...The study took place at the Institute for Global Health Technologies in Rice University, Houston. The main purpose of the research is to investigate if chromatography paper can serve as a low-cost medium for accurate spectrophotometric detection of blood hemoglobin concentration (Rebecca et al 2013). Blood samples was obtained through the vein from the participants who gave informed consent. Seven different chromatography papers are used to test the qualitative appearance of uniform spreading of blood spotted on sodium deoxycholate-treated paper and the repeatability of spectrophotometric measurements of these blood samples with high and low hemoglobin concentrations. The results were used to calculate the hemoglobin concentration of samples in each validation set, and the calculated hemoglobin concentrations were compared to the concentrations obtained from HemoCue. HemoCue is known to be the best and accurate method used to detect blood hemoglobin concentration, but this method is expensive. The result of this study shows that blood spotted on paper were correlated with the hemoglobin concentration of the sample obtained with a HemoCue (Rebecca et al 2013). The study showed that chromatography papers can be used to replace HemoCue because it is cheaper and...
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...This paper will describe what sickle cell anemia is, how it effects the human body; as well as the oral cavity. Sickle cell anemia is a hereditary disease caused by abnormal hemoglobin, which causes the red blood cells to have low oxygen levels (National Heart, Lungs and Blood Institute, 2015). Sickle cell anemia is inherited only if both parents have the disorder because it is caused by the genetic abnormality of hemoglobin (webMD, 2015). When there is abnormal hemoglobin it can produce sickle hemoglobin (webMD, 2015). This causes the red blood cells to stick together and create long rod shaped red blood cells when oxygen leaves the cell (webMD, 2015). When this happens it causes the symptoms of sickle cell anemia (webMD, 2015). In people...
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...Biology Research Paper Samantha Reid University Seven time consecutive Tour De France champion and yellow rubber band seller of the decade openly admitted to blood doping. His name was Lance Armstrong and not only did he live through cancer, but he was one of the greatest athletes the world has ever known. His list of achievement goes on until his banishment for professional racing and the stripping of his titles. He admitted to using banned substances including steroids and blood doping in an interview with Oprah Winfrey on January 17, 2013. Why would a man with so many accomplishments cheat the system with prohibited procedures and the use of illegal performance drugs? The three topics that rise in answering why Lance Armstrong blood doped is explaining what blood doping is, the advantage and disadvantages of it and drug use in profession sports. To describe what blood doping is one must first understand some key terms. Hemoglobin is a red protein responsible for carrying oxygen in your blood. Another key term is the cardiovascular system and this is an organ system that distributes the blood throughout the body to deliver nutrients and remove waste. And the respiratory system is the organ system that carries out gas exchange in your body. These three things all work together hand in hand like a smooth operating clock. The respiratory system gets the oxygen from the air and transports it to the blood carried in the hemoglobin. The oxygen enriched hemoglobin rides along...
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...expression of defective hemoglobin on chromosome 11 resulting irregularly shaped red blood cells also known as “sickle cells” because they look like a sickle or are in a crescent shape. The normal red blood cells are round, smooth and deliver oxygen to cells throughout the body but a cluster of sickle shaped cells blocks the blood flow, causing painful attacks and sometimes stroke. Due to their different shape and chemistry, they are controlled by many free radical processes. This paper will talk about the frequency this disease, inheritance pattern, genetic changes, current research and/or efforts to develop vaccine, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of sickle cell anemia....
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...Sickle Cell Disease is an illness that affects people all across the globe. This paper will give a description of the sickness through the discussion of the causes, symptoms, and possible cures. Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) is a "group of inherited red blood cell disorders."(1) These disorders can have various afflictions, such as pain, damage and a low blood count--Sickle Cell Anemia. Sickle cell disease is the most common inherited blood disorder in the United States. Approximately 80,000 Americans have the disease. In the United States, sickle cell disease is most prevalent among African Americans. About one in 12 African Americans and about one in 100 Hispanic Americans carry the sickle cell trait, which means they are carriers of the disease. Sickle cell disease is caused by a mutation in the hemoglobin-Beta gene found on chromosome 11. Hemoglobin transports oxygen from the lungs to other parts of the body. Red blood cells with normal hemoglobin (hemoglobin-A) are smooth and round and glide through blood vessels. In people with sickle cell disease, abnormal hemoglobin molecules - hemoglobin S - stick to one another and form long, rod-like structures. These structures cause red blood cells to become stiff, assuming a sickle shape. Their shape causes these red blood cells to pile up, causing blockages and damaging vital organs and tissue. Sickle cells are destroyed rapidly in the bodies of people with the disease, causing anemia. This anemia is what gives the disease...
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...November 2014 Abstract: The paper you are about to read will inform you about the disease Sickle cell Anemia. It will explain to you about what Sickle cell Anemia is and how you develop it. This paper will also tell you the symptoms and who can get it. While reading the information you will understand all about the disease and how it’s treated and can it be cured. Also in the paper it will inform you about the difference in Sickle cell Anemia and Sickle cell Trait. Lastly, In the paper you are about to learn all you need to know if someone in your family has Sickle cell Anemia and what they go through and how to actually understand it. In today’s society many kids and adults face the disease called Sickle-cell Anemia. This disease is well known throughout many states and countries. Sickle-cell Anemia is when red blood cells are not shaped as normal blood cells. They are shape in a crescent moon like shape which creates different blockages from the normal cells to pass through. The reason why is because the actual sickle cells become sticky to the point where they stick on the blood vessels wall. Many people know that red blood cells carry nutrients and oxygen from the lungs throughout the body. With the blood vessels flow being blocked and the blood cells shape being crescent there is not enough oxygen being pushed through the body. The red blood cell also carries, “iron rich proteins” (nhlbi.nih.gov) which is called hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is, “proteins in red blood cells...
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...Cell Disorder Research Paper Sickle cell anemia is a disease passed down through families in which red blood cells form an abnormal sickle or crescent shape. Red blood cells carry oxygen to the body and are normally shaped like a disc. Sickle cell disease refers to a group of inherited red blood cell disorders. It is the most common genetic disease in the U.S. An estimated 70,000-80,000 Americans have sickle cell disease. Normal red blood cells are round like doughnuts, and they move through small blood tubes in the body to deliver oxygen. Sickle red blood cells become hard, sticky and shaped like sickles used to cut wheat. When these hard and pointed red cells go through the small blood tube, they clog the flow and break apart. This can cause pain, damage and a low blood count, or anemia. What is sickle cell trait? A person with the sickle cell trait does not have (and will never have) sickle cell disease. However, the presence of the trait may impact his/her children How do you get sickle cell disease? Sickle cell disease is not contagious; you cannot "catch" it. You inherit it from your parents. If, for example, one parent has normal hemoglobin ( type AA) and the second parent has abnormal hemoglobin ( type AS, or the sickle cell "trait"), there is a 50% chance that each child will have the sickle cell trait, but they will not have sickle cell disease ( type SS). The three most common forms of the disease in the United States are: 1. Hemoglobin SS or sickle...
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...Evidence-Based Practice Project—Paper on Diabetes Name Institution Evidence-Based Practice Project—Paper on Diabetes Introduction Diabetes, often called by health experts, diabetes mellitus, is a metabolic condition which causes an increase in the level of blood sugars (Stehouwer, 2009). Patients suffering from diabetes become increasingly hungry (polyphagia) and thirsty (polydipsia) (Friesen, 2003). In addition, they experience polynuria, which is a condition characterized by frequent urination. Diabetes can be categorized into three types. The first group is Type 1 diabetes. It is also known as juvenile or insulin-dependent diabetes. It often develops in early adulthood, before an individual attains 40 years. The second-type and most common is the type 2 diabetes. It accounts for close to 90% of all diabetes cases reported around the world. It occurs when the body cells fail to react to insulin in the body. In addition, type 2 diabetes can occur when the beta cells in the body are not able to produce adequate insulin (Tuomi, 2005). 3) Gestational diabetes. It affects women, especially during pregnancy periods (Feig, 2012). Hence, this paper on diabetes will provide a brief summary of the disease process. In addition, the paper will also focus on a study on diabetes in an article entitled, “Hemoglobin A1C as a Diagnostic Tool for Diabetes Screening and New-Onset Diabetes Prediction," by highlighting the purpose of the study, method of study, findings and its implications to...
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...Using the Data/Information/Knowledge/Wisdom Continuum Cathy L. Cooper Walden University NURS 6051N-13 Transforming Nursing and Healthcare Through Information Technology Instructor: Dr. Wagner March 27, 2016 Using the Data/Information/Knowledge/Wisdom Continuum Introduction Many organizations now have clinical documentation improvement programs (CDIs) designed to help an organization accurately reflect the quality of patient care, prove healthcare services, and make accurate reports of diagnosis and procedures (Cassano, 2014). A Clinical Documentation Specialist (CDS) is a registered nurse who manages, assesses, and reviews a patient’s medical records to ensure that all the information documented reflects the patient’s severity of illness, risk of mortality, clinical treatment, and the accuracy of documentation. Part of the role is to perform concurrent reviews of medical records, validate diagnosis codes, identify missing diagnosis, and query physicians and other healthcare providers for more specifics so documentation accurately reflects the patient’s severity of illness (Cassano, 2014). Health Information Management (HIM) professionals advocate for a strong commitment to accurate and timely clinical documentation as hospital initiatives push forward with programs such as ICD-10-CM/PCS implementation, Accountable Care Organizations reimbursement models, Fraud and Abuse compliance programs, and implementation of electronic health records (EHRs) (AMIHA, 2010). HIM...
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...experiments in this paper done through instruction in graduate course: Biotechnology laboratory in the natural sciences and mathematics department at the university of texas at dallas, RICHARDSON, TX 75080 march 2016 [Company name] | [Company address] ------------------------------------------------- γ-globin analysis by expression profiling through RT-qPCR, quantification through ELISA, and oxidative stress management analysis by FACS from KU812F cells under treatment by δ aminolevulinic acid, succinylacetone, and N-methyl mesoporphyrin Shaan Sarode, Jose Cordero, and Dr. Li Liu experiments in this paper done through instruction in graduate course: Biotechnology laboratory in the natural sciences and mathematics department at the university of texas at dallas, RICHARDSON, TX 75080 march 2016 [Company name] | [Company address] ------------------------------------------------- γ-globin analysis by expression profiling through RT-qPCR, quantification through ELISA, and oxidative stress management analysis by FACS from KU812F cells under treatment by δ aminolevulinic acid, succinylacetone, and N-methyl mesoporphyrin Shaan Sarode, Jose Cordero, and Dr. Li Liu ABSTRACT Hemoglobinopathies refer to a group of blood related disorders that encompass important disease such as thalassemia and sickle cell disease. Because many of these disease are hereditary more aggressive genetic therapies are showing promise as possible avenues of treatment. One such method is to re-express...
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...1 Personal Impact Paper on Sickle Cell Disease Glenda Kessen NUR427 9/8/14 Amy Highland 2 Sickles Cell Anemia is a chronic, serious red blood cell disorder that is lifelong. "It is the most common genetic disease in the United States." (Guyatt, GH 2007). Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) is inherited and results in a decrease of the ability of red blood cells to carry much-needed oxygen through the body. The cells become clogged, due to their crescent shape, which keeps them from delivering oxygen. This can cause unbearable pain, damage to the body organs, and even death. The frequency of the pain episodes can range from several a year to multiple times a day. SCD is caused by hemoglobin S, which is an abnormal type of hemoglobin. When the cells are exposed to low oxygen levels, the Hemoglobin S changes the shape of the red blood cells. Red blood cells are made of marrow that is located inside the large bones of the body. The bone marrow is constantly making new red blood cells to replace the old cells. The life of the normal red blood cell life is about 120 days. Their purpose is to carry oxygen and remove the carbon dioxide, which is a waste product, from the body. Sickle-shaped cells die about ten to twenty days that prevents the bone marrow from making new red blood cells. Ethnicity plays a part in SCD, with African Americans more likely to be affected. Both parents are carriers of the sickle cell trait which is passed on to the child. The child will inherit...
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...International Journal of Scientific Research in Knowledge (IJSRK), 1(7), pp. 189-201, 2013 Available online at http://www.ijsrpub.com/ijsrk ISSN: 2322-4541; ©2013 IJSRPUB http://dx.doi.org/10.12983/ijsrk-2013-p189-201 Full Length Research Paper Factors Influencing Anemia and Night Blindness among Children Less than Five Years Old (0 - 4.11 Years) in Khartoum State, Sudan Samir Mohamed Ali Hassan Alredaisy1, Haram Omer El Hag Saeed2 1 Faculty of Education, University of Khartoum, Khartoum Omdurman 406 Sudan 2 Rufaa Nutrition and Maternity Office, Ministry of Health, Gezira state, Sudan *Corresponding Author: samiralredaisy@yahoo.com Received 24 April 2013; Accepted 5 June 2013 Abstract. This study investigated factors influencing nutritional status of children less than five years old suffering anemia and night blindness in Khartoum State. Sample size was 138 children determined by 10% rate of prevalence of nutritional deficiency diseases among children living in Khartoum State. In addition, testing hemoglobin and anthropometric measurements were done. Results depicted that, illiteracy was prevailing, and household monthly income averaged 100 USD. Symptoms of anemia included loss of appetite (8777%), paleness (9375%), and eating clay (29%), while for night blindness they were xerophthalmia (20%); Pinot spots (52%); karatomalacia (12%), and Cornea ulceration (4%). Children suffering these two diseases had hemoglobin concentration below 60% standard, indicated to Iron deficiency...
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...Prescription behavior of doctors when prescribing drugs for Iron Deficiency anemia Research paper presented to SPPSPTM, NMIMS In partial fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree B.Pharm + MBA (MBA PharmaTech) By Dishali Shah A073 Academic Year 2015 - 2016 Statement by candidate This is to submit that this submission report is my report entitled “Prescription behavior of doctors when prescribing drugs for Iron Deficiency anemia” represents my ideas in my own words and where others’ ideas have been included, I have adequately cited and referenced the original sources. I also declare that I have followed all the principles of academic honesty and integrity and have not misrepresented or fabricated or falsified any idea/ data/ fact / source in my submission. I understand that any violation of the above will be a cause of strict disciplinary action by the School and can also evoke penal action from the sources, which have thus not been properly cited, or from whom proper permission has not been taken when needed. P. Score________% Signature of Student Name of Student SVKM’s NMIMS Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai-400056. SHOBHABEN PRATAPBHAI PATEL SCHOOL OF PHARMACY AND TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT, SVKM’s NMIMS 2 Certificate The work described in this report entitled “Prescription behavior of doctors when prescribing drugs for Iron Deficiency anemia” has been carried...
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...Police Suicide and Gastric Bypass During the process of a university library search for articles to utilize during the stages of the research process paper, a couple of interesting articles surfaced. These article are completely unrelated and of varying tones and subject matters. The two research articles deal with police suicide rates and gastric bypass surgery curing type II diabetes. These articles go through examination to practice identifying the critical first stage of developing a research study. In the article about the police suicide rate, the purpose of the research examined the sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value of police suicide rates in comparison with municipal workers (Violanti, 1996). The research question in this article is whether police suicide is predictable. The hypotheses in this article are that police are at a higher risk of suicide than the general population and that police suicide rates are misreported frequently. The dependent variables measured in this article are suicide rates and death records and the independent variables are police officers and municipal workers (Violanti, 1996). In the article about gastric bypass surgery curing type II diabetes, the purpose of the research was to show the immediate results of the surgery in type II diabetics with a lower body mass index (BMI) (Kim, 2014). The research question in this article is whether gastric bypass surgery helps non-obese patients by itself and without any subsequent weight loss...
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...Epidemiology Paper According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Center for Health Statistics, "[By 1993] death certificates listed diabetes as the fifth leading cause of death for Blacks aged 45 to 64, and the third leading cause of death for those aged 65 and older in 1990” (Bailey, 2007, p. 1). These statistics show how serious the problem of diabetes has become in the black community. Epidemiological studies can focus the efforts of the healthcare community to effective interventions aimed at lowering the prevalence and incidence of diabetes among African Americans. Epidemiology Paper Roles This paper will explore the role of epidemiology in the surveillance of the incidence of diabetes in the morbidity and mortality of Americans of African descent. This paper will also discuss the definition and purpose of epidemiology, epidemiological methods, the epidemiological triangle and levels of prevention that is related with diabetes in the African American community. Definition and purpose of epidemiology in epidemiology paper The definition of epidemiology is very important if one is to use the definition to describe its purpose. “A common definition of epidemiology is the study of the distribution and determinants of disease frequency in human populations” (Savitz, Poole, & Miller, 1999, p. 1159). A better description of epidemiology is the analysis of the incidence and spread of disease within populations, with the aim of establishing...
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