Criterion E: Processing Data
Stoichiometry: Actual and Theoretical Yield

Data and observations:
During the process of carrying out this test, we were told to heat up 1 gram of dibasic cupric carbonate, so that we are able to determine the weight of copper oxide obtained when the compound is decomposed my heating- as per the sheet we received. While operating this, I captured that at first, the color of the substance was a bright aqua blue, as oppose to after heating, when I witnessed it gradually change color to a charcoal solid black powder. Also, after measuring the powder before and after, it is discovered that the mass of the powder decreases. The data that we gathered shows that we started off with 1 gram (as authorized to do in the procedure) of the aqua blue substance when measured fairly accurate, and we ended up with .81grams of black powder.

Data Analysis:
When calculating the actual yield of copper oxide from the data recorded we found that the most accurate results would be .72 grams, different measurements from what we were able to attain, which was .81 grams. This could perhaps have occurred because of miscalculation and inaccuracy in measurement. For example, a small amount of powder may have been displaced while stirring the powder when it was placed above the bunsen burner. Some of the powder may have also remained on the stirring rod. Another possibility for this decrease could be that, as the substance was heated, it was also compressed. The reason behind why this change may have only been an error is because of the very slight decrease of the substance after the experiment was carried out. If this test was carried out more than one time, it would result in the data being more reliable and more accurate than it turned up being. The percent error amongst the difference actual yield and theoretical yield ended up being 12.5%. In other words, the data that was gathered was 12.5% inaccurate against the theoretical yield.
All shown in the data table below:

Figures that were measured | Mass (grams) | Evaporating dish | ---------------------------------- 69.09 | Evaporating dish+ Basic cupric carbonate | 70.09 | Cupric carbonate used | 1 | Dish + CuO after heating | 69.9 | Actual Yield of copper oxide | 0.81 | Theoretical Yield of copper oxide | 0.72 | Absolute error | 0.09 |

Conclusion:
The purpose of this experiment was to apply the methods of stiochiometry to the calculation of actual and theoretical yeild, and to practice the calculation of theoretical eild after determining the weight of copper oxide obtained when a compound is decomposed by heating. To be able to achieve this, we were expected to add 1 gram of dibasic cupric carbonate to an evaporating dish and then heating in above a bunsen burner after measuring the mass of the powder and evaporating dish. Later, when heated we were expected to measure the powder again, and note the differences as a class. In conclusion, it was determined that the theoretical yield was .72 grams, although the results gathered after carrying out the test, motioned that the actual yield was .81 grams. The reason behind the absolute error being .09 grams is the miscalculation of errors during measuring as mentioned above. Had this test been carried out multiple times as opose to this one time, the average results acquired would have been closer to .72 grams and would not have a percentage error of 12.5%.