Applied Arts and Fine Arts..............................................................................................................2
Opportunists and Competitors......................................................................................................3
Lascaux Cave Paintings ...................................................................................................................4
Electricity from Wind......................................................................................................................5
Meteorite Impact and Dinosaur Extinction ..................................................................................6
Groundwater ...................................................................................................................................7
The Origins of Theater....................................................................................................................8
Timberline Vegetation on Mountains ...........................................................................................9
Architecture....................................................................................................................................10
The Origin of the Pacific Island People .......................................................................................17
The Geologic History of the Mediterranean ..............................................................................22
Ancient Rome and Greece............................................................................................................23
Agriculture, Iron, and the Bantu Peoples ....................................................................................24
The Rise of Teotihuacan ...............................................................................................................25
Extinction of the Dinosaurs ..........................................................................................................26
Running Water Mars.....................................................................................................................27
Colonizing the Americas via the Northwest Coast ....................................................................28
Reflection in Teaching...................................................................................................................29
The Arrival of Plant Life in Hawall ..............................................................................................30
Chinese Pottery..............................................................................................................................31
Variations in the Climate ..............................................................................................................32
Seventeenth-Century European Economic Growth...................................................................33
Ancient Egyptian Sculpture...........................................................................................................34
Orientation and Navigation.........................................................................................................35
Begging by Nestlings .....................................................................................................................36
Which Hand Did They Use? .........................................................................................................37
Transition to Sound in Film..........................................................................................................38
Water in the Desert .......................................................................................................................39
Types of Social Groups .................................................................................................................40
Methods of Studying Infant Perception ......................................................................................41
Children and Advertising..............................................................................................................42
Maya Water Problems ..................................................................................................................43
Pastoralism in Ancient Inner Eurasia............................................................................................44
1
TPO
P1
Applied Arts and Fine Arts
fine-art
Fine art or the fine arts describes an art form developed primarily for aesthetics and/or concept rather than practical application. applied-art
Term describing the design or decoration of functional objects so as to make them aesthetically pleasing.
It is used in distinction to fine art, although there is often no clear dividing line between the two areas.
pertain to bound by regardless of determine depart from norm Inca take … for granted discipline constrain distribution canvas taut deteriorate intrude upon conception Renaissance foreleg cannonball hoof aesthetic intention compromise iron brace exaggeration practitioner
realm mythical clan substantiate indecipherable
(cipher ) geometric elongated prone trance state lengthwise Shaman narrative credence camouflage conceive field sphere
4
TPO
P97
Electricity from Wind
wind turbine megawatt Denmark residential In principle moderate emit heat-trapping carbon dioxide manufacture graze rancher sth1 has an advantage over sth2 additional backup drawback interfere with hawk, falcon, and eagle pit champion eliminate dwarf electrocute transmission favorable excluding project (v.&n.)
sth1
sth2
shortage
n.
n.
disadvantage
v.
n.
vt.
…
v.
,
,
,
,
,
5
TPO
P103
Meteorite Impact and Dinosaur Extinction
meteorite impact dinosaur extinction hazard collide with ecological catastrophe
Cretaceous period intrigue paleontologist flourish trillion envelop enrich rare metal iridium diluted by excavated from crater component lunar block plunge nitric acid spray out presumably tentatively evolutionary burst ecological niche due to perspective fundamentally criterion subject to random investigate responsible for unsuspected ,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
...
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
…
…
( ),
,
(
,
)
,
,
…
6
TPO
P109
Groundwater
saturate circulate soak precipitation emerge sand grain pebble unconsolidated gravel coarse sediment be laden with
,
,
,
,
,(
)
(
lade vt. outwash fanwise overlie So much for be plugged with cementing porous proportion crystalline basalt permeability cavity crevice drain cling to tension sandbar
[
),
load
]
,
…
…
(pore)
,
,
( ) ,
porosity
,
,
7
TPO
P114
The Origins of Theater
speculation concrete champion anthropologist envision myth ritual perceive attribute to supernatural apparent formalize representative accompanying celebration sophisticated modify divorce from autonomous aesthetic efficacious fundamental pantomime impersonation rhythmical gymnastic virtuosity grace antecedent cease fantasy objectify whereby penchant for detached comic deviation ridiculous nevertheless ,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
...
,
,
…
…
…
8
TPO
P120
Timberline Vegetation on Mountains
timberline vegetation transition tundra vertical shrub herb semiarid steppe moisture tropics
Polar Regions subtropics moist evergreen deciduous broadleaf birch
Himalayas
deformed latitude ridge duration favorable be prone to frost cessation smother avalanche ultraviolet ibex sufficient alpine tundra adjacent to moss lichen prostrate microhabitat rigor …
9
TPO
crucial insulation equatorial prevalent P125
Architecture
complement feasible mediocre contemporary trace achieve employ dramatically devise in relation to downward gravity compression integral enormous minimum comparable component vital igloo adobe structure availability arduous pile Inca
Machu Picchu
Peru
segment span horizontal divert be borne by vertical breakthrough
Pacific
Melanesia
Micronesia
Polynesia
New Guinea
Solomons
Vanuatu
New Caledonia scattered estimate speculation encounter
Egypt
Israel implicit deprecate navigational anthropologist navigate colonize infer found drift balsa balsa log raft reed appropriate domesticated marginal inventory implement prerequisite originate Austronesian emerge (
)
[
]
(
)
archaeology reconstruction sugarcane breadfruit coconut sago foundation effective maritime adaptation outrigger overseas voyaging maroon accomplish deliberate stock with simulation political dynamics derive undisputed pre-Columbian presence ,
,
…
,
…
…
17
TPO
P174
The Cambrian Explosion
Cambrian geologic timescale eukaryotic nuclei evolve diversification multicellular document paleontologist interpretation fossilize sediment decomposition exclusively
Ediacara
distribution date to
Precambrian
represent ancestor locale be assigned to arise marine animal unassignable detritus algae arthropod progression niche evolutionary sequence await descendant
(nucleus
)
…
…
…
…
18
TPO
P180
Powering the Industrial
Revolution revolution harness reign available windmill abound textile intend be desirable for movable exploit piston cylinder condense vacuum invent embody stroke devise reciprocate thereby transform inefficient consumption liberate eliminate rival oil lamp flickering grow accustomed to gaslit starve for blast furnace bellow raw material retain monopoly spin cotton multiply ten times over turnpike ingredient lie close haul puff laden wagon flange … spring from
virtue gravitas ( pietas ( devotion to justitia infinitely thorough disgust worshipper be predisposed to predisposition might subtlety imitator continuator mere inventor novelty disdain enormous moral philosophy successor be fluent in
…
speculative somehow tension sb is of high caliber
Epistle
P203
Ancient Rome and Greece
cohesiveness regularity peculiarly cement realm bond monolithic entity psychological physical bond network garrison station enforce conduct utterly obsession whereas scores of scattered lane assemble territorial conquest stark undeniable marching legion be wedded to wedded emphasis instinct imperative priority exploitation defense fertile foster …
prosperous agricultural productivity expansion cultivation at the expense of
…
Dutch reclamation spectacular potential peasant accumulation surplus investment facilitate
…
intrinsic textile utilize rural cottage take advantage of
…
ravage spun (spin
)
wove
(weave
) linen scant remuneration in an attempt to supplement v.&n. meager income rye Baltic States
Spain
Portugal
European
handicraft
Flander
smelting mining marshal
n.
capital financier medieval promissory specified
Antwerp
slightly exaggerate bills of exchange equivalent guilder currency authorize loan principal function infusion stem stem from
Spanish
vessel joint joint-stock innovation permanent
orientation navigation robin vacation v. not A so much as B
A
perplex initiate orient navigate caged migratory restless flutter ( starling n. overcast adj. surmise apparent under these circumstances compass determine preposterous in order identical stationary respect to revolve inner alter disorient
…
artificial shift compensate for planetarium domelike ceiling project rotate n.
B
B
A
)
(liáng)
35
TPO
advantageous exaggerated gene propagate in effect at the expense of overall otherwise
P269
Begging by Nestlings
begging nestling impose on overly songbird cheep peeps hawk raccoon defenseless swallow predator trial warbler species versus relative conceal vulnerable bitten (bite associate prediction victimize survey detect pinpoint derive accurate worthwhile adjust intensity nestmate deprive robin sibling vigorous on the basis of secure ...
transition transformation theatrical watershed mute periodization paradox organ musical accompaniment elaborate aural presentation alongside crafting dialogue narrative composition symphony orchestra premiere Soviet Union composer screening overshadow aesthetic simultaneously startling suppress retard format put off utilize strain novelty fade inadequacy synchronization amplification fragile invariably evaluation off the mark neglect take into account in a sense electronics telecommunications avenue exploitation broadcasting industry asset revitalize dual take account of prohibitive swift enormously 38
humanness in the course of interaction sustain bound bind bond instrumental invest … in commit … to endow sociologist distinction primary secondary intimate cohesive predominate entail impersonal perceive in their own right gripe gossip enhance mill about disperse initiate rapport size up proximity interlocking infant breeding ground transmit mediate interpret oneness solidarity ...
...
companionship implication dispense worthwhile ostracize deviate from employ shunning device line elicit conform carrier enforcer
outlook misleadingness tactic exaggeration at the expense of verify offset counterbalance disclaimer qualification cereal content analysis adept be fond of rational appeal celebrity intention attribute animate conflate validated endorse in question
pastoralism steppe millennia prestige militaristic profound domesticated carnivore nomadism striking ancestral to in part stock breeding exploit portability surplus household by and large inequality military conquest hereditary hierarchy gender soften
