural cloning. Identical twins is a type of natural cloning. Cloning is very interesting. The most important cloning that ever happened was Dolly the Sheep. Dolly the Sheep was the first cloned mammal ever. She was able to live for a while and even have children. There have been other very important cases of cloning. The first ever extinct cloned animal was a Pyrenean Ibex. Sadly, the sheep died just after it was born. There have been many other discoveries...
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...successful cloning was of Dolly the sheep. Though this was a huge stride for the scientific community, there has been many public riots against this action. Over the years scientists have researched and there has been several successful cloned animals; however, there have been many unsuccessful clonings. Throughout its history, cloning has overcome many obstacles. Scientists have discovered three types of cloning, anyhow, it is still not well received in society today. The founders of modern genetics, took the first steps in re-evaluating the previous theories used for cloning. August Weismann, Professor of Zoology and Comparative Anatomy at the University of Freiburg, proposed that cells can be manipulated by similar genetic organisms (Beale 2). Soon after Weismann’s theory was given public attention, two other scientists tried experimenting with his theory on manipulating similar organisms. During this time of trial and error, most of the animals used were small, such as: frogs, bird eggs, mice, and...
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...THE STORY ABOUT DOLLY SHEEP. In 1995 and 1996, researchers at the Roslin Institute in Edinburgh, Scotland, cloned mammals for the first time. Keith Campbell, Jim McWhir, William Ritchie, and Ian Wilmut cloned two sheep, Megan and Morag, using sheep embryo cells. The experiments indicated how to reprogram nuclei from differentiated cells to produce live offspring, and that a single population of differentiated cells could produce multiple offspring. They reported their results in the article "Sheep Cloned by Nuclear Transfer from a Cultured Cell Line" in March 1996. This experiment led the Roslin team to later clone mammals from adult body cells and to genetically engineer mammals. Several clones had been produced in the laboratory before Dolly, including frogs, mice, and cows, which had all been been cloned from the DNA from embryos. Dolly was remarkable in being the first mammal to be cloned from an adult cell. This was major scientific achievement as it demonstrated that the DNA from adult cells, despite having specialized particular type of cell, can be used to create an entire organism. How dolly was cloned, animal cloning from an adult cell is much more difficult than from an embryonic cell. So when scientists working at the roslin...
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...Cloned Animals Animal cloning Cloning is the most recent evolution of selective assisted breeding in animal husbandry. Cloning animals is a reliable way of reproducing superior livestock genetics and ensuring herds are maintained at the highest quality possible. How successful is it? Cloning animals through somatic cell nuclear transfer is simply inefficient. The success rate ranges from 0.1 percent to 3 percent, which means that for every 1000 tries, only one to 30 clones are made. Or you can look at it as 970 to 999 failures in 1000 tries. Here are some reasons: ▪ The enucleated egg and the transferred nucleus may not be compatible ▪ An egg with a newly transferred nucleus may not begin to divide or develop properly ▪ Implantation of the embryo into the surrogate mother might fail ▪ The pregnancy itself might fail Problems Cloned animals that do survive tend to be much bigger at birth than their natural counterparts. Scientists call this "Large Offspring Syndrome" (LOS). Clones with LOS have abnormally large organs. This can lead to breathing, blood flow and other problems. Can cloning save endangered animals? Scientists usually have a poor understanding of endangered animals' reproductive physiology, which makes it too risky to extract a sufficient number of eggs from that species or rely on females of that species to give birth to clones. What animals were first cloned? Over the last 50 years, scientists have conducted cloning experiments in a wide...
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... The debate over animal cloning will have an effect on our world for generations. When a whole organism is replicated from one single cell taken from the parent organism and in a genetically duplicate way, it is called animal cloning. Meaning the cloned animal is an exact duplicate of its parent, and has the exact same DNA. Other instances of cloning are when asexual reproduction in some particular organisms and the growth of twins from a solitary fertilized cell. However, now with the advanced biological technology, artificially recreating the process of animal cloning is a possibility. Pros and Cons: Some cons of the animal cloning process are a large percent of cases, birth defects occur like animals being born with two faces. Sometimes the defects will later manifest and kill the clone later in it’s life. During the course of pregnancy the cloning process fails often. Some pros of the animal cloning process are you know exactly how the animal is going to turn out, if it is successful. Animal cloning is also very useful for saving endangered animals from becoming completely extinct. Changing genetic traits is the next step to animal cloning, it can lead to medical benefits for animals and humans. My Vote: I am all for animal cloning, I think it has many benefits for animals and humans. For all the troubles with the cloning process, I just look it at like sometimes you have to lose some to win some. The more we research, the more we learn from it, therefor the more...
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...There are three types of cloning: reproductive cloning, gene cloning, and therapeutic cloning. Reproductive cloning involves creating an exact copy of an organism. An example of this is Dolly the sheep, the first mammal to be cloned. Gene cloning is the duplication of segments of DNA (which contain specific genes). Scientists often use gene cloning for research; for example, the creation of a plasmid with specific traits. Therapeutic cloning focuses on using a cloned embryo to derive embryonic stem cells for the treatment of different diseases. Both therapeutic cloning and reproductive cloning are done through the same process, somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). A somatic cell is a body cell (basically any other cell besides a sperm or egg cell). SCNT typically uses skin cells. The nucleus of a skin cell is removed and injected into an egg cell (that has had the nucleus removed). The egg cell with the nucleus of the skin cell will act like a newly fertilized egg. For the purpose of reproductive cloning, the egg can be implanted in the uterus of a surrogate...
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...College Education vs. Technical Training - College Education vs. Technical Training A few years ago, the DeVry technical institute released a commercial that compared two brothers in their educational pursuits. The younger brother started school at DeVry and graduated in two years. The older brother had chosen college and was still stuck in his dorm room studying history while his younger brother worked on the future. The question this commercial presented was obvious, why waste all that time in a university learning trivial facts which don’t apply to the real world when you can bypass it and still learn an important skill.... [tags: Argumentative Persuasive Educating Essays] 1329 words (3.8 pages) $29.95 [preview] America: Culturally Constipated? - ... Cultural pluralism or cultural diversity replaces the melting pot image with what is frequently described as a “mosaic” or almost a “tossed salad.” As Christine Bennett stated “each part retains some of its uniqueness while contributing to the beauty and strength of the whole composition.” The United States still has failed to become part of the tossed salad idea we don’t diversify with other cultures, why. Prejudice and racism is a root problem for cultural barriers within the borders of the United States.... [tags: American Culture] 763 words (2.2 pages) $19.95 [preview] Cultural Challenges Of Doing Business Overseas - The Cultural Challenges of Doing Business Overseas Steve Kafka, an American of Czech origin and...
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...1997: Dolly the sheep is cloned Scientists in Scotland have announced the birth of the world's first successfully cloned mammal, Dolly the sheep. Dolly, who was created at the Roslin Institute in Edinburgh, was actually born on 5 July 1996 although her arrival has only just been revealed. Dolly is the first mammal to have been successfully cloned from an adult cell. Previous clonings have been from embryo cells. The sheep's birth has been heralded as one of the most significant scientific breakthroughs of the decade although it is likely to spark ethical controversy. Scientists in Scotland cloned a ewe by inserting DNA from a single sheep cell into an egg and implanted it in a surrogate mother. They now have a healthy seven-month-old sheep - Dolly - who is an exact genetic duplicate of the animal from which the single cell was taken. DNA tests have revealed that Dolly is identical to the ewe who donated the udder cell and is unrelated to the surrogate mother. “It will enable us to study genetic diseases for which there is presently no cure” said Dr Ian Wilmut, Embryologist. | Embryologist Dr Ian Wilmut, from the Roslin Institute, said: "It will enable us to study genetic diseases for which there is presently no cure and track down the mechanisms that are involved." The research, published in Nature magazine, follows the Edinburgh team's success in cloning sheep embryos. Last year they produced two identical sheep, which were clones of an original embryo. The...
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...\While the history of cloning is relatively short, understanding how cloning came about is important to understanding the greater debate surrounding cloning. At the Roslin Institute in Edinburgh, Scotland, in July 1996, scientists produced the first animal cloned from an adult cell. Dolly the sheep was born early in 1997, shocking the scientific community and the world. Dolly was created through a process called cell nuclear replacement. A mammary cell of a six-year-old white Welsh Mountain sheep was transferred into the egg shell of a Scottish Blackface ewe (Calhoun Cash 2). Since Dolly’s birth, other species have been cloned as well, including mice, cattle, pigs, goats, rabbits, and cats (Calhoun Cash 2). Dolly’s birth and the development...
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...What does the future have in store for us? Scientist are starting to look into human cloning and the purpose for doing so is to have organ transplants and for experimentation. We have already cloned animals and the reason they do it, is mainly for testing. But, it did take a lot of tries before they could actual clone anything. One case that was heard around the world was the sheep called “Dolly”. She was produced by reproductive cloning and this all happens inside a laboratory. One day, scientists hope that a clone would be able to be used to treat serious diseases and failing organs. But, will it be possible. We do have advance technology and intelligent scientists with ambitious ideas. It would be cool but it is morally wrong because just with the first successful cloned human embryo can dominate the world....
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...Cloning in Society Cloning technology is already here, is being present since 1952 when the first known animals to be cloned were northern leopard tadpoles by Robert Briggs and Thomas J. Kings. Cloning came into the spotlight when Dolly the sheep became the most famous sheep in the word in 1996. Researchers declared it the first mammal to be cloned from an adult somatic cell. Cloning will have a major impact in society future years to come. In this paper I will discuss 3 major changes that cloning might have in 20 years. With cloning we will have longer life expectancies. In this day and age we have 123, 382 people waiting for an organ transplant. It takes 1 donor to save up to 8 lives. With cloning all this people wouldn’t have to wait for years for the possibility of getting an organ transplant. Also the organ has to be the same blood type as the receiver. Even with that the new organ will be rejected do to the white blood cells considering it a foreign object and harmful to the body. With cloning scientist would be able to create the exact copy of the organ the patients’ needs from his own cells. Therefore the white blood cells would not consider it foreign or harmful and the transplant would not run the risk of failing. We could have faster and more successful recoveries from traumatic injuries. From the professional athlete who tears their ACL to the person who becomes a quadriplegic because of a devastating automobile accident, recovery times could be lowered and...
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