Exam in MAN 214 1. Describe the major difference in the determinants of physical activity among children, adolescents and adult. a. Determinants of Physical Activity in Children and Adolescents i. Gender. Studies of different researchers identified some factors that affect the gender specific towards their view of physical activity. Bottom line, family influences during childhood have a positive effect on the physical activity patterns that children develop. ii. Ethnicity. Children of Asian origin were less active than children in other ethnic groups. In terms of ethnic differences, Asian Americans and Latinos reported the lowest level of neighborhood safety for physical activity, and African Americans and Latinos reported the fewest convenient facilities for physical activity. African Americans reported the highest level of television viewing per week (Sallis et al, 1996). iii. Socioeconomic Status. A study of 2, 285 children in 4th-6th grades in multiethnic, low-income urban neighborhood revealed that 20% of the girls and 25% of the boys were inactive. It particularly influenced participation in organized sports at or outside of school. Cost of participation and transportation may have posed major problems to parents. b. Determinants of Physical Activity in Adults iv. Influences on physical activity for middle-age adults include: past program participation, self-efficacy, benefits, barriers, spouse support, peer support, perceived available time, and access to facilities (King et al, 2002). v. For older adults, perceived barriers, self-efficacy expectations, and age were found to be important predictors of participation in physical activity among older adults (Conn, 1997, 1998). According to Campbell et al, (2001) older adults valued physical activity more for mental