...Biography Of Hippocrates Great Greek men such as Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle were people who laid the foundation for modern Philosophy. These three men are always mentioned when the subject of who are the Great Greek men of the past who made a significant impact on the world. Hippocrates is another great Greek genius who made a significant impact not on Philosophy but on the field of Medicine. He is considered one of the most influential figures in the History of Medicine. He is referred to as the “Father of Medicine” because of his endless contributions to the medical field as the founder of the Hippocratic School of Medicine. He created a school which revolutionized medicine in Greece because this school would eventually establish medicine as a separate profession. He changed the perception of Greek medicine with his revolutionary vision that disease was not caused by gods or spirits but was the result of natural action. The life of Hippocrates will be discussed in further detail such as his early childhood & life, his work, and his contributions/accomplishments to the World until his death. Hippocrates was an ancient Greek physician, who is also called the "Father of Medicine". He was born on the Aegean island of Cos which is near the island of Greece called Halicarnassus during the Classical Greece era towards the end of the fifth century B.C.E, around 460 BC. Ancient Greek history also believed that he was related to Hercules through his...
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...Hippocrates of Chios was a Greek merchant turned mathematician who wrote the first textbook on geometry. Hippocrates, who was born on the island of Chios, has been called one of the greatest mathematicians of his time. Legend has it that Hippocrates was a thriving merchant until lost all of his fortune. He is said to have traveled to Athens to try to win his fortunes back in a court of law. Since he was required to stay in Athens for the trials, Hippocrates began to attend lectures on mathematics to pass the time. He eventually became proficient enough in mathematics to open his own school. Hippocrates is believed to have been influenced by the Pythagorean School of Mathematics. His book contained some of the first written accounts of Pythagorean mathematics since the Pythagoreans themselves did not believe in written texts. Hippocrates was one of the first “paid” mathematics teachers, although the Pythagoreans believed it was taboo to earn money from their knowledge. He may have been able to establish a school because of his financial troubles. Hippocrates wrote the first mathematical textbook, called the Elements of Geometry and even though the book is lost, it had a profound influence on the mathematicians who followed him. Euclid based some of his work on that of Hippocrates in his book, Elements that was written more than a century later. One of the most famous problems faced by ancient Greek mathematicians was doubling the cube, also called the Delian...
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...Homer ca. 8th century BC Homer is best known for the two epic poems the Iliad and the Odyssey. The Iliad is generally considered the oldest work of Western literature. Even the Greeks themselves recognized Homer for his influence and did not consider themselves educated unless they had read his works. It’s disputed whether Homer actually is a historic person. Absolutely nothing is known about him or his life and some scholars believe that the Iliad and the Odyssey are the works of multiple authors rather than just one. No matter who wrote them, both the Iliad and the Odyssey have had a huge influence on literature. In fact, even Shakespeare based one of his plays on the Iliad. Sophocles ca. 496 – 406 BC Sophocles was a tragedian who wrote 123 plays during his life. Only seven have survived in entity, but they include classics such as Antigone, Oedipus the King and Electra. He developed theater by adding a third actor, reducing the importance of the chorus, and introducing scenography. Sophocles also abolished the traditional trilogic form of tragedies and made each play complete in itself – this added dramatic value to the plays. Herodotus ca. 484 – 425 BC Herodotus is considered the father of history in Western culture. He approached history as a science by collecting his material systematically and testing its accuracy. Herodotus was also a gifted narrator. The word history itself comes from Herodotus’ book The Histories, which means “inquiries” in Greek....
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... 3/14/2013 Reaction/Reflection Paper #2 : Lowney, chs. 11 & 12, Menocal, pp. 174-188 We learned that Muslim’s invasion of Spain provided economic, architectural and social developments in this area. In these readings (Lowney’s and Menocal’s) we can see that Muslims also had significant importance in medical and mathematical world. Maimonides was one of the most important physicians in Jewish society and he had many intellectual contributions to Judaism. He had important position as a physician. The important part is that where Maimonides inherited his wisdom? His medical secrets were based on ancient authorities like Galen and Hippocrates which were forgotten in the West but revived in the Islamic East. There were many successful philosopher-doctors in Islamic world like Ibn Sina (Avicenna in the West). Ibn Sina’s book was translated by Gerard as a Canon of Medicine. It was the Europe’s first translation about health and medicine. Ibn Sina’s (Avicenna) knowledge pushed European’s medicine forward. Moreover, there was another Spanish Muslim Abu-l-Qasim, also known as Abulcasis who became the practical companion to Avicenna’s theoretical Canon. He have gotten his hands dirty and actually practiced surgeries like amputating limbs, removing bladder stones and artificial teeth from beef bone thanks to Ibn Sina’s knowledge. In Latin system the zero as a number was absent...
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...Undecided Title Jessica Cottrill COM/156 Gerald Chouinard There are two gods in Greek mythology that stand out from a medical standpoint, in particular. Those being Hippocrates and Asclepius. Hippocrates has become known to many historians and physicians as the founding father of medicine due to his taking it and making it a rational practice, free from magic and superstition. (Osborn, 2010.) The influences of Hippocrates are vast and still provide a basis for physicians today. He was the first to document medical histories and use patient histories to study their illnesses. He factored in all aspects of their lives including past medical problems, the climate in which they live, diet and their line of work. The Hippocratic collection is composed of Hippocrates writings from his research and practice of medicine. It is composed of sixty books documenting information on every part of the human body including the brain, skin and eyes. It is unclear as to whether Hippocrates wrote all of the collection, but it is thought to have been written by himself and his students. (Truman, 2013.) The myth of Asclepius and his contributions to modern medicine are surrounded by more fantastical stories of healing than, Hippocrates. According to ancient Greek history, Asclepius was so skilled in his surgical and healing capabilities, it appeared as though he could rise the dead to living again. According to myth, Asclepius was struck down by the gods who were...
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...The former problem is difficult to evade, as amputations have no room in the Aristotelian worldview. In 1540, the teachings of Galen and Hippocrates were treated almost as absolute truth, as this was the medical curriculum taught and not publicly questioned. Physicians were responsible for learning how planetary arrangements in the celestial sphere influenced one’s temperament as determined by a specific balance of humours, and would prescribe a regimen to cure most illnesses resulting from imbalance of humours. Treatment was usually, exercise and eating vegetables. Bloodletting and leeching were more invasive procedures, which made it possible to reduce blood, one of the four humours, to its normal levels for an individual’s specific balance....
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...Assisted Suicide In ancient Greece and Rome, views toward infanticide, active euthanasia, and suicide were not only tolerated, but accepted. Many ancient Greeks, Romans and Pagan Physicians performed frequent abortions as well as both voluntary and involuntary mercy killings. During these early times, it made more sense to support voluntary death rather than prolonged agony, and physicians complied by giving their patients the poisons they requested. The ancients stressed the deliberate intent to die, provided that it was done for the right reasons; for example, to end the affliction caused by a terminal illness. Indeed, in classical Athens, the city judges kept a supply of toxic for anyone who wished to end there suffering. So how has this affected our society today? Should this act be tolerated? Should this offense be legal? During the Holocaust, assisted suicide played an immense role which later demonstrated the apparent danger of following such a sequence. Unfortunately Americans are prone to short term memory and thus the debate has risen again. With the legalization of assisted suicide, must come an abundant amount of restrictions. Restrictions need to include an age limit on the patient, time passed after being diagnosed that the request will be considered, mandatory health screenings, physically and mentally, screening of the physician that will be administering the lethal dosage. A background check needs to be performed on the family and close friends to prevent...
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...A MATTER OF PRINCIPLE * Case analysis Perspective of the case Q1) Was Nandini Sharma forced to resign or did she resign voluntarily? To understand the resignation either coerced indirectly by the pharma company or she resigned voluntarily needs understanding of Constructive discharge doctrine i.e “employee’s decision to quit due to un-endurable environment is assimilated to a formal discharge for remedial purposes” [1] At will contract: The definition of at-will employee is “At-will employment is a legal presumption in all U.S. states whereby either an employer or an employee may, with no adverse legal consequences, terminate the employment relationship for any legal or no reason.[2] Exceptions being 1) Violates Public Policy 2) Whistle blower 3) Hostile work environment As presented in the facts of the case, the Nandini Sharma was subjected to violation of public policy and her dismissal stood Constructive Discharge as 1) She received demotion and reduction in job duties 2) Was transferred 3) Badgered 4) Humiliated by claiming un-promotable, uncooperative and unproductive These conditions satisfy to claim “sufficiently intolerable’ environment at the Pharma co. This can be further understood by the case The First Circuit, in Vieques Air Link, Inc. v. U.S. Department of Labor*, It was found work conditions were tweaked for a pilot who blew the whistle to Federal Aviation Administration and the company. The employee was...
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...Doctors believed in many different things. One thing they believed was that the liver was the source of our emotions(Ros,Maggi). Now we know that the source of our emotions are is the subconscious mind which is part of our brain. They believed that four humors or fluids entered into the composition of a man the liquids are blood, choler ,melancholy ,and phlegm. According to this belief one humor could control the temperature as sanguine, phlegmatic, choleric, or melancholy. One believed that if there is too much it can cause a disease(Medical Beliefs and Practices 2). Physician believed what they did because ancient teachings of Aristotle and Hippocrates.(The Beliefs of the Elizabethan Physician).There beliefs centered around astrology. In...
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...The ancient theory of humor was the most commonly cited medical theory of mental illness. It was first formula of the Greek physician Hippocrates. His theory was that heat was controlled by the balance of the four humors in the body: Phlegm, black bile, red or yellow bile and blood. When one of his humors become relaxed a person would become emotionally and behaviorally disturbed, therefore the bleeding, purifying and other techniques were meant to heal the person. In France after the revolution, Philippe Pinel was a director of the larger Parish Hospital for women. He treated his patients by providing them with assistance to regain their reasoning. His program was very successful. William Tuke opened a similar institution in York at about the same time. His colleagues and he believed that mental illness was just a state of the person’s mind and so it was built to house only 30 people but only a third of that number participated in this program. This time of treatment was called the moral treatment because patients were treated with human care that would help them return to their normal life. In the United States, physicians who were treating the insane were called alienists because it was believed that this disorder was the cause of becoming alienated. By 19th...
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...Hippocrates There is confusion regarding the dates and works surrounding Hippocrates. There have been very few records (date wise notes and proofs) found on his medicinal works, theories and life. According to most historians Hippocrates was believed to have been born somewhere around 460 BC in Kos or Cos, an island in Greece. Hippocrates’ fame gathered around medicine. He was the father of medicine. Greek politics and governance had opposed Hippocrates’ theories and approaches. For this reason the great physician had spent two decades in state prison. Hippocrates wrote his very famous book of medicine 'The Complicated Body' when he was in prison. Hippocrates was probably the first medicine man to have started thinking that diseases are common and natural occurrences and not due to some external forces like superstition or gods. Pythagoras and his disciples had credited Hippocrates for associating philosophy and medicine. Hippocrates stated that disease was created by environmental factors, diet, and living habits. This has been affirmed by the ‘Hippocratic Corpus’ (a collection of several medical works completed in ancient Greek eras having strong association to Hippocrates and his teachings). Plato’s works have mention of Hippocrates. Work The world and philosophy of Hippocratic medicine was very different from modern medicine. Hippocrates worked mostly in lines of anatomy, humorism and physiology. Hippocrates and his Hippocratic medicine were themed on ‘crisis’. The term...
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...While many of Hippocrates’ medical models have since been disproven, his ancient insight “Let food be your medicine, and medicine be your food” is relevant to me because it could have spared me seven years of trouble. The miserable stomach pain began in fourth grade. I initially attributed it to lactose intolerance, but when I went dairy-free, it continued into high school and wreaked havoc on my running. Freshman track ended as a smattering of poor performances. Undeterred, I set the goal to earn a varsity letter. Unfortunately, sophomore year proved worse as my symptoms escalated and my condition declined. I began searching for a solution. Coincidentally, the gluten-free diet was gaining popularity and many of my symptoms aligned with gluten intolerance. After starting the gluten-free diet, I was astonished that my symptoms ceased. With newfound health, my goal of earning a varsity letter was finally within reach. Fate, however,...
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...at the time ethical dilemma presents itself (Carter, Bennett, Jones & Naggy, 1999). The development and the application of ethical principles and standard in professional lives are strongly influenced by cultural elements. BREIF HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES ON WESTERN ETHICAL CODES The influence of culture on ethical professional practice could be traced back to the time of the development of some selected code of ethics. Professional codes in the West typically follow the Hippocratic tradition (Veatch, 19997) which is often acknowledged by both physicians and lay people as the foundation of medical ethics for physicians in the west. Among the Christian cultures, a new version of the Hippocratic oath called the oath According to Hippocrates insofar as a Christian may swear it (Jones, 1924), emerged for Christian physicians with some changes to reflect the culture of the Christian Kingdom. These includes removal of references to the Greek gods and goddesses, the dropping of the prohibition against surgery whilst strengthening the prohibition on abortion (Veatch, 19997). Similarly, the Percival’s medical ethics which become the foundation of modern Anglo-American professional physicians’ ethics also show some variation with the Hippocratic Oath. The religious virtue of purity and holiness of the Hippocratic Oath are replaced with virtues of gentleman: Physicians should “unite tenderness with steadiness and condescension with authority” (Percival, 1927). ETHICS...
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...TOPIC: National Technology Policy Initiatives MAIN ISSUE STATEMENT: Are you in favour of the legalization of Reproductive Health bill in the Philippines? The Reproductive Health Bill, known as the RH Bill, are Philippine bills aiming to guarantee universal access to methods and information on contraception, fertility control, sexual education, and maternal care. The bills have become the center of a contentious national debate. There are presently two bills with the same goals: House Bill No. 4244 or An Act Providing for a Comprehensive Policy on Responsible Parenthood, Reproductive Health, and Population and Development, and For Other Purposes introduced by Albay 1st district Representative Edcel Lagman, and Senate Bill No. 2378 or An Act Providing For a National Policy on Reproductive Health and Population and Development introduced by Senator Miriam Defensor Santiago. THESIS OR CONVICTION: Yes, COUNTER ARGUMENT: No, because SUPPORTING ARGUMENTS 1. No, because Philip Nitschke, MD, Director and Founder of Exit International, commented in his June 5, 2009 interview with Kathryn Jean Lopez titled "Euthanasia Sets Sail" that appeared in the National Review Online: "Over time the Hippocratic Oath has been modified on a number of occasions as some of its tenets became less and less acceptable. References to women not studying medicine and doctors not breaking the skin have been deleted. The much-quoted reference to 'do no harm' is also in need of explanation. Does not doing...
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...Since Hippocrates wrote his Hippocratic Oath, the morals of medicine have preoccupied the minds of many medical philosophers. Occasionally, medical professionals and researchers have ignored the morals set down by their philosophic predecessors. The Nazis of the 1930’s and 40’s committed one of the most heinous breaches of morality in history. Josef Mengele lead Nazi doctors in conducting painful and sometimes fatal experiments on captured Jews without their consent. Rebecca Skloot uses the Aristotelian rhetorical technique of pathos in the contemporary biography The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks to demonstrate how, in the 1940s, the lack of medical ethics wronged countless families and individuals as they came to seek medical attention....
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