...“Global Consumer Culture is a beguiling illusion that completely glosses over the hard realities of national, ethnic and religious differences. It is therefore a dangerous fiction for the marketing manager to engage with.” Discuss, with examples. Introduction Globalization has made a more variety of products available for all consumers. In this sense, globalization increases differences, rather than generate homogenization (Lee & Usunier, 2009). Moreover, global influences are adapted to local circumstances; therefore, globalization results in an increasingly cultural diversity. The existence of a global consumer culture does not imply the disappearance of differences; rather, the modern culture results in the sum of these differences (Arnett, 2002). Global consumer culture (GCC) is a new stratum of common culture that superimpose on national cultures (Lee and Usunier, 2009) in the same way in which these overlap local traditions and subcultures existing within national boundaries, given the fact that most countries are already multicultural (Smith, 1991). Notably, it has been argued that culture is the most influential factor on consumer behaviour (Cleveland and Laroche, 2007); consequently, it is important to define the extent to which a modern global culture determine purchasing decisions, and these insights should inform marketing strategies. Therefore, the question is whether a GCC does exist, in which sense it should be interpreted, and how it does affect national cultures...
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...Asian American Population Project Name:_Janice Reynolds_Unit 6, Korn_Leslie_ Capella University COUNS 5334 March 14, 2011 Janice Reynolds Abstract This Asian American Population project will critically evaluate the theories, methods and research in cross-cultural awareness that relates to the Asian American Population. This Asian American Population project t will analyzed the influence of culture on attitudes, values, perceptions, human behavior and the interpersonal relations to the Asian American Population. The writer will identify potential problem that Asian Americans encounter in a pluralistic society such as the United States of America. The personal competencies will be identified and analyzed to improve interaction with Asians American within a counseling professional setting. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Title Page 1 2. Abstract 2 3. Introduction 4 4. Define Asian American 5 5. Historical Antecedents 6 6. Potential Problems 7 7. Educational Reflection 8 8. Personal Competencies 8 10. Theories Identity Formation 9 11. Action Plan 10 12. References 11 13. Annotated Bibliography 12 In Espiritu (1992) as the United States becomes an increasingly diverse society, the need for understanding the psychological impact of the immigrant and second-generation experience...
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...Human Resource Management Review 19 (2009) 117–133 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Human Resource Management Review j o u r n a l h o m e p a g e : w w w. e l s ev i e r. c o m / l o c a t e / h u m r e s Diversity in organizations: Where are we now and where are we going? Lynn M. Shore ⁎, Beth G. Chung-Herrera, Michelle A. Dean, Karen Holcombe Ehrhart, Don I. Jung, Amy E. Randel, Gangaram Singh Institute for Inclusiveness and Diversity in Organizations, Department of Management, College of Business Administration, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA a r t i c l e i n f o Keywords: Diversity Inclusiveness a b s t r a c t A great deal of research has focused on workforce diversity. Despite an increasing number of studies, few consistent conclusions have yet to be reached about the antecedents and outcomes of diversity. Likewise, research on different dimensions of diversity (e.g., age, race, gender, sexual orientation, disability, and culture) has mostly evolved independently. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to examine each of these dimensions of diversity to describe common themes across dimensions and to develop an integrative model of diversity. © 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. While the term “workforce diversity” is commonly used in scholarly articles as well as in the popular press, the focus and scope of the research is both varied and broad. Until recently, most studies...
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...Volume III Liz Mohn A Cultural Forum Corporate Cultures in Global Interaction Bertelsmann Foundation Gutersloh 2003 A Cultural Forum Corporate Cultures in Global Interaction Global Business Culture – an International Workshop, held in November 2002 in Gutersloh Content 04 05 Content 6 Foreword Liz Mohn Part I: Cultural Diversity as a Challenge for the Management of Globally Acting Companies: Forming Process of Interaction and Acculturation Global Corporate Cultures: Management between Cultural Diversity and Cultural Integration Wolfgang Dorow, Susanne Blazejewski Competing on Social Capabilities: A Defining Strategic Challenge of the New Millennium Piero Morosini Cultural Complexity as a Challenge in the Management of Global Companies Sonja Sackmann Managing Cultural Diversity: Insights from Cross-Cultural Psychology Felix Brodbeck Part II: Trust – Leadership – Conflict Management: Topics of Growing Importance to Multinational Companies at a Time of Globalization Corporate Culture of a Global Company: The Volkswagen Group Ekkehardt Wesner Organisational and Cultural Change at Deutsche Post World Net Joachim Kayser TOSHIBA EUROPE GmbH – An Example of Corporate Culture in Global Interaction Dirk Mandel Topics on the Increasing Significance of Globalization for Multinational Enterprises Gerhard Rübling List of Contributors 10 12 30 58 82 96 98 106 112 115 120 Foreword 06 07 Foreword Liz Mohn Mergers and...
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...REVIEW XIAN WEN JIN, MD, PhD Department of General Internal Medicine, The Cleveland Clinic JACQUELYN SLOMKA, PhD, RN Department of Bioethics, The Cleveland Clinic CAROL E. BLIXEN, PhD, RN Department of General Internal Medicine, The Cleveland Clinic Cultural and clinical issues in the care of Asian patients s A B S T R AC T Special problems of Asian patients have considerable impact on diagnosis and treatment, and the number of persons of Asian ancestry seen in primary care in the United States is increasing. Knowledge of how to provide optimal care despite language barriers, low socioeconomic status, different health beliefs and practices, and medical issues unique to this heterogeneous group is crucial to competent health care. with Asian patients include language barriers, low socioeconomic status, traditional health beliefs and practices, and epidemiologic issues. This article presents three case studies that illustrate how these problems can affect the health care of Asian patients, and describes ways to deal with them constructively. We also discuss what diseases are more common and what conditions have unique clinical aspects in this population. Asians: The fastest-growing minority Asians and Pacific Islanders are the fastest growing ethnic minorities in the United States, and are predicted to number more than 17 million by 2010.1 This heterogeneous population is from many cultures and speaks many languages—the 1990 US Census identified 25 distinct Asian...
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...is to examine the impact of context at four distinct levels. Design/methodology/approach – The literature on the influence of context on consumption and purchase behavior is reviewed to provide a framework to understand contextual factors as a means to refine entry strategy and develop effective segmentation strategies. Findings – A wide range of contextual factors exert influence on consumption choices and contribute to within-country heterogeneity. These are typically examined at the macro-level, but also need to be examined at the meso-level, micro-level and situational level to fully assess market opportunities and establish viable market segments. Practical implications – Examination of contextual factors provides a richer and deeper understanding of which international markets to enter and which segments to target. Within-country cultural diversity, dramatic economic and regional disparities and marked differences in the infrastructure need to be assessed. In particular, examination of contextual factors helps to shed light on heterogeneity within countries not only in customer behavior, but...
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...University of Lethbridge Course: MGT 3650 – B (Introduction to International Business) Instructor: Dr. Rehana Afaqi Research Paper Three Approaches That Will Help in Comparing Cultural Differences By Emmanuel Makoni, Sonia Jerin & Laren Michel Due Date: November 6th 2014 Introduction: There are around 196 countries in the world and the cultures and values differ between the different countries. There are still similarities in some of the culture traits. In today’s world people are more willing to engage in global business and for this reason they need to be able to adapt to the different cultures. As the cultures vary from country to country, people around the world may face many difficulties during their communication. Many businesses have failed due to the fact that they failed to fully assess the market they were entering in. The paper will portray three different approaches that will aid in understanding cultural differences that can be utilized as effective tools in conducting global business. These approaches are known as the context approach, the cluster approach and the dimension approach. 1. Context Approach: This is one of the three main approaches to understand cultural differences. Context approach is considered as the most straightforward as it relies on a single dimension. In addition, there are two parts of the context approach, known as: (i) High context cultures and (ii) Low context cultures. The two types of contexts have different cultures...
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...ELFH 715 Organizational Theory TERM PAPER Leadership for Diversity Management in Multinational Organizations Spring 2008 Introduction The objective of this paper is to emphasize the role of a leader in solving issues related to diversity management that challenge multinational organizations in the era of globalization. Shehata (2004) defines globalization as an increasing interconnectedness that involves “deepened and accelerated movement of information, capital, and people across the planet” (para. 6). The globalization process has been occurring for a number of centuries but its unprecedented growth in the twenty first century is altering the global economy and causing tremendous changes in the management and conduct of business and organizations. Globalization requires multinational organizations to eliminate borders and barriers of trade between nations resulting in a shift in traditional patterns of investment, production, distribution and trade. Due to elimination of geographical boundaries, multinational organizations face some unique cross-cultural people management challenges that can be addressed by effective diversity management initiatives. In this paper, I will present solutions to such unique issues from a hypothetical leader’s perspective. In the first section of the paper, I will explain the concept of diversity management through a thorough literature review, and propose an effective...
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...Part 2 Cases Case 1A–Joint Venture #1: The Corning-Vitro Divorce This case analyzes the business venture and subsequent breakup of Corning Glass Works, and American company, and Vitro, a Mexican firm. Suggested Questions for Class Discussion 1. Did Vitro and Corning do enough research before engaging in a joint venture? 2. Was it wise to start with such a large venture? 3. Could some of the problems have been mitigated through cultural training during the joint venture? 4. Was two and one half years long enough to try to make the joint venture work? Was it too long? 5. What can the two companies do to prevent such situations from occurring in the future? Case 1B–Joint Venture #2: The Volvo-Renault Marriage This case presents an overview of the successful alliance between two automobile makers, Volvo and Renault. Suggested questions for class discussion: 1. How does this case differ from the situation presented in Case 1, the Corning/Vitro joint venture? 2. Did the “chemistry” between the two top executives contribute to the overall success of the venture? 3. Did not having a provision in the agreement for dissolving the relationship contribute to its success? 4. Did the purchase of each other’s stock help ensure success? Case 2–Moto Coming to America This case gives a detailed account of the “courtship”...
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...Topic: Socio-Cultural impacts of tourism Tourism considered as global phenomenon which is carried out by persons itself. This naturally results in meeting of different culture, economy, progress, status, etc. round the globe. Human being considered as social animal cause’s significant social culture impact by tourism. According to Teo (1994) impacts are defined as “change in value system, moral, conduct, individual behaviour, relationship, lifestyle, expression, tradition”. Social culture impact of tourism discussed below is categorised broadly as positive and negative impact of tourism, factors responsible and impact management utilising various supportive journals articles. Interaction between host and tourist at particular destination leads to social culture impacts. This could have immediate social impact like change in quality of life, adjustment to tourist industry and long term culture impact like change in standards, social relationship defined as “conducting elements of behaviour and product of that behaviour” (Weidenfeld, 2012). Broadly literatures revels positive impacts like urban relocation by creating jobs, infrastructure, security, foster pride in culture, etc. certain negative impacts like increase in crime, environmental detonation, increase traffic, alcoholism, drugs, prostitution etc. However, the impacts are considered ambiguous broadly varies country to country and hosts perceptions. Various pre studied articles are taken into consideration to have detailed...
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...Table of Contents Title page 1 Abstract 3 Introduction 4 The psychological importance of the veil: shaping first impressions 7 The present research 10 Method 12 Positive Survey 13 Non Muslim perception of Islam in the West 13 Non Muslim perception of Islam in the West 15 Non Muslim perception of Islam in the west 20 Non Muslim perception of Islam in the west 23 Communication scale 28 Islamophobia scale 29 Design 30 Participants 30 Materials 30 Procedure 30 Analysis 31 Potential applications 33 Limitations and future directions 34 Conclusion 36 References 37 Abstract This research study will aim to measure the Islamophobic beliefs in non-Muslim people living in the West in multi-cultural, multi-ethnic and multi-faith societies such as London. To conduct this study, I will be replicating a study that has been produced by Everett et al (2015) called ‘Covered in Stigma? I will be conducting this research project to test Non-Muslim responses towards Muslim appearing people such as men in traditional clothes, beards and women in head coverings. I will use quantitative analysis to test my hypothesis, using two questionnaires, the Islamophobia scale and the Communication Scale as well as images of Muslim men and women in Islamic clothing depicted in an affirmative light or a poorly to prime participants beforehand. Introduction Prejudice and inequity towards the Muslim community has...
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...TranscUlturAl, vol.1, 1(2008), 14-24 http://ejournals.library.ualberta.ca/index.php/TC 14 Literary Translation and (or as?) Conflict between the Arab World and the West Mustapha Ettobi McGill University Introduction In 1990, Edward Said wrote an article entitled “Embargoed Literature” which was published in The Nation. In it, he argues that Arabic literature is “embargoed” in the West even if one of its most prominent figures, the Egyptian novelist and short story writer Naguib Mahfouz, was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1988. Said spoke of some “singular” reasons for this situation: [...] of all the major world literatures, Arabic remains relatively unknown and unread in the West for reasons that are unique, and I think remarkable at a time when tastes here [the United States] for the non-Western are more developed than before and, even more compelling, contemporary Arabic literature is at a particularly interesting juncture (Said 372). Although Said’s article was well received by Arab and non Arab critics and researchers (such as Richard Jacquemond, 1992), its main argument was also challenged by other critics and scholars such as Peter Clark (2000). The latter maintained that Arabic literature in translation has significantly progressed since 1988 and has been more reviewed and studied than before. In this article, I do not intend to either defend or question Said’s view but would like to examine an important issue which is central to his article: the...
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...THE ROLE OF LANGUAGE CODESWITCHING IN INCREASING ADVERTISING EFFECTIVENESS AMONG MEXICAN-AMERICAN YOUTH by MELISSA MAIER BISHOP Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Arlington in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT ARLINGTON December 2006 Copyright © by Melissa Maier Bishop 2006 All Rights Reserved ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS A wise professor told me before starting my PhD work to not forget my distractions. Therefore, this work is dedicated to my three favorite distractions—my husband Jeff and my two sons, Abel and Peyton. Thank you, Jeff, for all of your encouragement, your support, and your shoulder to lean on and your ear to listen during the past five years as we’ve come together on this journey. Thank you, Abel and Peyton, for sharing me with my studies and for often keeping me company while I studied for my exams and wrote my papers. Thank you also to my wonderful committee who were all so encouraging and patient with me, especially my Chair, Dr. Mark Peterson. Your excitement for my ideas inspired me as well as your belief in me. You have an unselfish and self-sacrificing nature that shines through you, and you are a gift to all of your students. Many thanks also to Dr. Roger Dickinson, who was a great support to me over the past five years and a big reason I decided to join the program in the first place. Thanks to my parents and to Jeff’s parents...
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...THE IMPACT OF CULTURE ON INTERACTIONS: FIVE LESSONS LEARNED FROM THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION Anne-Katrin Neyer Anne-Wil Harzing Version May 2008 Accepted for European Management Journal Copyright © 2007-2008 Anne-Katrin Neyer and Anne-Wil Harzing. All rights reserved. Prof. Anne-Wil Harzing Email: anne-wil@harzing.com University of Melbourne Web: www.harzing.com Department of Management & Marketing Faculty of Economics & Commerce Parkville Campus Melbourne, VIC 3010 Australia AN EXAMINATION OF THE IMPACT OF CULTURE ON INTERACTIONS: SIX LESSONS LEARNED FROM THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION Anne-Katrin Neyer1) Anne-Wil Harzing 2) 1) University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Department of Information Systems I, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Lange Gasse 20, 90403- Nuremberg, Germany, Anne-Katrin.Neyer@wiso.uni-erlangen.de 2) University of Melbourne, Department of Management and Marketing, Faculty of Economics and Commerce, Parkville Campus, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia, harzing@unimelb.edu.au Acknowledgements This study was supported by funds from the 'Jubiläumsfondsprojekt Nr. 11618 of the Oesterreichischen Nationalbank'. We thank Professor Gerhard Fink and Dr. Markus Pudelko for their helpful comments on earlier versions of this paper. Abstract Using data collected from 25 interviews with Austrian employees in the European Commission, we explore the conditions under which cultural differences do and do not influence...
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...PRACTICAL - 2 AIM: To explore the food culture in Old Delhi and New Delhi OBJECTIVES: 1. To understand food culture in Old Delhi and New Delhi. 2. To gauge similarities and differences in Old Delhi and New Delhi. 3. To study the impact of globalization on food culture in Delhi. INTRODUCTION A composite view of culture posit that the core of a culture consists in the shared assumptions, beliefs and values that the people of a geographical area acquire over generations. Assumptions, beliefs, values and norms are intermeshed and mutually interactive; they constitute the directional force behind human behaviour, which creates physical artefacts, social institutions, cultural symbols, rituals and myths. The latter in turn reinforce people's beliefs, norms and value systems and thereby enable the society of which they are part, to maintain cultural continuity (Sinha 2004). An essential feature of a culture is that its basic assumptions, beliefs and values are historically derived, traditional worldviews, transmitted from generation to generation. These temporal sociocultural links signify the distinctive achievements of a human group, thereby enabling them. to condition their future actions (Kroeber and Kluckhohn 1951: 181). By implication, culture is adaptive and changing – changing more rapidly and radically at its outer layers – artefacts, institutions and patterns of behaviours – than at its core which is primordial. Major changes in environment compel people to...
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