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Criminology: Hate Crimes
A hate crime is “a crime motivated in whole or in part, by the offender’s bias against a race, religion, sexual orientation, ethnicity/national origin or disability” and is “committed against persons, property, or society” (FBI, 2007). Certainly, hate crimes are daily happenings in American society, but this hate is not something that is inherent within individuals, this hatred is disseminated by a network of people that it has selected as a common enemy. In Hate Crimes: The Rising Tide of Bigotry and Bloodshed, Jack Levin and Jack McDevit assert that “[c]rimes motivated by bigotry usually arise not out of the pathological rantings and ravings of a few deviant types in organized hate groups, but out of the very mainstream of society.” Essentially, this means that society itself, especially the media creates these rifts between groups because it decides which groups are to be labeled as either in-groups or out-groups. Due to these distinctions, things like fear, hatred and resentment are built inside the consciousness distinct groups of people, producing a rising sentiment of “us” versus “them.”
Hate crimes have always been a part and parcel of U.S. history, and the number of organized hate groups has increased in recent years, “as a result of the ease with which [group] messages are spread through Internet websites” (Conklin 59). What attracts people to these ideas of prejudice is what Gordon Allport calls “functional significance” in his The Nature of Prejudice. Prejudice helps the individual to function by helping him/her “feel secure, [get] a source of self-esteem, or explain social or economic problems (i.e., scapegoating)” (Jacobs). In part, hate crimes are a product of the individual desire to feel superior to the other, and this has led to the plight of African-Americans and Jews in the past to Muslims and Arab-Americans now in

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