...Childhood Obesity in the United States of America Tolulope Adedokun Introduction to psychology Dr. Michael Gawrysiak November 28, 2014 Table of contents Abstract …………………………………………………………………………………………… 3 Introduction ………………………………………………………………………………………. 4 Causes of Obesity ………………………………………………………………………………… 4 Heredity …………………………………………………………………………………. 4 Social Environment ……………………………………………………………………… 5 Social Status …………………………………………………………………………….. 5 Birth Weight …………………………………………………………………………….. 6 Effects of Obesity ………………………………………………………………………………… 7 Health Effects ……………………………………………………………………………. 7 Mental Effects …………………………………………………………………………… 7 Conclusion ………………………………………………………………………………………. 7 Solutions to Childhood Obesity in The United States of America ………………………………. 8 References ……………………………………………………………………………………….. 9 Abstract Childhood obesity has reached epidemic levels in developing countries especially in the United States of America. Twenty five percent of children in the US are overweight and 11% are obese. Overweight and obesity in childhood are known to have significant impact on both physical and psychological health. This paper describes the causes, effects, and solutions to childhood obesity in...
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...Biological & Environmental Foundations Chapter 2 Developmental Psychology Genotype vs. Phenotype Genotypes: - Genetic makeup of the individual Phenotypes: - Directly observable characteristics Genetic Foundations Some definitions… Genes: Basic unit of genetic information Chromosomes: rod-like portions of DNA which store/transmit genetic information 46 chromosomes in each cell (23 pairs) DNA: deoxyribonucleic acid; chemical substance that makes up genes, chromosomes Mitosis DNA duplicates itself through mitosis Permits a one-celled fertilized ovum to develop into a human being Sex Cells Gametes: sex cells (sperm, ovum); each have 23 chromosomes; combine to create a zygote Zygote: sperm and ovum unite (conception); have 46 chromosomes Meiosis: Cell division process through which gametes are formed; Halves number of chromosomes in body cells (46) Autosomes: 22 matching pairs of chromosomes that are NOT sex chromosomes Sex Chromosomes: The 23rd pair of chromosomes (XX=female; XY=male) Twins Fraternal (dizygotic) twins Most common multiple birth Caused by release/fertilization of 2 ova As genetically similar as any two siblings Older maternal age, fertility drugs, in vitro all contribute to more fraternal twins Identical (monozygotic) twins Zygote that has begun to duplicate separates into 2 clusters of cells Same genetic makeup 1 out of every...
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...Late Adulthood and Death Danielle Tate Psy 280 Debra Julian February 22, 2015 Examine ageism/stereotype When you consider ageism, you think about people being labeled as other's sees fit. It's just another term to judge or deny people of their humanity. When you think about people in their late adulthood what comes to mind? Some may think about gray hair, saggy skin, dentures, and a wheelchair. So my question is why? According to (Palmore, 2005, p. 90) “Ageism is a social disease, much like racism and sexism” in that it considers people as part of a category and not as individuals, creating “needless fear, waste, illness, and misery.” The more people grow and develop, they will learn that aging must go on. Promoting health and wellness As you age, the rate of your heart slows down, making the blood vessels in the arteries stiffen that cause the heart to work harder to pump blood. There are many ways to promote heart health. You can start by making physical activity a daily routine. When your body is in motion, it prevents high blood pressure, so blood vessels want to stiffen. Eating a balanced meal and getting the proper amount of rest are also important. To mitigate the adverse effects of aging, stay socially and mentally active to prevent memory loss. According to Alzheimer’s Association 2015, eighty-one percent of people age seventy-five in older declines in memory. Doing things to challenge your mind like playing Sudoku or chest are ways for older individuals...
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...1. Personality is something unique and specific. No two individuals, not even the twins, behave exactly the same way over any period of time. 2. Personality includes everything about a person. It includes all the behaviour patterns like conative, cognitive and affective activities. Besides, it includes his/her semi-conscious and unconscious behaviour. 3. Personality is organization of some psychophysical systems or some behaviour characteristics and functions as a unified whole. 4. Personality is dynamic since every individual has to struggle against his inner as well as environmental forces in order to bring modification and change in his personality patterns. 5. Personality is developed because of the combinations of one’s heredity and environment; and it is fostered through learning and acquisition. 6. Personality is a psychological concept which includes ‘the character’ as one of the constituents of one’s personality. 7. Personality...
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...qualitative changes. They area key component in any childs development. There have been many scientific studies on early child development. Many theorists such as, Charles Darwin have studied and devoted a lot of time to the evolution of human development. Scientists, throughout many years have developed three separate domains. In our text, on page nine, they are listed as follows, physical development, cognitive development, and psychosocial development. Physical development is the growth of the body itself. Such as the brain, sensory capacity, and a childs motor skills. Cognitive development is the development of mental ability, learning, memory, language, thinking, moral reasoning, social and emotional growth. Psychosocial development is a pattern of changes in personality, emotions, and social relationships. Scientists categorize all of these different stages of development, but a child is constantly...
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...ones rank is based on occupation and heredity. During the twelfth-century Basavanna wrote many poems that reflected his response to this structural inequality. Basavanna’s poem The crookedness of the serpent addresses the belief of equality. Emphasises on the phrase “straight enough”(2) indicates his open view to acceptance in society. His beliefs are much different than the caste system which enforced strict boundaries from one level of society to another. No matter how “crooked” you may be, Basavanna is implying the lord Shiva will deem you straight enough for acceptance; unlike the caste. The egalitarian style to his writing is in attempt to end discrimination based on the caste system. Similar to many other pieces of Basavanna, The rich will make temples for Siva also promotes anti-caste movements in the twelfth century. While analyzing this poem, the occupational status barrier is addressed. Basavanna highlights the differences in forms of Shiva worship; for the rich they use temples but for the poor they do not have those privileges therefore devote their body. This represents the physical barrier that differentiates the Brahmins from the Harijans. Also the last stanza of the poem exposes Basavanna’s expectation for the future social structure as he believes it shall fall. The caste system has evolved over time since Basavanna’s era it has become more of an ideology than a systematic social structure in India. Not only has status mobility grown but also equality. Hindus...
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...Karma is the belief that the sum of a person's actions in this and previous states of existence, viewed as deciding their fate in future existences; basically, it is an effect, the cause being the actions of a person. In Buddhism, karma is viewed as a moral principal. In Jainism, karma is viewed as a way of moving up or down in status. Being prevalent in both Jainism and Buddhism, karma’s role in Jainism is a way to make life better mentally and spiritually, therefore, is considered more important in Jainism. First, I’d like to discuss karma in Buddhism and why it has a significance. Buddhism, like Jainism, recognizes inequalities in mankind. Being a religion and a way of life, they feel there is a way to explain these inequalities and that it is not purely accidental; karma being one of those explanations. The other three reason Buddhism gives for these inequalities are heredity, environment, and “nature and nurture.” Karma in the Pali term means action or doing. Any kind of intentional act is regarded as karma as intentional means there has to be thought put into it. Karma can be either good or bad, depending on the action taken by the person. If the action is unintentional or involuntary, then there is no karma present. The whole idea of karma is that a choice, whether good or bad, is being made, causing a reaction. Being good and making good choices will lead you to be happy while being bad and making bad choices will lead you to be unhappy. ("Basic Buddhism: The Theory...
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...Society of Pride and Prejudice “Pride and Prejudice” was written during an epoch when France was in the midst of a violent revolutionary upheaval and vividly depicts the social response to those events in England. The storyline of a novel may be fictitious, but the insights it can provide are very real and true to life. The characters and events in this novel depict the evolutionary process in English society. The society of the novel highlights that the power, wealth and privilege of the old aristocracy is gradually giving way to the rising social status and power of the business class. The society of that time too had the tints of today’s society like marriage issues, women rights, social status, graph between rich and poor class and so on. Each of the four marriages that occur in the story involves a social elevation that is characteristic of the evolutionary process. Elizabeth, the daughter of an aristocratic gentleman and middle class woman, rises by marriage into one of the wealthiest aristocratic families in England. Her sister Jane marries a man whose wealth is twenty-times greater than her own. Even the scoundrel Wickham, the steward's son, not only marries a gentleman's daughter but also becomes brother-in-law to his father's former master. To get better idea about the society, the novel says, “It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.” Pride and Prejudice depicts a society in which a woman’s...
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...Provide an example(s) of any past participation you have had in experiential learning (learning based on experience) and discuss its benefits. Experiential learning is used many times in our text. However, it can best be described as environmental factors that influence ones development throughout life (Feldman, Olds, & Papalla, 2008, Heredity, Environment, and Maturation). Development of a person is usually categorized into three different categories. Heredity, which is the traits you are born with and how they affect your development. Maturation, which is when a person is ready to master new abilities. Last, there is Environment, which is what experiential learning is based on. Development of a person is and should be a mixture of all three. These different factors can play off of each other to decide how and what a person experience throughout their life. It is hard to pick out one specific time in which experiential learning played an important part on my development because of how often it occurs throughout life. If I had to pick one example of experiential learning in my life then I would talk about my family life and being the youngest girl out of my two sisters and us being 9 and 7 years apart. My sisters grew up 2 years apart from each other and were able to experience things together. One time that stands out in my life in how their life experience is different compared to mine is when my family took a vacation to Disney World. My sisters were 14 and 12...
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...The historical debate regarding nature and nurture has been going on for years and is still unresolved. Many theorists believe what we have inherited and our genes, makes us the way we are and how we develop. Other theorists believe it is the way we are brought up and our experiences, that make us the way we are and how we develop. Physical The way we look can be argued to be mainly due to nature. The genes we inherit from our parents make the basis of we look. For example, people often say ‘Don’t you look like your father/mother?’ Genetic inheritance can determine our eye colour, whether we have straight or curly hair or how tall we will be. We can also inherit certain disease which can seriously impact on our health. However, we can make decisions on how we look and change our appearance. There are many different cosmetic procedures available to alter our appearance. How we live our life and the choices we make can also have an impact on how we look. For example, eating junk food and not exercising can lead to obesity. The environment we are brought up in and the experiences we have, can influence our health which contributes to physical development. An example of how nature and nurture affect our physical development is; we may carry genes that increase our risk of developing type 2 diabetes, but if we eat a healthy diet and get sufficient exercise, we may not develop the disease. The genes for characteristics we inherit are called genotypes. The actual express of these...
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...to become emotionally stable and successful whether raised in a traditional or non-traditional family. The problem is in the difference of children raised in traditional families versus children raised in a non-traditional family. Are non–traditional families just as good as or better than traditional families when raising a successful child? Should good parenting and an individual’s parenting skills be more of a concern than the family’s structure when raising a successful child? With many assumptions, this topic has become a very interesting argument. What parents must understand is properly raising a child is more important than the structure of the family. Children of non-traditional families can be just as progressive with emotional, social and behavioral skills as those of a traditional family....
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...will have when these events are repeated throughout the course of life. It is important that you make the socialization process as entertaining and rewarding as you possibly can. This means that during this process, your infant will need to accept being handled and being touched by other humans so that she will not fear strangers (healthcare providers, or people whom they are introduced to.) This will prove beneficial when you have to take the infant to the health clinic per se. Make sure that all the experiences a child is introduced to are pleasurable experiences. That way the child will build a good association between the event and the reward. Human contact us necessary not only for the infant’s physical well-being, but for healthy social and psychological development as...
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...In the social sciences, social stratification is any given society's categorization of its people into rankings of socioeconomic tiers based on factors like wealth, income, social status, occupation, and power. Stratification is the relative social position of persons in a given social group, category, geographical region or other social unit. In modern Western societies, stratification is often broadly divided into three main divisions of social class: upper class, middle class, and lower class. Each of these classes can be further subdivided into smaller classes (e.g., "upper-middle"). Social inequality is characterized by the existence of unequal opportunities and rewards for different social positions or statuses within a group or society. It contains structured and recurrent patterns of unequal distributions of goods, wealth, opportunities, rewards, and punishments. Racism, for example, is understood to be a phenomenon whereby access to rights and resources is unfairly distributed across racial lines. Conversely, "white privilege" is a concept developed by social scientist Peggy McIntosh to refer to the myriad ways in which white people benefit from racial inequality, in particular. There are two main ways to measure social inequality: inequality of conditions, and inequality of opportunities. Inequality of conditions refers to the unequal distribution of income, wealth and material goods. Housing, for example, is an inequality of conditions with the homeless and those...
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...CH1-2 Assignment 1. Child development is shaped by many factors. The three factors that play an important role in our development are culture, ethnicity, and socio-economic status. Culture is behavior patterns and beliefs passed down from generations. Cultural groups can be small or large. Ethnicity is a person’s nationality, race, religion, and language. Examples of ethnic groups are African Americans, Native Americans, and Asians, Socioeconomic status is a person’s position within a society based on occupation, education, and economic status. Socio-economic status is obtained by one’s self and not by cultural beliefs or ethnicity. The socio-economic status of my mother helped shape my development. As a child I was raised by a single mom; she worked full time and overtime to support us. 2. Characarticis of...
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...I believe that traditional Hindu teachings impedes India’s development as a modern nation. The caste system has been the downfall of the Hindu society for years. The upper castes conveniently used their power and status to perpetuate their social and religious distinction and to gain economic and political advantage. The caste system was enforced through the fear of political and religious authority, punishment being higher for the lower classes than the upper classes. Their caste system is based upon birth and heredity, your class being based upon the class of your parents. Every class completing their duties was critical to the success of the system itself. This meant that nobody, no matter the level of their intelligence nor their choice of trade. This leads to religion impeding the march of progress, hindering the development of India as a modern nation. The caste system has several disadvantages. Exploitation of the weak or lower classes is very common. There is a disunity and division of loyalties which has caused distrust and resentment within the system. Preferential treatment happens every day. The way someone is treated is based upon their birth rather than an individual’s skills, talents, or choice of trade. It lowers morale and self-esteem and will keep India separated forever. It might have served its purpose in the days of old but the system only impedes the advancement of India as a nation. Its biggest downfall, I believe, is that the system does not take into...
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