...of operations. Data types are used to store various types of data which is managed by program. Data type attaches with variable to determine the number of bytes to be allocate to variable and valid operations which can be performed on that variable. Although C has several built-in data types, it is not a strongly typed language, as are Pascal and Ada. C supports various data types and here some common data type as character, integer and floating-point types. C defines five foundational data types as defined below: ▪ character ▪ integer ▪ floating-point ▪ double floating-point ▪ valueless These are declared as by char, int, float, double, and void, respectively. These types form the basis for some other types also. The extent and choice of these and data types may contrast amongst processor natures and compilers. However, in all belongings an object of type char is 1 byte. C stores character type inside as an integer. Each character has 8 bits so, we can have 256 different characters values (0-255). Character set is used to map between an integer value and a character. The size of an int is ordinarily the same as the word length of the implementation setting of the program. C has 3 classes of integer storage namely short int, int and long int. All of these data types have signed and unsigned forms. A short int requires half the space than normal integer values. Unsigned numbers are always positive and consume all the bits for the magnitude...
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...Basic If Statement Syntax The structure of an if statement is as follows: ------------------------------------------------- if ( TRUE ) ------------------------------------------------- Execute the next statement ------------------------------------------------- if ( TRUE ) { ------------------------------------------------- Execute all statements inside the braces ------------------------------------------------- } Syntax: The syntax of an if...else statement in C++ is: ------------------------------------------------- if(boolean_expression) ------------------------------------------------- { ------------------------------------------------- // statement(s) will execute if the boolean expression is true ------------------------------------------------- } ------------------------------------------------- else ------------------------------------------------- { ------------------------------------------------- // statement(s) will execute if the boolean expression is false ------------------------------------------------- } ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- #include <iostream> ------------------------------------------------- using namespace std; ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- int main () ------------------------------------------------- { ------------------------------------------------- ...
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...Public Class RBTree Public root As RBTNode Dim null As RBTNode Public Sub New(ByVal data As Integer) null = New RBTNode("-1") null.color = "black" root = New RBTNode(data) root.color = "black" root.Left = null root.Left.parent = root root.right = null root.right.parent = root End Sub Public Sub New() End Sub Public Sub Insert(ByVal data As Integer) null = New RBTNode("-1") null.color = "black" 'step one, insert a red node in the tree If root Is Nothing Then root = New RBTNode(data) root.color = "black" root.Left = null root.Left.parent = root root.right = null root.right.parent = root Else Dim newNode As New RBTNode(data) newNode.Left = null newNode.Left.parent = newNode newNode.right = null newNode.right.parent = newNode Dim current As RBTNode current = root Dim parent As RBTNode While (True) parent = current If (data < current.data) Then current = current.Left If (current.data < 0) Then parent.Left = newNode newNode.parent = parent Exit While End...
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...#include #include typedef struct Node { int data; struct Node *next; }node; void insert(node *pointer, int data) { /* Iterate through the list till we encounter the last node.*/ while(pointer->next!=NULL) { pointer = pointer -> next; } /* Allocate memory for the new node and put data in it.*/ pointer->next = (node *)malloc(sizeof(node)); pointer = pointer->next; pointer->data = data; pointer->next = NULL; printf("Successfully inserted.......\n"); } int find(node *pointer, int key) { pointer = pointer -> next; //First node is dummy node. /* Iterate through the entire linked list and search for the key. */ while(pointer!=NULL) { if(pointer->data == key) //key is found. { return 1; } pointer = pointer -> next;//Search in the next node. } /*Key is not found */ return 0; } int update(node *pointer, int key, int new_key) { pointer = pointer -> next; //First node is dummy node. /* Iterate through the entire linked list and search for the key. */ while(pointer!=NULL) { if(pointer->data == key) //key is found. { ...
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...different concepts: Historical Equity Premium (HEP); Expected Equity Premium (EEP); Required Equity Premium (REP); and Implied Equity Premium (IEP). We highlight the confusing message in the literature regarding the equity premium and its evolution. The confusion arises from not distinguishing among the four concepts and from not recognizing that although the HEP is equal for all investors, the REP, the EEP and the IEP differ for different investors. A unique IEP requires assuming homogeneous expectations for the expected growth (g), but we show that there are several pairs (IEP, g) that satisfy current prices. We claim that different investors have different REPs and that it is impossible to determine the REP for the market as a whole, because it does not exist. We also investigate the relationship between (IEP – g) and the risk free rate. There is a kind of schizophrenic approach to valuation: while all authors admit different expectations of equity cash flows, most authors look for a unique discount rate. It seems as if the expectations of equity cash flows are formed in a democratic regime, while the discount rate is determined in a dictatorship. 1. Introduction 2. Historical Equity Premium (HEP) 3. Expected Equity Premium (EEP) 2.1. First studies of the historical equity return. 2.2. Estimates of the historical equity premium of the US. 2.3. A closer look at the historical data. 2.4. Estimates of the Historical Equity Premium (HEP) in other countries...
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...the forefront is Hepatitis C. It is an infection of the liver, which has many forms, type 1 being the most common in the U.S. I will start by introducing the history of the disease and give a description of the disease and it’s affects to the body.1. “The hepatitis C virus is an RNA virus that belongs to the family flaviviridae.”1. “HCV replicates in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes””1. Persistent infection appears to rely on rapid production of virus and continuous cell-to-cell spread, along with a lack of vigorous T-cell immune response to HCV antigens” Anatomy To better give a clear understanding of the failing organs I will address the body systems. I will further explain the anatomy of the systems that are involved. Transmission & Cause 1.“The transmission of HCV is primarily through exposure to infected blood. Risks for transmission include blood transfusion before 1992, intravenous drug use, high-risk sexual activity, solid organ transplantation from an infected donor”2.” the fact that the genetic information of the virus is stored in RNA, not DNA, has important consequences in the life cycle of the virus, and gives hepatitis C its dangerous ability to mutate.”2.” Hepatitis C, as an RNA virus, has a powerful reproductive strategy. Because it stores its information in a "sense" strand of RNA, the viral RNA itself can be directly read by the host cell's ribosomes, functioning like the normal mRNA present in the cell.”2. Hepatitis C is not spread through casual...
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...Henke’s Med-Math Textbook indicates, “Faulty technique in administering medications, especially injections that result in injury [or illness], is [a] common medication error (378).” Purportedly, the five nurses involved with this client’s care were improperly educated for proficient insulin pen use (Cuda, 2014). Subsequently, Hayes was unwittingly inoculated with the hep C virus. However, other causes leading up to pharmacological errors include: exhausted or overworked staff, an increase of patient to nurse ratios, poor time management, and the many distractions in hospital settings. This may lead to some questionable practices among nurses, for example sharing an insulin pen to save a few...
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...through my head when my doctor came in to tell me it was time for Jett’s Hepatitis B shot. Hepatitis B shot? I thought that was only for people who were sexually active? How could my newborn baby boy possibly need a Hepatitis B shot? But who was I to question someone who delivered babies day in and day out, but none the less it did seem a little odd. Two months later I brought Jett in for his recommended checkup and was shocked to learn he would be receiving 6 vaccinations during this visit. I wasn’t familiar with any of these vaccinations, but my initial instinct was that it was a lot for such a tiny being. I reluctantly went through with the recommend shots, but vowed to do my research once I got home. I bought books, read articles online, watched videos, etc. There was so much information out there and so little time to decide as each day went by with my little boy growing right before my eyes. I found myself confused on whether to allow him to receive the vaccinations according his pediatricians’ schedule or skip them and hope he isn’t exposed to one of the many diseases the vaccinations would protect him against. I agreed the vaccines were necessary, but not at the extreme rate they were being recommended. On the other hand I was also worried about the lack of research done on the potential problems they could cause. These concerns prompted me to seek alternative vaccination schedules and options. The American Association for Pediatrics...
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...While assessing there were no signs of either jaundice or edema present that were abnormal. Which is what we want to see, if we were to see any jaundice or edema we would have concerns of anemia, especially because the baby was already at risk for developing. Although while assessing mom, we found she had good blood flow to her extremities but had a bit of paleness. After we got the lab results back it showed that her hemoglobin was slightly lower due to the amount of blood she had lost during the C-section. After assessing mom and looking at the labs, we got the orders to give the second dose of Rhogam which was 300 mcg IM. There were no additional medications ordered for mom other than Norco that was a 5/325 mg tablet q 4-6 hours to help with the incision pain. The medications ordered for the baby were the erythromycin, vit. K and the Hep B vaccine which are all the medications the parents wanted the baby to have. Nursing Role and...
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...Title of assignment: Describe compare and contrast the traditional abstinence model of addiction treatment with the modern harm reduction model in the context of counselling a heroin using client who is HIV or Hep-C positive I declare that this assignment is entirely my own work and that all sources are credited. Introduction: In this essay I am going to first define abstinence, harm reduction, heroin and HIV. Then i’m going to compare and contrast the abstinence model versus the harm reduction model in relation to a person who uses heroin and has also HIV under the counselling context. Definitions: The Abstinence Model: The term 12 step applies to a number of self-help groups which have grown from the original alcoholics anonymous movement. 12-step groups are fellowships of men and women who meet regularly to support each other in their efforts to achieve and maintain abstinence. Groups are run by the members themselves who are not professional counsellors. They have a spiritual foundation are not affiliated with any organised religion. (McMurran, 1994) For the purposes of this essay groups like NA(Narcotics Anonymous) would represent a traditional abstinence group and the Minnesota Model would represent a counselling approach in relation to addiction counselling. The Harm Reduction Model: The idea of harm reduction first emerged explicitly in Dutch drug policy during the 1970s and 1980s from concern about the social integration of people who use drugs into...
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...that, in a repetitive manufacturing environment, can be done without thinking and through a lot of muscle memory. In professional settings, we often trick ourselves into thinking we can multitask. While on conference calls, people play Minesweeper or surf the web. This works, except for when you realize you haven’t been listening or someone calls on you and you can’t answer — it’s embarrassing. Nurses and other medical professionals are often the queens (and kings) of multitasking, or so they think. Can we really do TWO things at once? Can a medical secretary really be entering data into the computer while taking a phone call? The NY Times recently had an essay, written by a doctor, who wrote that she stuck herself with a needle from a Hep C patient because she took her glove off...
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...A kid with Hepatitis A can return to school 1 week within the onset of jaundice. 2. After a patient has dialysis they may have a slight fever...this is normal due to the fact that the dialysis solution is warmed by the machine. 3. Hyperkalemia presents on an EKG as tall peaked T-waves 4. The antidote for Mag Sulfate toxicity is ---Calcium Gluconate 5. Impetigo is a CONTAGEOUS skin disorder and the person needs to wash ALL linens and dishes seperate from the family. They also need to wash their hands frequently and avoid contact. positive sweat test. indicative of cystic fibrosis 1. Herbs: Black Cohosh is used to treat menopausal symptoms. When taken with an antihypertensive, it may cause hypotension. Licorice can increase potassium loss and may cause dig toxicity. 2. With acute appendicitis, expect to see pain first then nausea and vomiting. With gastroenitis, you will see nausea and vomiting first then pain. 3. If a patient is allergic to latex, they should avoid apricots, cherries, grapes, kiwi, passion fruit, bananas, avocados, chestnuts, tomatoes and peaches. 4. Do not elevate the stump after an AKA after the first 24 hours, as this may cause flexion contracture. 5. Beta Blockers and ACEI are less effective in African Americans than Caucasians. 1. for the myelogram postop positions. water based dye (lighter) bed elevated. oil based dye heavier bed flat. 2.autonomic dysreflexia- elevated bed first....then check foley...
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...Introduction As the awareness and adoption of patents grows across the globe, we look to evaluate the consequences to society as a result of protection through patents. We will look at both sides objectively – the side of the inventor who has been granted exclusive rights to his/her invention and the other side – whether patents can deny basic social rights such as health to society. As we move further, we will look to understand a global framework (TRIPS) that provides guidelines on intellectual property regulations, the issue of compulsory licenses used by governments to circumvent patent protection and critically analyze specific cases where issuing compulsory licenses may be the need of the hour. What is TRIPS? TRIPS or Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights is an agreement administered by the World Trade Organization (WTO). The agreement covers the following broad issues with respect to regulation of intellectual property (IP): • Basic principles that apply to intellectual property rights agreements • Protection to intellectual property rights • enforcement of intellectual property rights across member nations • settling disputes related to intellectual property rights between member nations A key objective of TRIPS is to provide a common set of international rules or guidelines to ensure protection of patents around the world. TRIPS is unique because it binds any country to its system of intellectual property protection if that country...
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...QUALITY OF TOMATO FERTI LIZED WITH NITROGEN AND PHOSPHOROUS Abstract The influence of different levels of nitrogen (N1, N2), phosphorous (P1, P2) and N+P (N1P1, N1P2, N2P1, N2P2) mixed fertilizers was investigated on volatile substances, soluble sugars, organic acids, titratable acidity, dry matter and lycopene of “Corbarino” cherry-like tomatoes. The flavor volatiles reached the highest concentrations in red-ripe cherry-like tomatoes treated with N1. Glucose, fructose, dry matter and titratable acidity increased only in N+P fertilized samples. Among the organic acids, citric increased, malic decreased and oxalic was constant in all the fertilized samples. Lycopene reached the highest values in N2 and N2P2 samples. INTRODUCTION Tomato, a key vegetable in the Italian Mediterranean diet, has recently gaining been attention in relation to the prevention of some human diseases. This interest is due to the presence of carotenoids and particularly lycopene, which is an unsaturated alkylic compound that appears to be an active compound in the prevention of cancer and cardiovascular risk and in slowing down cellular aging, owing to its high antioxidant and antiradical power (GERSTER 1997; GIOVANNUCCI et al. 1995). Lycopene is found in fresh, redripe tomatoes as all-trans (79-91%) and cis- (9-21%) isomers (STAHH and SIES, 1992; SHI et al. 1999; BOILEAU et al. 2002). Lycopene and vitamins give a measure of the nutraceutical quality, while flavour volatiles, soluble sugars,...
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...Luxury Brand Strategy of Louis Vuitton Shin'ya NAGASAWA* * Graduate School of Commerce, Waseda University Tokyo, Japan, nagasawa@waseda.jp Abstract: By systematically breaking down th e strategy of the single Louis Vuitton luxury brand into the four Ps (Product, Price, Place, and Promotion), our aim in this paper is to extract the rules or principles of its brand marketing that differ from that of general consumer goods. In other words, the object is to distill the rules and principles of success strategies for l uxury brands as well as to derive a busi ness m odel for success. Showing that the current rise of Louis V uitton is not a coincidence but rath er so mething ach ieved th rough strat egy will su rely b e of in terest to firm s struggling with lack of brand power or those looking to boost brand power. Key words: luxury brand, brand management, Louis Vuitton. 1. Introduction Consumers like brand items, while researchers like brand theory. Although scholars also use the word “brand” to refer to the likes of Coca-Cola and McDonald’s, there is a vast gulf between these brands and the luxury brands we e xplored i n t he p revious b ook. I n researchers’ brand m anagement theories, one r arely fi nds m ention o f representative luxury brands like Louis Vuitton or Dior, or of LVMH. Based on this awareness, we carefully scrutinized the ecology of the unique LVMH firm, considering the nature of the brand as distinct from commodity markets, although...
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