...London School of Engineering and Materials Science Laboratory report writing instructions DEN101 - Fluid Mechanics 1 Flow Rate Measurement Experiment A. Student Student Number: 1234567 Version 2.0, 27 November 2010 Template for Word 97-2003 Abstract This document explains what is expected in your Fluids 1 lab report. The sections that should be covered are outlined and a structure you could follow is proposed. Detailed advice on how to edit the report is given. The document concludes with the marking criteria for this lab report. Table of Contents Abstract 2 1. Introduction 3 1.1. Writing 3 1.2. Editing and formatting 3 1.3. Content of the introduction 4 2. Background and theory 4 3. Apparatus 4 4. Test 4 5. Experimental procedure 4 6. Results 5 7. Discussion 5 8. Conclusions 5 9. References 5 10. Appendix A: Marking criteria 6 Introduction Before starting to write a report, you should think about what is your audience. Am I writing for colleagues who want a lot of detail how it is done, or am I writing for my boss who just wants an executive summary as he has no time for details? In general, there is not a single type of audience and we have to make our writing suitable for the detailed read, as well as the fast perusal. To understand what is required from you in this report, please have a look at the marking criteria in the Appendix. 1 Writing To limit...
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...Lacey Tucker PA203 Unit 3 Medical expenses/billing report Professor Olson August 17, 2014 Medical Service | ChargedTo HMO | Agreedto | % Diff. | $ Diff. | Typical Cost | % Diff. | $ Diff. | | | | | | | | | Office Visit | $ 60.00 | $ 45.00 | 25% | $ 15.00 | $ 47.50 | 20.83% | $ 12.50 | Pain Medication | $120.00 | $100. | 17% | $20 | $85.75 | 28.54% | $34.25 | Plastic Surgery | $15,000 | $15,000 | 0% | $0 | $14,000 | 6.7% | $1000.00 | Physical Therapy | $75.00(per visit) | $55.00 | 27% | $20. | $50.00 | 33.3% | $25.00 | Chiropractor | $ 100.00(Per visit) | $ 70.00 | 30% | $ 30.00 | $ 57.00 | 43% | $ 43.00 | Total Overages Date | Charge Type | Amount Overcharged | | | | 03/01/2002 | Office Visit | $ 15.00 | 03/15/2002 | Office Visit | $ 15.00 | 04/01/2002 | Office Visit | $ 15.00 | 04/15/2002 | Office Visit | $ 15.00 | 05/01/2002 | Office Visit | $ 15.00 | 05/15/2002 | Office Visit | $ 15.00 | 03/01/2002 | Pain Medication | $ 20.00 | 04/01/2002 | Pain Medication | $ 20.00 | 05/01/2002 | Pain Medication | $ 20.00 | 06/01/2002 | Pain Medication | $ 20.00 | 03/01/2002 | Physical Therapy | $ 20.00 | 03/08/2002 | Physical Therapy | $ 20.00 | 03/15/2002 | Physical Therapy | $ 20.00 | 03/22/2002 | Physical Therapy | $20.00 | 03/29/2002 | Physical Therapy | $ 20.00 | 04/07/2002 | Physical Therapy | $ 20.00 | 04/15/2002 | Physical Therapy | $20.00 | 04/22/2002 | Physical Therapy | $ 20.00 | 04/29/2002 | Physical...
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...REVIEW ARTICLE H e p a t i t i s M o n t h l y 2 0 0 7 ; 7 ( 3 ) : 1 5 3 -1 6 2 1 Hepatitis C among Hemodialysis Patients: A Review on Epidemiologic, Diagnostic, and Therapeutic Features Seyed-Moayed Alavian 1, Seyed Mohammad-Mehdi Hosseini-Moghaddam 2*, Mohammad Rahnavardi 2 M M M 1 Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences & Tehran Hepatitis Center, Tehran, Iran 2 Urology and Nephrology Research Center (UNRC), Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major public health problem and is the most common liver disease among hemodialysis (HD) patients. The seroprevalence of HCV infection among HD ranged from 1.9% to 80% in reports published since 1999. The main risk factor for HCV acquisition in HD patients seems the length of time on HD. Phylogenetic analysis of HCV viral isolates has suggested nosocomial patient-to-patient transmission of HCV infection among HD patients. Lack of strict adherence to universal precautions by staff and sharing of articles such as multidose drugs might be the main mode of nosocomial HCV spread among HD patients. Currently, there are several dilemmas on the management of these patients: should HCV-RNA testing be included in the routine screening of HD population for HCV infection?; does periodic serum alanine aminotransferase testing have a role in screening HD patients for HCV infection?; can dialysis really 'save'...
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...seen by his primary provider for complaints of fatigue, anorexia, swelling of hands, face, and ankles, muscles cramps, and increased difficulty breathing. He has a 3-year history of poorly controlled hypertension related to non-adherence to the medical regimen. His B/P routinely runs in the range 155-165/92-102. His B/P today was 170/105. The client does not like to take pills and feels that they are not necessary. He also has been reluctant to modify his diet and likes to eat fried foods. He does not think his eating habits are causing any problems. Because of these symptoms, the client was admitted to the hospital for treatment and further evaluation. His lab values and renal studies confirmed the diagnosis of end stage kidney disease. Because of the severity of his problems, he was started on hemodialysis. What is the likely cause of his kidney failure? Explain your answers His kidney failure is caused by uncontrolled blood pressure and lack of treatment compliance. When you have uncontrolled high blood pressure it affects the kidneys because the blood vessels narrow and stiffen causing the nephrons in the kidney to work harder. Eventually if hypertension is left untreated it can lead to end stage renal disease because the nephrons in the kidney are no longer able to filter out the toxins such as nitrogen waste which builds up in the blood. They also are unable to maintain fluid or electrolyte balance. Eventually ESRD is demonstrated by decreased glomerular filtration...
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...Aims and Objectives Aims On the completion of the seminar students gain the knowledge regarding hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis and will utilize this knowledge with a positive attitude. Specific Objectives The group will able to; * Define dialysis * Describe the history of dialysis * Explain the principles of dialysis * Enumerate the indication of dialysis * Explain details about hemodialysis * Describe details about peritoneal dialysis * List down the Psychosocial Issues In ESRD Patients * Dietary Management Dialysis Patient * Nursing Responsibilities Introduction The introduction of dialysis as a lifesaving treatment for kidney failure was not the result for any large scale research programme, rather it emerged from the activities of a new pioneering individuals who were able to utilize ideas, materials, and methods from a range of developing technologies. Hemodialysis as a routine treatment for renal failure was introduced in the late 1970s. The recognition for the need for immunosuppression in the transplantation and the lack of availability of transplant in the 1960s enabled it to become the preferred treatment for many patients. Definition Dialysis is the movement of fluid and molecules across a semipermeable membrane from one compartment to another. Clinically dialysis is a technique in which substances move from the blood through a semipermeable membrane and in to a dialysis solution called dialysate. Historical Evolution...
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...the coders and billers how to correctly code for dialysis billing. He mentions that The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid, issued a transmittal that has revised the Medicare claims processing manual as it pertains to hospitals billing for dialysis procedures that are non covered under the ESRD benefit for emergency dialysis. In addition, the author discusses how the hospitals should utilize Healthcare Common Procedure Coding System billing code G0275 and code 90935 for hemodialysis. Only to bill G0275, if the hospital is a ESRD facility, emergency services, and when dialysis is performed with related procedures, such as a vascular access procedures or when performed following treatment for an unrelated medical emergency. The author also continues to elaborate on procedure code 90935, in that, this code should be used for hospital inpatient, whether they have ESRD or not and has Part B coverage only. As the billers and coders take note of the correct coding, for dialysis and hemodialysis, they will receive a reimbursement for both procedure codes of $436.56, each time they are billed. This method of correct coding /billing for those...
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...on the team will conduct a weekly visit all together while Natalie receives her hemodialysis treatment. The nephrologist, dialysis nurse, social worker, and dietician will assess Natalie’s lab results and care plan in a monthly meeting, (Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute, 2011-2016). Determinants of Health Many things can act as determinants of health and have an impact on the probability of a diagnosis. The higher the income an individual has, the more likely they are to be in good health and have less stress. According to Crews and Johns (2013), increased risk of ESRD and mortality is shown to be associated with low socioeconomic status (SES). Low SES is also linked with unhealthy choices and overexposure to pollutants and toxins. Other factors are social support networks, genetics, health services, gender, and race. In Natalie’s case family history, gender, and race played a role in her diagnosis of kidney failure. Indicators of Health According to Health Indicators Warehouse (n.d.), nearly 188 out of 1,000 deaths occur in hemodialysis patients. The website provides further data for different population groups per 1,000 patients. Patients over 65 had the most incidents with 285 compared to 45.9 for patients under eighteen. Females and males have similar rates: females 187.2 and males 188.7. For African Americans, it is 143.8. A study was also conducted on the amount of hemodialysis patients who are waitlisted and/or expected to receive a kidney transplant from a...
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...Abstract: Renal failure can take its toll on those affected patient and family. At the end of 2009, there were 572,569 U.S. resident under treat for End-stage Renal Disease (ESRD). Among the U.S resident with ESRD, there were 150.5 deaths per 1,000 patient totaling 88,620 deaths in all patients undergoing ESRD treatment. With so many experiencing the disease, understanding how it occurs and progresses might prove useful. Table of Contents Introduction…………………………………………..…………………………………..4 Mechanisms of Fluid Regulation………………………………………..7 Discussion……………………………………………………………………………….8 Etiology/Cause……………………………………….………….............8 Clinical Manifestations…………………………………………………11 Labs and Diagnostic Tests……………….……………………………..11 Treatment……………………………………………………………………………......13 Pharmacological…………………………………………………..……15 Nutritional………………………………………………..…………….15 Dialysis…………………………………………………………………16 Introduction The kidneys are bean shaped organs that are approximately 12cm long, 6cm wide and 2.5 cm thick. They are highly vascular, receiving 25% of cardiac output. The kidneys efficiently separate the excess of fluids, electrolytes, and metabolic by-products to produce urine. The kidneys’ location is described as retroperitoneal which means they are located outside and posterior to the abdominal cavity but lateral and anterior to the lumbar spine. Both kidneys are protected by the posterior rib cage; with the right kidney slightly lower then the left because of liver...
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...HEPATITIS B August 25, 2014 The definition of hepatitis is the inflammation of the liver. The liver is the largest organ in the body and functions to digest food, store energy and remove toxins. Hepatitis is caused by a variety of factors such as toxins, certain drugs, heavy alcohol use and bacterial or viral infections. The three most common types of viral infections that affect the liver are Hepatitis A, B and C. (CDC). This paper will focus on hepatitis B. Hepatitis B is a highly contagious infection of the liver caused by the Hepatitis B virus (HBV). Infection can be acute or chronic. Acute Hepatitis B is short term and occurs within the first 6 months after exposure. Chronic Hepatitis is long term and the virus remains in a person’s body. (CDC) Hepatitis B is spread through contact with an infected person’s blood, semen or body fluids via activities that involve skin puncture or mucosal tissue contact. Examples of such activities include sex, exposure to sharp objects, needle sticks, sharing razors, toothbrushes with an infected person, intravenous drug use etc. A mother can also pass the disease on to her child during delivery. (Caple) The average incubation period of the virus in adults is about 3 months, after which symptoms begin to appear and may last several weeks to months. Symptoms of acute hepatitis include jaundice, fatigue, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, fever, loss of appetite, dark urine and joint pain. Complications that...
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...HBSP Product Number TCG 5 rP os t THE CRIMSON PRESS CURRICULUM CENTER THE CRIMSON GROUP, INC. Lakeside Hospital A hospital just can’t afford to operate a department at 50 percent capacity. If we average 20 dialysis patients, it costs us $425 per treatment, and we’re only paid $250. If a department can’t cover its costs, including a fair share of overhead, it isn’t self-sufficient and I don’t think we should carry it. op yo Peter Lawrence, M.D., Director of Specialty Services at Lakeside Hospital, was addressing James Newell, M.D., Chief Nephrologist of Lakeside’s Renal Division, concerning a change in Medicare’s payment policies for hemodialysis treatments. Recently, Medicare had begun paying independent dialysis clinics for standard dialysis treatments, and the change in policy had caused patient volume in Lakeside’s dialysis unit to decrease to about 50 percent of capacity, producing a corresponding increase in per-treatment costs. By February of the current fiscal year, Dr. Lawrence and Lakeside’s Medical Director were considering closing the hospital’s dialysis unit. Dr. Newell, who had been Chief Nephrologist since he’d helped establish the unit, was opposed to closing it. Although he was impressed by the quality of care that independent centers offered, he was convinced that Lakeside’s unit was necessary for providing back-up and emergency services for the outpatient centers, as well as for treatment for some of the hospital’s seriously ill inpatients. Furthermore...
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...Medication Sheet Medication/Dose/RouteClassificationGeneric/Trade Name | Action | ContraindicationAdverse Effects | Nursing Considerations | Acetaminophen/500mg/ By MouthAntipyretic& Analgesic (nonopioid)Acetaminophen/TylenolCarvedilol/6.25mg/By MouthAlpha- and beta-adrenergic blocker & AntihypertensiveCarvedilol/CoregDocusate Sodium/100mg/By MouthLaxative stool softenersDocusate Sodium/ColaceFurosemide/40mg/By MouthLoop diureticsFurosemide/Lasix | Reduces fever by acting directly on the hypothalamic heat-regulating center to cause vasodilation and sweating, which helps dissipate heat.Carvedilol causes vasodilation by blocking the activity of α-blockers, mainly at alpha-1 receptors. It exerts antihypertensive effect partly by reducing total peripheral resistance and vasodilation. It is used in patients with renal impairment, NIDDM or IDDM.Promotes incorporation of water into stool, resulting in softer fecal mass, may also promote electrolyte and water secretion into the colon. It increases the amount of water and fat absorbed by the feces, softening the stool and making it easier to pass.Inhibits the reabsorption of sodium and chloride from the loop of Henle and distal renal tubule. Increases renal excretion of water, sodium, chloride, magnesium, potassium, and calcium. | Contraindicated with allergy to acetaminophen. Use cautiously with impaired hepatic function, chronic alcoholism, pregnancy, lactation. Adverse effects CNS: Headache CV: Chest pain, dyspnea, myocardial...
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...College of Nursing End Stage Renal Disease 20 to Diabetic Nephropathy Presented by: Balgos, Rachelle Ann Dayto, April Feranil, Daniel Fulinara, Janice Fuentes, Maila Joy Garrido, John Paolo Mendoza, Kenneth Robert Nazareno, Jhon Ryan Olfindo, Kristine Joy Sombilon, Jorgette Kim *** In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirement in NURS 60 for the Degree Bachelor of Science in Nursing TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Demographic Data 4 II. Chief Complaints 4 III. History of Present Illness 4 IV. Past Medical History 5 V. Developmental History 6 VI. Heredo-familial History 15 VII. Gordon’s Functional Health Patterns 16 VIII. Physical Examination 22 IX. Diagnostic Test 43 X. Anatomy and Physiology 75 XI. Pathophysiology 81 XII. Case Management 82 XIII. Nursing Care Plan 107 ABSTRACT “"The divine is not something high above us. It is in heaven, it is in earth, it is inside us..." - Morihei Ueshiba We, group 2 of Level III section 2, have chosen this case to gain more knowledge about the mechanism of End Stage Renal Disease and its process. Our patient C.C is a 51 -year old male who was diagnosed to have diabetes mellitus seventeen years ago and now has End Stage Renal Disease due to Diabetic Nephropathy. His disease leads to fluid accumulation to his lungs and edema on his extremities. Our group chose the case because it is also our...
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...Intensive Care Unit Assignment By, Barkha Bijlani MBA-HHM (2012-14) 12040141007 Intensive Care Unit Introduction: Timely and efficient management by doctors combined with concerted nursing efforts have revolutionized the management of critically ill patients. With the persistent demographic trend towards an aging population nearing the age of 65 and above, the number of patients requiring critical care will rise but many patients who might have had no chance of survival can now be treated successfully. And during last two decades critical care medicine has undergone rapid changes and emerged as a discipline by itself. Intensive care units (ICU), also called critical care or intensive therapy departments, is highly specified and sophisticated area of a hospital which is specifically designed, staffed, located, furnished and equipped, dedicated to management of critically ill patients whose conditions are life-threatening and need constant, close monitoring and support from equipment and medication to keep normal body functions going. It is a department with dedicated medical, nursing and allied staff. It operates with defined policies; protocols and procedures, having its own quality control, education, training and research programmes. It is emerging as a separate specialty and can no longer be regarded purely as part of anaesthesia, Medicine, surgery or any other speciality. It has to have its own separate team in terms of doctors, nursing personnel and other...
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...Organ Transplant in the United States Stephanie Daniels UCA Certificate of Authorship I hereby certify that I am the author of this document and any assistance I received in preparing this report is fully acknowledged. I have also cited in APA format all sources of data, data analysis, ideas, words, phrases, or sentences. I also hereby certify that I have not submitted this paper to any other professor, at Webster University or elsewhere, during the course of my educational career. I have properly cited and acknowledged material that was presented in previous papers of my authorship. Signature: __________________________________________________ Date: __________________________________________________ TABLE OF CONTENTS Page # Abstract……………………………………………………………………………………3 Organ Transplant…………………………………………………………………………..4 What Organs and Tissues Can Be Donated……………………………………………….6 Organ Transplant Cost…………………………………………………………………….10 Ethical Issues: Organ Transplant…………………………………………………………..11 Strength and Weaknesses……………………………………………………………….....14 Alternatives and Key Challenges: Organ/Tissue Transplant……………………………...15 Summary and recommendations…………………………………………………………...17 References…………………………………………………………………………………19 Abstract Organ transplant experiments began in the 1800’s on animals and humans as a need...
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...Surviving A review of the latest guidelines By Julie Miller, BSN, RN, CCRN 2.0 ANCC CONTACT HOURS AFFECTING MILLIONS OF people worldwide, sepsis is a systemic response to an overwhelming inflammatory process caused by an infection. Approximately one in four people who develop sepsis will die.1 In January 2013, the international Surviving Sepsis Campaign Guidelines Committee published its 2012 surviving sepsis guidelines (SSG), an update to the 2008 guidelines for early identification and management of sepsis in adults.1 The guidelines highlight the importance of screening every potentially infected patient for sepsis and providing best-practice interventions for managing sepsis, severe sepsis, and septic shock. This article provides an overview of care for the adult patient with sepsis, focusing on sepsis identification and the first 6 hours of goal-directed treatment according to current guidelines. Defining sepsis Sepsis is the presence of infection along with systemic manifestations of infection. If sepsis isn’t recognized and treated early, it progresses rapidly to severe sepsis, defined as sepsis plus sepsis-induced organ dysfunction or tissue hypoperfusion. Sepsis-induced tissue hypoperfusion is defined as infection-induced hypotension, elevated lactate level, or oliguria.1 24 l Nursing2014 l April Copyright © 2014 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Unauthorized reproduction of this article is prohibited. www.Nursing2014.com D VOUGAO/iSTOCK ...
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