...Henry VIII was King of England from 21 April 1509 until his death. He was Lord, and later King, of Ireland, as well as continuing the nominal claim by the English monarchs to the Kingdom of France. Henry was the second monarch of the Tudor dynasty, succeeding his father, Henry VII. Besides his six marriages, Henry VIII is known for his role in the separation of the Church of England from the Roman Catholic Church. Henry's struggles with Rome led to the separation of the Church of England from papal authority, the Dissolution of the Monasteries, and establishing himself as the Supreme Head of the Church of England. Yet he remained a believer in core Catholic theological teachings, even after his excommunication from the Catholic Church. Henry oversaw the legal union of England and Wales with the Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542. Henry was considered an attractive, educated and accomplished king in his prime and has a reputation as "one of the most charismatic rulers to sit on the English throne". Besides ruling with absolute power, he also engaged himself as an author and composer. His desire to provide England with a male heir—which stemmed partly from personal vanity and partly because he believed a daughter would be unable to consolidate the Tudor dynasty and the fragile peace that existed following the Wars of the Roses—led to the two things for which Henry is remembered: His six marriages, and the English Reformation . In later life, he became morbidly obese and his health...
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...Henry VIII’s Quest for Glory Henry’s aims in foreign policy were to have military glory through conquest which linked to the idea of being a warrior king, military glory by invading France, securing the Scottish border as they were always teaming up with France, establish a reliable ally against France and establish England at the heart of European affairs as the war of the roses had prevented them from doing this before. Between the years of 1509-1515 Henry tried to make an international influence which was mainly successful. The first thing he did that was successful was spend money on wars with France in order to get more money in return. This worked out well because France had to pay a pension to England and this made the country more money than it spent. It also showed henry that he could trust Wolsey to organise wars and raise lots of money. The second successful thing he did was marry Catherine of Aragon because of the fact that this gave Henry the chance to have a kid to be the heir to his thrown and it also gave him an ally of his father in law as he was Ferdinand II who was the king of Spain. Thirdly the next successful thing he did was join the holy league in 1511 as the leagues aim was to stop France gaining any power which was one of henry’s main aims in foreign policy and it meant he would be helped by several other countries in achieving this. The next successful thing that henry did was go to war with France in June 1512 because although he was betrayed by...
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...well known dynasty is the House of Tudor. Henry VII became king in 1485 and took Elizabeth of York as his wife.They had four children Prince Arthur of Wales, Margaret Tudor, Henry VIII, and Mary Tudor. Henry VIII was born June 28, 1491 at the Palace of Placentia in Greenwich. Being the second born son Henry was raised and educated to take a secular role in life, most likely as the Archbishop of Canterbury. His grandmother Margaret Beaufort supervised his early childhood education. Henry was reported to excel at book learning as well as athletics required by those apart of the aristocratic society. But even as well educated, handsome, and athletic as Henry was his father continued to favor the elder Prince Arthur. When Henry had reach the age of 10 he took part in his brothers arranged wedding to the daughter of King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain. His job was to escort the bride; the bride was Catherine of Aragon who was later to be Henry VIII first wife. Shortly after the marriage, Arthur died on April 2, 1502 from night-sweats. This left Henry the rightful heir to the English throne right before his 11th birthday. Fourteen months after Arthur’s death, Catherine of Aragon was betrothal to Henry VIII, and then he was too young to marry. As Henry VIII grew up his father became less willing to have an alliance with the Spanish and he repudiated the betrothal of Henry and Catherine. After seven years his father dies and Henry VIII successes to the throne. He becomes...
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...LIBERTY UNIVERSITY Henry VIII and the English Reformation A PAPER SUBMITTED TO Dr. Gregory Tomlin IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE COURSE CHHI 525 LIBERTY BAPTIST THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY BY DAVID E. ROBERTS LYNCHBURG, VIRGINIA SUNDAY, MARCH 8, 2014 Table of Contents Introduction: Henry VIII and the English Reformation………….................................................. 3 Prince Henry VIII and His Character Development....................................................................... 3 King Henry VIII…......................................................................................................................... 6 The Wives of Henry VIII………………………………………………....................................... 8 The Rule of the Crown and the Church of England……............................................................. 12 Conclusion……………………………………………………..……………………………….. 14 Bibliography...……...………..………......................................................................................... 16 ii Introduction: Henry VIII and the English Reformation The study of Henry VIII and the reformation in England continues to fascinate scholars and historians alike. Recent attention has even been given by Hollywood in the production of “The Other Boleyn Girl,” a major motion picture depicting the lives of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn. Obviously Hollywood isn’t a suitable source for a scholarly inspection of such a historical event, but the existence...
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...Source 1 and Source 2 suggest that the young Henry VIII saw the nobility as his friends and supporters? Sources 1 and 2 have very different ideas of whether Henry VIII saw the nobility as his friends and supporters, as initially both sources seem very contradictive of each other. Source 1 is very based around the idea of a Henry seeing a friendship between him and the nobility whereas Source 2 suggests that Henry and the nobility had a very conflicting relationship which was not friendly in any aspect. However there are further aspects in the Sources which both agree with one another in the portrayal that they Henry did see the nobility as his friends and supporters. Source 1 portrays that Henry did see the nobility as his friends and supporters rather extensively as in the source they are seen together attending the Queen’s chamber, which suggests that Henry entrusts the nobility with the privilege of entering the Queen’s chamber which would’ve been quite an honourable proposition. The way in which the king and the nobility are seen here working together differs to the suggestions in source 2 which illustrates that their relationship is very unequal. Source 2 says that “the King has commanded all the lords and most of the nobles..” this proclaims that the King was determined to obtain the majority of the control and that Henry saw no significant friendship between the nobility and the King. On the other hand, source 2 signifies that Henry relied on the nobility to provide men and...
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...King Henry VIII was born in Greenwich, London, England on June 28, 1491 to Henry VII and Elizabeth of York. He was the third of seven children, and was one of three siblings that survived into adulthood. Though we know very little of Henry’s life before his older brother’s death, we expect that he would have been on the path of a royal second born son. The path of the church. Along with Henry’s extensive knowledge of the Church and Theology, he also has a passion for music, languages, poetry and sports. Henry’s older brother, Arthur, however, was destined to be king and was married to Catherine of Aragon in November of 1501, in an alliance with Spain. A four months later, Arthur fell ill, and died, leaving a ten year old Henry to assume his...
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...monarchs, the first being that Henry VII wanted to avoid entering a war, whilst his son Henry VIII wished to become a "warrior king" and welcomed the idea of war. It could be suggested that this difference is due to another - Henry VII came to power through the Battle of Bosworth, which could have fuelled his ambition to avoid war, whereas Henry VIII inherited the throne after his Father's death, meaning that he had little experience of war, let alone a negative experience. "How did the reign of Henry VII shape the beginning of the reign of Henry VII?" There were several ways in which the reign of Henry VII helped shape the reign of his son, Henry VIII. The first being that while Henry VII was in power he kept his finances in good condition through promoting trade, avoiding war and increasing taxes to the point of ruthlessness. This meant that when his son, Henry VIII came to power, he inherited a stable surplus of money. Another way in which Henry VII helped shape his son's reign was because of his involvement in the War of the Roses. When Henry was made king, he fulfilled his promise to his supporters to marry the daughter of Edward IV, Elizabeth of York, after becoming England's new monarch. This resulted in the opposing sides in the War of the Roses, York and Lancaster, becoming united. This meant that Henry VII helped shape the beginning of his son's reign as he left him with a reasonable stable and united country. "How far did Henry VIII's reign begin a new era...
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...HENRY VIII AND FOREIGN POLICY Introduction Henry VIII was an ambitious aggressive monarch. Unlike his father Henry VII, whose interests were mainly defensive, Henry VIII was an interventionist. He wanted to raise England’s profile in European power politics and was prepared to go to war to capture French territory. He saw himself as the equal of Francis I of France and Charles V of Germany and wanted to show off England's power by claiming that England held the balance of power between them. His chief minister, Wolsey, the humanist, wanted the glory of international diplomacy but wished to avoid the waste of war. His quest for peace, helped to dampen Henry’s martial ambitions. During Wolsey’s period of high office, England only went to war once – in 1523. Wolsey probably spent more time on foreign affairs than on domestic issues. Relations with France 1513 War with France: Why? Henry VIII wanted glory. He wished to renew the Hundred Years War with France. In 1422 Henry VI of England was proclaimed king of France; by 1453 the English had been expelled from France, except for the port of Calais. Henry wished to reassert his claim to the throne of France. Within weeks of his accession, Henry married Catherine of Aragon in order to renew England’s alliance with Spain. Spain might be the ally England needed. What happened? Wolsey organized the expedition. Henry led 30,000 men and captured the towns of Therouanne and Tournai. The French...
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...with the question because it argues that the divorce, which did not necessarily have to go through Rome, and the reformist influence had an impact. Source 5 partly agrees with source 4 that the reformist faction did influence Henry, but also argues that Henry had no clear policy and ultimately Anne’s pregnancy pushed proceedings along, implying that a desire for a male heir underlay Henry’s motives, thus agreeing with the question. Source 6 disagrees with the question and the other two sources arguing that the Break with Rome was caused by Henry’s desire for more authority and power. Ultimately we shall see that all these factors contributed to the Break with Rome, indicating that it was not solely caused by Henry’s desire for a male heir, though it can be argued that it was the primary cause. There is evidence that the Break with Rome was caused by Henry’s desire for a male heir. As source 4 stated, “Henry VIII wanted a divorce” because his wife Catherine of Aragon had reached the menopause. This factor is also shown in source 5 which states that “Anne’s pregnancy was a pressing factor.” This indicates that whilst there were other reasons for the Break with Rome, the underlying catalyst and therefore cause was the desire for the male heir, as Anne and Henry believed the pregnancy would produce a boy. The desire for a male heir was fuelled by a fear for the dynastic dynasty of the Tudors. The Wars of the Roses...
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...F961A3: Henry VIII to Mary I, 1509-1558 A: What were Henry VIII's aims as king from 1509-1529? Henry VIII's personality and role in government ▪ Henry VIII was a confident and energetic monarch. He had a much stronger claim to the throne than his father and there were no threats to his throne from pretenders. ▪ Henry VIII wanted to achieve glory for himself, his Court and for England. He would attempt to achieve this mainly through his foreign policy. ▪ Henry VIII was not, unlike his father, interested in the day to day administration of English government. ▪ He played a very important role at Court and he had the final say in all matters, but the running of the government and administration, he left to Wolsey - his chief minister from 1514-1529. ▪ Henry VIII was always the centre of attention but he hated writing and debating. Instead he preferred the thrill of hunting and sportsmanship and the excitement of diplomacy. ▪ Although Henry and Wolsey had their disagreements in the period up to 1527, none was serious enough to cause serious problems. ▪ Wolsey was brilliant at managing Henry's overdeveloped ego and Henry may have seen Wolsey as a surrogate father. ▪ After 1527, Henry VIII's energies were focused on the gravest crisis of his reign, the attempt by Henry to have his marriage to Catherine of Aragon annulled. This problem would lead eventually to Wolsey's fall from power. Henry VIII and foreign policy Introduction ▪ Henry VIII...
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...Henry VIII’s foreign policy primarily involved France and the Habsburg Empire. Traditionally, Tudor foreign policy tried to steer a path of neutrality with both these states and initially Henry VIII’s foreign policy was no different. Henry knew that England did not have the ability to take on either state but that as a nation she could profit from extending the hand of friendship to both. This plan fell apart when it became plain that Henry wanted to divorce Catherine of Aragon. Charles V would not contemplate any form of association with Henry VIII – as Catherine was his aunt. Charles believed that Henry VIII was depriving Catherine of all honour, something he was not willing to tolerate. However, Henry was astute enough to know that the position of Charles V in mainland Europe was such that he could not do anything about Catherine’s plight in England. Charles had far too much to think about with the Turks on the southeast of his empire to be able to help his aunt. However, he made clear his displeasure at the way Catherine had been treated. Francis I of France tried to take advantage of this breakdown between Henry and Charles. He gave tacit support to Henry’s call for the Pope to nullify his marriage to Catherine. As a result both men met in great splendour at Calais in October 1532, where Francis greeted Anne Boleyn as if she was queen. Francis planned to help Henry further. In October 1533, Francis was due to sign a treaty with Pope Clement VII, which Francis hoped would...
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...distraction to seize Navarre | 1513 | Battle of Spurs | Defeated the French, captured towns Therouanne and Tournai, neither of which were much use to England, but in peace treaty signed in 1514 with Louis XII, Henry was to keep the towns | | Battle of Flodden | Scottish King James IV took advantage of Henry’s absence to invade England, Earl of Surrey’s troops defeated the Scots, James killed and Henry’s sister Margaret became regent | 1518 | Treaty of London | Wolsey drew up a treaty of universal peace, which united Europe against the Ottoman Empire, committed the powers to live in peace with one another. Any country that broke the peace risked invasion from other countries, each country made an individual treaty with England, so Henry was placed at the centre of European affairs and seen as the “peace maker” | | Papal Legate | Pope Leo X appointed Wolsey as Papal Legate, which gave him the power to act as the Pope’s representative in England and allowed him to appoint clerical offices, so controlled the patronage of the Church | 1519 | Expulsion of the Minions | Wolsey persuaded Henry to dismiss gentlemen of the Privy Chamber | 1520 | Field of Cloth of Gold | Meeting between Henry and Francis I, included jousting and other sports, entertainment and feats. Henry achieved international glory, but cost a years income (cheaper than war) and no agreement was signed/ Charles V not invited, so England appeared to be siding with France than remaining impartial as “peace maker”...
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...How accurate is it to say that Henry VII was the dominant figure in government from 1509-1547? Many argue that Henry VIII was not a dominant figure in government for many reasons, however there are two sides to every story and there definitely is here so in this essay, I will take a look at some of the reasons as to why I believe Henry was and was not a dominant figure. I will start with his dominance and then go on to say why I think he was not dominant an I will then end with a small conclusion where I will sum up this essay and give my opinion on whether I think he was a dominant figure in government or not. The break with Rome saw Henry VIII create his own church in a successful attempt for a divorce between himself and Catherine of Aragon...
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...Erika Betancourt Professor Behler April 26th 2016 Researched Items King Henry VIII: King Henry VIII was the son on King Henry VII. He is very well known for his 9 wives. He married his first wife, Catherine of Aragon in 1509 and had his first son in 1511 whom died 2 months later. Catherine continued to have miscarriages and the children that they did have would die shortly after birth. Henry became frustrated and even though he was still married to Catherine he had two mistresses: Mary Boleyn and Elizabeth Blount. After being married for 17 years, Henry fell in love with Mary Boleyn and solicited an annulment from the Pope since him and Catherine were married through the church. Catherine died alone in 1536. King Henry VIII is significant to history because he separated church and the government. During this time period, Kings were rulers of everything including religion and when the Pope refused to annul king Henry’s marriage with Catherine, King Henry took matter into his own hands and found someone else to annul his marriage. (Tudor) Lucrezia Borgia: Born during Italy’s Renaissance period, when artists and architects emerged to world appreciation. Her father was Pope Alexander VI and a mistress named Vannozza Cattanei. Lucrezia was married at least 2 times, if not 3. At age 11, her father cancelled her marriage...
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...50 refitting several vessels putting the latest weapons on them. He also built the first naval dock in 1546 in Britain at Portsmouth. Because of his accomplishment he was known as ‘father of the Royal Navy.’ “Henry VIII was known as the ‘father of the Royal Navy.’ When he became king there were only 5 royal warships. By his death he had built up a navy of around 50 ships. He...
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