...Gritty Realism During the 1890s, many women were limited to what they were allowed to do. They could not go to school, have a job, or even vote. Men viewed women as though they were only meant to bear children and be a housewife. However, a writer by the name of Kate Chopin was a voice for women all the over the world. Two of her most famous writings are “The Storm”, and “Story of an Hour”. Within these two writings, she discussed issues that many other women writers would have avoided. Another writer who was famous for his portrayal of gritty topics was Ernest Hemingway. One of his most memorable writding is titled “Hills like White Elephants”. These writers were able to write about challenging realistic new ideas such as freedom after the death of a love one, abortion, and adultery. Although some of these stories are deemed gritty, Hemingway’s “Hills like White Elephants” deals with realistic issues couples often face. These writings also have ironic undertones such as, when Mrs. Mallards dies from seeing from dead husband and the girl who thinks about abortion, but notices greener fields on the other side of the track. Furthermore realism is when an author intends to tell real life events to his/her audience. Realism can appear in many different aspects of society. When it comes to writing, realism focuses on the average individual, and can be heard as a voice for the ordinary human being. There is a focus on realistic people and events. For example in...
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...Ernest Hemingway (1899-1961), born in Oak Park, Illinois, started his career as a writer in a newspaper office in Kansas City at the age of seventeen. After the United States entered the First World War, he joined a volunteer ambulance unit in the Italian army. Serving at the front, he was wounded, was decorated by the Italian Government, and spent considerable time in hospitals. After his return to the United States, he became a reporter for Canadian and American newspapers and was soon sent back to Europe to cover such events as the Greek Revolution. During the twenties, Hemingway became a member of the group of expatriate Americans in Paris, which he described in his first important work, The Sun Also Rises (1926). Equally successful was A Farewell to Arms (1929), the study of an American ambulance officer's disillusionment in the war and his role as a deserter. Hemingway used his experiences as a reporter during the civil war in Spain as the background for his most ambitious novel, For Whom the Bell Tolls (1940). Among his later works, the most outstanding is the short novel, The Old Man and the Sea (1952), the story of an old fisherman's journey, his long and lonely struggle with a fish and the sea, and his victory in defeat. Hemingway - himself a great sportsman - liked to portray soldiers, hunters, bullfighters - tough, at times primitive people whose courage and honesty are set against the brutal ways of modern society, and who in this confrontation lose hope and...
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...An American icon, noble price winner, heavy drinker, serious hunter, lovely father, and much more, Ernest Hemingway has really captured people’s imaginations with his writing and actions. There are only quite a few people who are all rounded like Ernest Hemingway. Ernest Hemingway had made his name very popular with his writing skill and adventures. Born on July 21, 1899 in suburban Oak Park, IL to Dr. Clarence and Grace Hemingway, Ernest was the second of six children to be raised in a quiet suburban town by his physician father and devout musician mother. Indeed, Hemingway's childhood pursuits fostered the interests, which would blossom into literary material. Although Grace hoped her son would be influenced by her musical interests, young Hemingway preferred accompanying his father on hunting and fishing trips; this love of outdoor adventure would later be reflected in many of Hemingway's stories, particularly those featuring protagonist Nick Adams. Hemingway's aptitude for physical challenge remained with him through high school, where he both played football and boxed. Due to the permanent eye damage he contracted from numerous boxing matches, Hemingway was repeatedly rejected from service in World War I. Boxing provided more material for Hemingway's stories, as well as a habit of likening his literary feats to boxing victories. In addition, Hemingway did not enjoy journalism as much as writing novels, therefore he wrote to Gertrude Stein, now a very good friend in Paris...
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...never even spoken. Yet Hemingway literally paints the picture of a divided landscape capturing the intense internal struggle raging in the heart of young Jig. Symbolically sitting at a train station between “two lines of rails in the sun,” (Hemingway) Jig must decide which direction she will head. Her decision will be final, and there will be no turning back. The train heading home will mean the birth of her child and a future of being a mother. “The express from Barcelona” (Hemingway) heading to Madrid will allow her to continue a carefree life and forget her unborn child ever existed. The dilemma is complicated, but her options are not. To abort or not to abort, there is no middle ground. They are tracks which will never cross. Her male companion, who we know only as “The American,” is pushing Jig to have the abortion, but for Hemingway this is not a political debate, it as deeply private human struggle. “Abortion” is never mentioned. It is only alluded to through the couple’s cryptic dialogue. The American assures Jig “It’s not really anything. It’s just to let the air in” (Hemingway). In the 1920’s and 1930’s, abortions were performed using vacuum aspiration in which a pump sucked out uterine contents and literally “let the air (back) into the mother. To the American, the entire matter is “awfully simple” (Hemingway). For Jig the choice is anything but straightforward. For whatever she chooses, there will be consequences. Hemingway uses the...
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...The iceberg technique: Hemingway made a technique, called “The iceberg technique”. When he wrote his stories, he didn`t give that much information. He wrote some very short sentences, that were understanding enough, and his writing language therefor became very minimalistic. The title “The iceberg technique” alludes to that there is more meaning between the lines, than there is in the lines. It`s up to the individual to interpret forward to what each single line means, because the most of it is unsaid. Therefor it`s called “The iceberg technique”, because there I more under the lines (The part of the iceberg that is under the water – its what you doesn`t read, but it’s the meaning about the lines), than there is over the lines (The part of the iceberg that is over the water – its what you read). Ernest Hemingway made “The iceberg technique” because he believed that the writer could describe one thing though an entirely different occurs below the surface. I have 2 examples from the text, where Hemingway used “The iceberg technique”. 1) It is written on side 22, line number 3, and it says: Uncle George gave both the Indians cigars. - Uncle George gave them cigars as a gift, because he is the father to the baby. 2) It is written on side 25, line number 17, and it says: “Where did uncle George go?” - Uncle George went to take care of the baby. Re-write a scene from Indian camp from a different point of view: I am an Indian woman that lives in the wood, right...
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...“I have decided, or rather I decided several months before it started, or may be several years say, not to write propaganda in this war at all. I am willing to go to it and will send my kids to it and will give what money I have to it but I want to write just what I believe all the way through it and after it. It was the writers in the last war who wrote propaganda that finished themselves off that way. There is plenty of stuff that you believe absolutely that you can write which is useful enough without having to write propaganda….If we are fighting for what we believe in we might as well always keep on believing in what we have believed, and for me this is to write nothing that I do not think is the absolute truth.” -To Maxwell Perkins, Finca Vigia, Cuba, May 30, 1942 It would be nice to designate the Second World War with a factual title, such as The Good War, or The Best War Ever, but in retrospect neither of these titles would be an honest opinion to the military or the civilian victims of the war. Historians and journalists alike, being that one cannot be the other and therefore should never be confused but for the instance of the following should be entitled to the same mistakes, insinuate that the portrayal of the Second World War was an accurate one without the tremendous censorship and propaganda that transpired out of the First World War. Undoubtedly, to believe such an apparent statement of propaganda would be to dismiss the actions and the transformation of...
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...Ernest Hemingway uses symbolism to help the reader gain a better perspective of how the protagonist feels in his story. Symbolism occurs when the author uses one thing to represent another. This helps to give the reader a better idea of the situation or feeling in a given scene. There’s several types of symbolism utilized by authors. One type is conventional symbolism. Conventional symbolism is common to the area where the story takes place. While another type is personal which simply is closely tied to the individual. Still a third type of symbolism is universal, which holds a widely understood meaning. As we read "Hills Like White Elephants" we notice how Hemingway integrates both personal and conventional symbolism in order to help the reader relate to the situation. As the story begins the reader is thrust into the lives of two individuals who wait in a small bar for their train to come. The symbolism is evident as early as the description of the setting when the introduction says, "The hills across the valley of the Ebro were long and white. On this side there was no shade and no trees…". This opening statement describes the actual landscape and also describes the situation that the two characters face which is dismal and dark. The reader might possibly wonder about what the other side of the hill looks like. The opening sentence might also be used as conventional irony since the hills are local to the setting of the story. The opening description of the setting later...
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...4 Essay - 1900-1945 Fiction Ernest Hemingway Ernest Miller Hemingway was an American author during the 20th Century, and many of his writings are a staple of American literature. Hemingway's was such a successful author because the characters he created in his work seemed real to the reader and could be related to. Among his works he published seven novels, six short story collections, and two non-fiction works during his lifetime; also three novels, four collections of short stories, and three non-fiction works were published after his death. (Nobel Prize) During his lifetime, he was awarded with, Silver Medal of Military Valor in World War I, Pulitzer Prize in 1953 (for The Old Man and the Sea) Nobel Prize in literature in 1954 (also partly for The Old Man and the Sea) In 2001, two of his books, The Sun Also Rises and A Farewell to Arms, would be named to the list of the 100 best English-language novels of the 20th century by the editorial board of the American Modern Library. (Noble Prize) Hemingway was born in Oak Park, Illinois, a suburb of Chicago, on July 21, 1899. (Belasco, 976) His father was a physician, and Ernest was the second of six children born to Dr. and Mrs. Clarence E. Hemingway. His mother with considerable music talent hoped that her son would develop an interest in music. Instead, Hemingway acquired his father's enthusiasm for guns and for fishing trips in the north woods of Michigan. (Belasco, 976) Hemingway writes in a deceptively simple manner...
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...Ernest Hemingway The author's life: * Ernest Miller Hemingway was born on July 21, 1899, in Oak Park, Illinois, a suburb of Chicago. His father was a physician, and his mother, was a musician. * Beginning his career as a journalist for the Kansas City Star, Hemingway chose the newspaper instead of pursuing a college career, and although he only stayed with the Star for a mere six months, he used the newspaper’s style guide as a foundation for his writing. Later, The Star named Hemingway its top reporter for the last hundred years. * Unable to pass the physical examination due to poor vision, Hemingway could not join the United States Army as his father had hoped. Instead, he chose the Red Cross Ambulance Corps and served on the Italian front. One of his first short stories entitled, A Natural History of the Dead was written after witnessing the brutalities of war. After a war injury, a romantic relationship with one of his nurses spurred the writing of A Farewell to Arms and A Very Short Story. * After the war, Hemingway returned to newspaper work with the Toronto Star. In 1921, he married his first wife and they eventually moved to Paris and then to Canada. During this time period, Hemingway wrote some of his greats such as The Sun Also Rises, A Moveable Feast, and In Our Time. * In 1927 Hemingway divorced Hadley Richardson and married Pauline Pfeiffer. * The rest of his life contained triumphs such as For Whom the Bell Tolls, the Pulitzer Prize in...
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...Ernest Hemingway has been the most influential writer of the last century. His writings have proved to be jewels in English literature. From 1925 to 1929, Ernest Hemingway produced some of the most important works of 20th century fiction; including the landmark short story collection In Our Time (1925) which contained "The Big Two-Hearted River." In 1926 he came out with his first true novel, The Sun also Rises (after publishing Torrents of Spring, a comic novel parodying Sherwood Anderson in 1925). He followed that book with Men without Women in 1927; it was another book of stories which collected "The Killers" and "In Another Country." In 1929 he published A Farewell to arms , arguably the finest novel to emerge from World War I. Let us consider the following essays for today’s discussion on the topic of Hemingway’s artistry skills. • Sudden Unexpected Interjection by David Gagne 1 • An Essay on In Our Time by Nathan Kotas 2 • Preludes to a Mood in The New York Times October 18, 1925 3 • Love and War in the pages of Ernest Hemingway by Percy Hutchinson 4 Ernest Hemingway had the most unique and colourful style of writing . He used symbolism. His style of writing involved getting right to the core of the scene without spending much time on building of characters. He used simple and declarative language. But this unique style of writing, made many feel that Hemingway was an artist in his essence. Lets find what these four people have to say on this particular aspect of Ernest...
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...Ernest Hemingway (1899-1961), born in Oak Park, Illinois, started his career as a writer in a newspaper office in Kansas City at the age of seventeen. After the United States entered the First World War, he joined a volunteer ambulance unit in the Italian army. Serving at the front, he was wounded, was decorated by the Italian Government, and spent considerable time in hospitals. After his return to the United States, he became a reporter for Canadian and American newspapers and was soon sent back to Europe to cover such events as the Greek Revolution. During the twenties, Hemingway became a member of the group of expatriate Americans in Paris, which he described in his first important work, The Sun Also Rises (1926). Equally successful was A Farewell to Arms (1929), the study of an American ambulance officer's disillusionment in the war and his role as a deserter. Hemingway used his experiences as a reporter during the civil war in Spain as the background for his most ambitious novel, For Whom the Bell Tolls (1940). Among his later works, the most outstanding is the short novel, The Old Man and the Sea (1952), the story of an old fisherman's journey, his long and lonely struggle with a fish and the sea, and his victory in defeat. Hemingway - himself a great sportsman - liked to portray soldiers, hunters, bullfighters - tough, at times primitive people whose courage and honesty are set against the brutal ways of modern society, and who in this confrontation lose hope and faith...
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...Ernest Hemingway from film The Famous Authors Series Ernest Hemingway: A Concise Biography 1996 born 1899 Oak Park, Illinois, a wealthy suburb of Chicago died 1961 Ketchum, Idaho (61 years) A. Residences Lived in Illinois, Kansas City, New York, Italy, Paris, Canada, Austria, Spain, China, Key West, Africa, Cuba, Idaho B. Major Works The Torrents of Spring 1926 In Our Time – collection of related stories 1925 The Sun Also Rises 1925 A Farewell to Arms 1928 Winner Take Nothing 1933 “A Clean, Well-Lighted Place” The Snows of Kilimanjaro 1935 To Have and to Have Not 1937 The Green Hills of Africa 1938 “The Short, Happy Life of Francis Macomber” For whom the Bell Tolls 1940 The Old Man and the Sea 1952 awarded Nobel Prize for Literature in 1954 A Moveable Feast 1964 posthumous C. Themes – driven by action expressed through minimalism and realism Fighting against the odds or against difficult forces Struggling against mighty forces Surviving among other humans Competing with other men Falling in love D. Style of Writing Minimalism – clear, terse prose often driven by action, only a sketch presents the story using dialog to furnish characterization and motive readers must fill in the bare essentials by analyzing the setting, characters, and sequence of events as well as the symbols E. Friends and Expatriate Americans who moved...
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...------------------------------------------------- Hemingway & minimalism * Indian Camp * Making something as small as possible * As few details as possible * In architecture: light and simple * Minimal dialogue + symbols * Cutting a long story short * “Iceberg-technique” FOR SALE: BABY SHOES, NEVER WORN. Short story by Hemingway * Perhaps a miscarriage * In a shop? * Shopaholic * Someone who gave up the baby plans * Just six words makes the reader think and wonder A very short story A 5 sentence summary of the text The text is about an American soldier, who gets wounded in Italy, where he falls in love with his nurse, Luz. They decide to get married and move to America. The soldier moves there first, and then Luz was supposed to come over later, but she has an affair with an Italian major, but they don’t get married either. In the end, they lose all contact and the soldier gets gonorrhoea. a) What is the point of view? Omniscient. Who is the protagonist? The American soldier. Probably Hemingway, as it is mostly based on his own life. Is the ending open or closed in your opinion? I think the ending is closed, because you get closure. b) Characterize “him” and Luz: The protagonist is an American soldier. He is very likely based on Ernest Hemingway, as most of his work is based on his own life, and it fits very well with the story about how he fell in love in the war. Luz...
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...Literary Biography December 13, 2013 Ernest Hemingway led a life one can only imagine in stories, but started from a rather boring town called Oak Park in Illinois. This life began on July 21, 1899. Perhaps his own stories are a place you can get an idea of this author’s life. Many critics say that he mirrored a lot of stories from his own life, and knowing a little about his real life, you can draw the parallels from fact to fiction. Hemingway spent his summers in Michigan, in a small cabin in the woods next to the Ojibway Indians, whom he was very good friends with. His father, Clarence, taught him the way of nature, including how to identify plants, hunt and fish, among other things. Ernest liked his father, who committed suicide in his mid-fifties. Two of his siblings also committed suicide (he was one of six). His mother was “cold and domineering,” and some say she emasculated his father. In his adult life, he was married four times, but “When I saw my wife again standing at the tracks as the train came in by the piled logs at the station, I wished I had died before I ever loved anyone but her.” This quote, which I think gives a testament to how beautifully he could write, is speaking of his first wife, Hadley, whom he met and married within a year. They had a son together, but after Hadley was at fault in getting his collection of stories stolen, their relationship wouldn’t recover. When in high school, Hemingway’s love for writing started to show. He wrote for...
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...bullfight. But if you read the whole story you can see that the bullfight is a synonym for what Mr Elliot goes threw. In the introduction a boy is hidden away under the cape, just like Mr Elliot is hidden away in his own room at the end of the story. The story have a very dynamic mood all the way threw and even though it’s the man who is left alone in a room in the end and the women who lays in bed with her girlfriend, you still get the feeling that it’s the lady who is miserable. All along she has been living in this illusion of a perfect life; Her having a baby with a young, talent man that apparently only have loved her. She tries to escape her real identity; that she’s a lesbian and that she’s way too old for him, as it said in the story. Hemingway uses a strange and interesting language. In the start it’s very boring and even a child can understand it. It refers to their relationship, which in that point is boring but easy. Through the story their relationship becomes more complicated – and so do the language. The climax comes where she has to choose between Mr Elliot and the baby –...
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