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Help for Math

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Matematikrapport nr. 8 i 3.c Ma. Afleveres onsdag den 6. feb.

a) Nulpunkterne for den funktion f, hvis graf er vist i opgavebeskrivelsen er:

b) Hvorfor nulpunkterne er interessante når fortegnsvariationen for f skal bestemmes.

Ved nulpunkter kan funktionsværdierne skifte fortegn og det er netop derfor, at de er interessante.

c) Bestemmelse af fortegnsvariation for f.
Funktionen f har positiv fortegn i intervallerne og
Og negativ fortegn i intervallerne og

d) Aflæsning af lokalt maksimum og lokalt minimum for f lokalt maksimum er -3 og lokalt minimum er 1.

e) Aflæs på grafen monotoniintervaller for f. Dvs. aflæs de intervaller, hvor funktionen er voksende og de intervaller, hvor funktionen er aftagende.
Funktionen er voksende i intervallerne og
Funktionen er aftagende i intervallerne

g) Bestem f´(x). Både uden hjælpemidler og vha. Maple.

Uden hjælpemidler:

De forskellige led differentieres og vi starter med x3. Tretallet rykkes ned foran x og der trækkes én fra opløftet værdi så det bliver 3x2. Dernæst differentieres 3x2 igen rykkes totallet ned og der trækkes én fra den opløftet værdi så det bliver 2x. Dette ganges på tretallet som i forvejen stod foran x’et og vi får 6x. Når 9x differentieres fjernes x’et og tilbage står 9. Alle konstanter der differentieres fjernes og det færdige differentieret f ser således ud:

Med hjælpemidler:
I stedet for Maple bruges TI-89 til at differentiere og følgende kommando:

Naturligvis fås samme resultat.

h) Løs ligningen f´(x) = 0. Både uden hjælpemidler og vha. Maple. Begrund at grafen for f har vandrette tangenter i nulpunkterne for f’.
Uden hjælpemidler:

Ligningen løses.

a=3 b=6 c=-9

Diskriminanten findes:

Med hjælpemidler:

Følgende kommando skrives på TI-89:

solve(3x2+6x-9=0,) x=-1 v x=3

i) De tre nulpunkter for f’ opdeler definitionsmængden for f i fire intervaller. Anfør disse fire intervaller.

j) Vælg en x-værdi i hvert af de fire intervaller og beregn f´(x) for hver af de fire x-værdier.

k) Brug de fundne værdier for f´(x) til at bestemme monotoniintervallerne for f.

Der tegnes en monotonilinje:

1
0
-3 x +
-
+
0
f´(x)

voksende aftagende voksende

Linjen viser at fra minus uendelig til -3 er den voksende fra -3 til 1 er den faldende og fra 1 til uendelig er den voksende.

Opgave 2.

En funktion g er givet ved

a) Tegn grafen for f i Maple. Brug Maple til at bestemme nulpunkter for f. Bestem fortegnsvariation for f. Brug Maple til at bestem lokalt minimum og maksimum for f.

Nulpunkterne for g bestemmes:

ligningen g(x)=0 løses

for at bestemme fortegnsvariationen differentieres ligningen og derefter løses ligningen g’(x)=0

aftagende: og voksende: lokalt minimum er når x=-4 lokalt maksimum er når x=0,5

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