...9.4 Water Balance The body’s internal environment of extracellular fluid must maintain a constant volume, solute content, and often temperature. Humans and other organisms require a stable aqueous environment to survive. They carry this aqueous environment inside their body, and they must continuously replenish and maintain it. Aquatic organisms must also maintain their internal environment, since the conditions of the external environment change in terms of solutes and temperature. Atlantic salmon spends part of its life cycle in both freshwater and saltwater environments. For the first few years of its life, the salmon lives in freshwater rivers and lakes, where the solute concentration is less than the concentration within its body. This concentration gradient results in the uptake of water into the salmon’s internal environment, and therefore homeostatic mechanisms must expel the excess water from the body. As the salmon matures, it abandons the freshwater environment for the salt water of the Atlantic Ocean, where the concentration of solutes is higher. In this saltwater environment, the salmon experiences a continuous loss of water from its body, which it must replenish. Because water is not as abundant on land as it is in aquatic environments, terrestrial organisms require mechanisms to conserve water and maintain a homeostatic balance of solutes within their body. OSMOSIS – define the following: During osmosis, water molecules move from a region where they are highly...
Words: 1488 - Pages: 6
... the calorimeter is absorb a very little heat or can be said that nearly to zero. Therefore the qcalorimeter can be neglect in the equation ① as well. This is because the small value of it have. Thus, the equation can be simplifies to qreaction = qsolution − ② Next, the temperature change caused by the addition of a given amount of heat will depend on the specific heat capacity, Csp of the substances. Thus, the heat involved in this experiment can be calculated from this following equation. Q = (Csp)(m)(∆T) − ③ where, m is the mass of substances, ∆T is the temperature change which is the differences between the final temperature and the initial temperature. Based on the first law of thermodynamics, the heat energy supplied to a gas equals the sum of the increase in internal energy of the gas and the work done by the gas, which can be expressed in this equation form Q = ∆U + W where ∆Q = heat energy supplied, ∆U = increase in...
Words: 859 - Pages: 4
...company is ExxonMobil who retained the prestigious spot of number one for this year. However, there are other companies in the same field that are considered rivals but they also continue to strive and push forward. This paper will discuss the comparisons with the other companies in the same field. Also the financial health of said company, any technological advances, how globalization has affected the company’s business strategy and a bench marking analysis. Hess Corporation As one of the more notable competitors for ExxonMobil, this is a company that does have some extensive history behind it as well. It does have its place on the Fortune 500 list, however the number is quite down and not as high as s tome might think. This is a company that has marketed gasoline throughout more “1360 Hess gas stations in 16 U.S. states and operates a 50% owned oil storage terminal in the US Virgin Islands and a refinery in New Jersey. It also provides power to Northeast and Mid-Atlantic customers”(Andrews, 2012). “Leon Hess formed the Hess Corporation in 1933 where he purchased a 1926 second hand 615-gallon oil delivery truck and begins residential delivery, seven days a week near his home in Asbury Park, New Jersey. Between 1937-1947, recognizing that the large power companies...
Words: 2260 - Pages: 10
...Catherine Player CJ-515 Model Case Brief Case: Hess v. Indiana, (1973). Facts: The parties in the lawsuit are Gregory Hess v. the state of Indiana. The dispute is an arrest of disorderly conduct and speech and the right to protest. The case made it to the Supreme Court because Mr. Hess appealed his case because he was not satisfied with the verdict. A few important facts in the case are Mr. Hess was protesting using profanity and he was arrested for disorderly conduct. Issue: What is the basic legal question regarding what specific provision of law that is to be decided in the case? The basic legal question regarding specific provisions of the law is whether or not the defendant, Mr. Hess was within his rights as a citizen to protest and assembly while displaying disorderly conduct and profanity at a local state university?...
Words: 660 - Pages: 3
...The Functions and Role of Law in Business and Society LAW/421 The Functions and Role of Law in Business and Society The functions and role of law in business and society is to maintain order and decency to the effect of creating an environment that is reasonable, just and productive according to the cultural perspectives of the society in which they are implemented (Scheb&Scheb, 2011; Quirk, Seddon& Smith, 2010). Without law to control the actions of those that are either unscrupulous or simply not mentally capable of understanding or differentiating between right and wrong – society would be chaotic. An excellent example of this would be where there were no controls whatsoever over the stock market and family and friends were able to freely access the material inside information of the corporations their associates worked for. This would clearly lead to an environment where virtually only the very privileged few were able to profit from stock market trades in any significant way. It would also ultimately lead to a far less lucrative market when those who were not privileged simply fell out of the market altogether due to lack of opportunity to benefit from their participation, which dropping out would very likely lead to a severe global recession. In addition to regulating and setting standards for behavior within a society, laws also regulate and set standards for how business should be conducted. Business laws set the ethical standard and expectations...
Words: 1012 - Pages: 5
...penalties on individuals who violate laws. In America, various parts of the criminal justice system in America, including prisons, policing, and courts, developed gradually at the state and federal levels. Different jurisdictions have got different agencies, laws, as well as ways of managing the criminal justice processes. The criminal justice system of America was founded on common law, biblical teachings and the United States constitution as well as other sources. The criminal justice system is hugely based on the Bill of Rights which advocates for equal treatment of all individuals as well as ensuring that all the rights and liberties of individuals are well safeguarded. The modern criminal justice system is as a result of various evolutionary changes that the society has undergone ever since the inception of United States of America. The Americans relied significantly on religion in designing their criminal justice system which would help in shaping the American society as well as its behaviors (Burns, 2007). Question Two The American criminal justice helps in enforcing the country’s criminal laws. In America, criminal justice system is categorized into three levels: military, state and federal. In addition to these levels, every state has separate divisions dealing with juvenile and adult cases. The criminal justice system has three primary components, namely, law enforcement, courts, and corrections (Joyce, 2006). Law enforcement Law enforcement is the most important component...
Words: 1505 - Pages: 7
...in the Criminal Justice System (CJS). The constitution is significant because it contains the potential guidelines that recognize all citizens are equal. All citizens are unique and they should not be sidelined or neglected because of unwarranted reasons (Bresler, 2015). Therefore, the constitution plays the imperative role of ensuring that all citizens are treated equally and this brings the sense of belonging and nationality to the populace. In the quest to attain relevant knowledge and expertise on criminal justice, it has emerged that the constitution is supreme in outlining how to treat the populace in regard to embracing human dignity, attainment of equality, and human right promotion (Harr, Hess, Orthmann, & Kingsbury, 2014). The constitution also outlines how the rule of law is to be observed and how to provide impartial justice to all irrespective of variations in sexual orientation, religion or political affiliation. Therefore, the constitution surpasses all the other elemental personal values because it is the most significant element of justice. It could be quite challenging to provide justice in any given country without ascribing to the country’s constitution. From a personal perspective, I have come to learn that the constitution unites the entire country and provides guidelines about how citizens have to behave while within the country’s boundaries. Additionally, the constitution is an excellent source of personal values because it provides protection to professionals...
Words: 627 - Pages: 3
...test operator dealing with circuit boards, Testing and programming them. While at the same time attending Lakeland full time pursuing My Criminal Justice degree, since I’ve always been fond of law enforcement and admire their line of duty. At this time I’m currently working as a customer service representative and had to sign up for online classes because of my schedule times. Looking forward to online classes and hope for an enjoyable experience. My general appreciation of law enforcement officers after reviewing the book is that this is a very sensitive and often misunderstood by the general public, because of how people perceive them in the media as a us vs them attitude. And the reason for community policing began not as an obligation but primarily to serve and cooperatively engage with the community and citizens they swore to protect. Police departments have come under heavy fire and criticism on recent decades for the so called “Police brutality”: taking for...
Words: 499 - Pages: 2
...whistle-blower or relator files on behalf of the government. The government can then decide to take over the prosecution or not. If the government chooses not to proceed with the case, the relator may continue alone (Showalter, 2012). In order to file a suit, both the plaintiff and the allegations must meet certain guidelines. The same allegations should not have been brought to light previously, unless the qui tam plaintiff is the original source of information that was previously disclosed. The federal law provides a solution for whistle-blowers who are discharged, demoted, harassed, or discriminated against. This type of law suit has become popular and effective in fighting fraud and abuse because of this protection (Showalter, 2012). In healthcare, sometimes the qui tam plaintiffs argue that a claim involving a kickback or an illegal doctor self-referral is a violation of the False Claims Act (FCA). The case may be legitimate otherwise. One case is the United States ex rel. Marcus v. Hess. In this WWII case the contractor’s claims were fraudulent because the contract was secured through collusion. Another case, United States ex. rel. Woodard v. Country View Care Center, Inc. involved defendants who submitted cost reports to Medicare payments to “consultants” that was really kickbacks for referrals. The FCA applied to this case because the defendants’ reimbursement was based on these cost reports. In United States v. Kensington Hospital, the case was filed after arguments resulted...
Words: 770 - Pages: 4
...Froelich’s J331/CJL3297 Constitutional Law course. Seeds of Our Constitution The Magna Carta was signed almost 800 years ago. It laid the ground work for what is the U.S. constitution today, as well as many other government’s laws and regulations. Before the Magna Carta was created and signed into law the kings and queens of England ruled with absolute control. They could impose taxes that were unfair and unrealistic to meet and then prosecute and even execute anyone, for any reason, without any kind of trail. The Magna Carta changed the rights of the English people and in turn changed the world, both in the past when it was written, the current times and I believe it will continue to change the world in the future. Kings during medieval times were used to a certain type of control. Not only did they control their subjects but the church as well. Most subjects, including knights and noblemen were abused and had no legal way to combat this. Everything changed with the signing of the Magna Carta. “The Great Charter was extracted in June 1215 from King John by a group of barons, assisted by their followers ‘sword in hand.’ ”. (In Guns in American Society, 2003) King John was forced to sign the Magna Carta into rule. It gave his citizen’s rights they never had before as well as making the king follow certain rules. Our textbook states that the Magna Carta “ensured feudal rights and guaranteed that the king could not put himself above the law.” (Harr, 2012, Pg.13) The Magna...
Words: 1030 - Pages: 5
...As I have endured the Juvenile Justice course I have found some remarkable Supreme Court cases that in an essence changed the way juveniles are prosecuted today. The first case I will discuss is the Roper v. Simmon case in 1993 and the sentencing change in 2004. The second case is Yarborough v. Alvarado in 2004. I will discuss criminal justice theories that may help explain the crime. The juvenile courts and juvenile corrections prosecution and punishment of minor persons accused in each case. Also, the victims’ family’s reaction to the legislations decision to change the law in each case. This discussion should illustrate a clear picture of the importance each case played in the juvenile justice system. The Roper v. Simmons case starting...
Words: 1475 - Pages: 6
...CAIN AND ABEL LAWFIRM Memo To : Senior partner From : Willem Ouwehand Date : September 25, 2015 Subject : Assignment #1 Introduction to Law The case we are currently handling is a dispute between Sophie Hess and Antoinette Royan regarding a claim on real estate through inheritance. The case involves several facts that we have to read thoroughly and apply the law which is applicable to these facts. To gain a better insight we will analyze and review various facts that are of importance to this case. i)First of all, Adrien Hess while married to Sophie Hess had already began his relationship with the mother of Antoinette Royan, Angela Royan. ii)Whilst married to Sophie Hess, Adrien Hess gave a large sum of money to Angela Royan ....
Words: 997 - Pages: 4
...Facts PC is a professional corporation engaged in general practice law. D, E and F are equal shareholders and they act as its directors and principal officers. In 2008, D as the attorney on record was engaged to represent the Estate of Smith in a wrongful death action against Interdistrict Telephone Company. The parties in this case entered a settlement, which provided a lump sum payment to the estate and provided for an attorneys fee in the amount of $3,000.000 payable to D. D received the attorneys fee retained $1,000,000 and disbursed $1,000,000 to E and the other $1,000,000 to F. D reported receipt of $3,000,000 on Schedule C of his Form 1040 and claimed a deduction of $2,000,000, which represented the total amount disbursed to E and F....
Words: 2500 - Pages: 10
...high moral standard therefore in order for the citizens to feel safe they have to remain vigilant and professional; they are not expected to be any discrimination or biasness at all, during the commission of their duties. Law enforcement, correctional system and legal system are a few of the criminal justice professions that are entrusted by the government with the powers to protect and serve the citizens of the country. Law enforcement officer’s role is public safety, which can officially be broken down in different functions, enforcing the law, keeping the peace and protection of life and property. In carrying out the function law enforcement officer have to exercise discretion. Without law enforcement we would have anarchy and crime would be more prevalent. Policing is as much as helping people and maintaining community quality of life as it is about enforcing the law and apprehending criminals. In today’s multicultural and diverse society and with the high crime rate, discretion is very important. Even though their main focus is tackling the high crime rate, different approaches have to be taken when dealing CASE STUDY 3 with different cultural diverse groups. In order to combat this, most law enforcement agencies try to ensure that their community police force is a representative of its population. To do this...
Words: 739 - Pages: 3
...Assignment Unit 4 Candace House CJ140 March 26, 2013 Assignment Unit 4 There are two legal terms “search” and “seizure”. The legal term search means to examine another's premises to look for evidence of criminal activity. Under the 4th and 14th Amendments it is unconstitutional for law enforcement officers to conduct a search without a "search warrant" issued by a judge or without facts which give the officer "probable cause" to believe evidence of a specific crime is on the premises if there is not enough time to obtain a search warrant. The legal term seizure means the taking by law enforcement officers of potential evidence in a criminal case. The constitutional limitations on seizure are the same as for search. Thus, evidence seized without a search warrant or without "probable cause" to believe a crime has been committed and without time to get a search warrant, cannot be admitted in court, nor can evidence traced through the illegal seizure. Basically what all this means is that when evidence is being collected in a search and seizure it has to be done by protocol otherwise the criminal may walk free. An element that is needed with both the terms search and seizure is probable cause. Without the probable cause then we cannot legally search a person or their property and take any evidence. Search warrants may also be needed, provided that there is enough time to obtain a search warrant. A third element between the two terms is where there is the ability of doing...
Words: 622 - Pages: 3
