...invasion of Japan. But with Allied casualties from an invasion estimated to reach 1 million deaths — plus another 10 million Japanese casualties, including civilians — Allied planners searched for another way to end the war, which they found in the Manhattan Project. Advertisement This is a mockup of "Little Boy," the atomic bomb that was dropped over Hiroshima, Japan, on Aug. 6, 1945. This is a mockup of "Little Boy," the atomic bomb that was dropped over Hiroshima, Japan, on Aug. 6, 1945. Credit: U.S. National Archives The Manhattan Project Concerned over reports that Nazi Germany was developing a new type of weapon using radioactive uranium, in 1939 U.S. government officials began to investigate the potential of uranium — particularly the uranium-235 isotope — for making a powerful bomb. Within a matter of months, a coalition of American, British and European scientists — many of whom were refugees from Germany, Italy and other fascist nations — began collaborating on a vast international project to develop a uranium-based bomb before any Axis powers beat them to it. Because one early component of the project was based in the U.S. Army's Manhattan District, the name Manhattan Project...
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...The Bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki Pearl Harbor was bombed on December 7, 1941. An air attack led by Commander Mitsuo Fuchida, which consisted of 183 fighters and bombers, attacked Pearl Harbor at 7:55 a.m. During the bombing many ships were destroyed, and many soldiers died. This event would bring the United States into World War II. The Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor because it was considered the height of America’s Naval supremacy. Another reason is that the Japanese knew the United States would primilary be using the navy to attack them. Since the Japanese were trying to take over China, they knew it would be a bit easier for them to do it because it would be harder for us to get to Japan and stop them if they destroyed the American Navy in Pearl Harbor. Despite how far Japan was from Pearl Harbor, it was still closer then the rest of the United States. The Japanese fleet had to sail over 4,000 miles to launch airplanes to attack Hawaii. The Japanese were able to attack Pearl Harbor because America's intelligence community failed to notice them. Some reasons why it was hard for the American intelligence community to notice the Japanese on their long naval journey, was the Japanese would only travel at night and would not use any radio communication. Any form of radio interception was impossible (Truman). The Manhattan Project started when Albert Einstein left Germany to come to the United States to escape Nazi prosecution. A month after Einstein had left Germany he...
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...unconditionally to the Allies in 1945. The Development of Substitute Materials, more widely known as its later codename the Manhattan Project, was created in 1942 and was in effect until 1946- after the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August of 1945. The bombings of Hiroshima and...
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...One of man’s most devastating weapons, The Atom Bomb. The first time this particular weapon was used for warfare was during World War II when the United States bombed both Hiroshima and Nagasaki just days apart in August 1945. Where did this monstrosity originate? Via the “Manhattan Project”.The Manhattan Project was a combination of the United States’ financial, scientific, industrial, and technological might to produce the ultimate weapon...The Atom Bomb. [ae] “The Manhattan Project was committed to expediting research that would produce a viable Atomic Bomb.” The first and most difficult step towards the creation of the “A bomb” was the production of “enriched” uranium- to create a chain reaction. Back then, extracting that kind...
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...“The Birth of a Little Boy: The Manhattan Project” “The Birth of a Little Boy: The Manhattan Project” In 1919 a New Zealand Nobel Peace Prize winning chemist working at Cambridge University in England would lay the foundation for one of the most prolific and destructive weapons the world has ever seen. Ernest Rutherford changed the way scientists looked at atomic structure when he successfully changed several atoms of nitrogen into oxygen. In this process he discovered the proton. Rutherford’s scientific discovery would get a boost in 1932 when his then colleague, James Chadwick, discovered the final piece to the atomic puzzle, the neutron. With the complete atomic structure established, the process of further breaking down elements began. One element of particular interest was uranium, the heaviest element on the periodic table. Uranium was broken down into three categories by their number of neutrons: uranium-234, uranium-235, and uranium-238.1 Six years later uranium-235 would become a focal point in nuclear research. The year 1938 would bring about the next phase of nuclear warfare, nuclear fission. Radiochemists, Otto Hahn and Fritz Strassman, were working in their lab in Berlin, bombarding different elements with neutrons. As they worked down the periodic table they stumbled on something interesting. Uranium reacted significantly more to neutron bombarding than the other elements they had tested. Additional testing led Hahn and Strassman to hypothesize...
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...Hiroshima and memory Background During the final stage of World War II 1945, the United States conducted the atomic bombings of the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in Japan. Such events are the only use of nuclear weapons in the world. The atomic bombs were created by the Manhattan Project, which was a research and development program established by the United States with the United Kingdom and Canada that produced the first atomic bomb during World War II. The United States called for a surrender of Japan in the Potsdam Declaration on 26 July 1945 by threatening Japan with “prompt and utter destruction”. However, such ultimatum was ignored by the Japanese government. Thus, two nuclear weapons that developed by the Manhattan Project had been deployed by the United States. Hiroshima was the primary target of the first atomic bomb mission and Nagasaki was the second target of the mission. The first nuclear weapon named Little Boy was dropped from an American B-29 Superfortress, known as Enola Gay on the city of Hiroshima on 6 August 1945 and followed by another nuclear weapon named Fat Man dropped from the B-29 Bockscar on the city of Nagasaki on 9 August. The official figures by Japanese at the time put the death toll at 118,661 and the later estimates the final toll was about 140,000 of Hiroshima’s 350,000 population including military personnel and those who died later due to radiation. On the other hand, the explosion of Fat Man event killed 39,000 and caused a further...
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...(Encyclopædia Britannica, 2016) This catastrophic bomb was used twice during World War II. On August 6, 1945, the United States dropped its first atomic bomb on the city of Hiroshima, Japan. The bomb was known as "Little Boy", a uranium gun-type bomb that exploded with about thirteen kilotons of force. Three days after the United States dropped an atomic bomb on Hiroshima, a second atomic bomb was dropped on Nagasaki, Japan, on August 9, a twenty one kiloton plutonium device known as "Fat Man.”(Atomic Heritage Foundation, 2012) This paper will discuss the creation and use of the first two atomic bombs. Early in 1939, German physicists had learned the secrets of splitting a uranium atom. Fears soon spread over the possibility of Nazi scientists utilizing that energy to produce a bomb capable of unspeakable destruction. Scientists Albert Einstein, who fled Nazi persecution, and Enrico Fermi, who escaped Fascist Italy, were now living in the United States. They agreed that President Franklin Roosevelt, must be informed of the dangers of atomic technology in the hands of the Axis powers. In late 1941, the American started to design and build an atomic bomb, which later received its code name, the Manhattan Project, which was named after one of the initial sites of research, Columbia University in Manhattan, New York. Nuclear facilities were built at Oak Ridge, Tennessee and Hanford, Washington. The main assembly plant was built at Los Alamos, New Mexico. Robert Oppenheimer and...
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...as the Manhattan project. The development of this bomb changed the way scientists, as well as the rest of the world, looked at nuclear energy. It also help in bringing along one of the biggest arms races in history, the cold war. So why was this atomic bomb produced? It all started with the discovery of nuclear fission by German chemists Otto Hahn and Fritz Strassmann in 1938. This is what made the idea of creating an atomic bomb a very possible theory. The Manhattan project was created in 1942 “During its four years of existence the Manhattan Project mobilized over 120,000 people—including most of the United States' physicists, chemists, engineers, doctors, and technicians, along with a small group of outstanding German/Austrian refugee scientists—into 37 top-secret installations.” (Avery, 383) This made the Manhattan project as big as the auto industry at the time. Basically, the creation of the atomic bomb was inspired by the fear that Germany would make one first, which is what they were on track of doing. On August 6, 1946, a Boeing B-29 Bomber named the Enola Gay, piloted by Colonel Paul Tibbets, and dropped “Little Boy” on Hiroshima, Japan. “Little Boy” exploded 2,000 feet above Hiroshima in a blast equal to 15 kilotons of TNT, destroying five square miles of the city. On the August 9, 1945, another B-29 piloted by Major Charles W. Sweeney, dropped fat boy over Nagasaki, Japan. This bomb, known as fat boy, was more powerful than the bomb dropped on Hiroshima, but due...
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...The Atomic Bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki The World War II had been going on for over two years and the U.S. was staying in isolationism. But on December 7, 1941 Japan launched an attack on Pearl Harbor. After this The United States declared war on Japan. On August 6, 1945, little boy, the first atomic bomb ever used in war was dropped on the city of Hiroshima. This resulted in 70,000-80,000 people died immediately and another 70,000 were injured. Hiroshima at the time was very large with roughly 350.000 people living there. It was chosen because it had industrial and military significance. Three days later it was followed by Fatman, the second and last atomic bomb used in war, which was dropped on the city of Nagasaki. This resulted in over 40,000-75,000 immediately dying. Originally Fatman was to be dropped on the city of Kokura, but because of the weather they decided to bomb their secondary target Nagasaki. Nagasaki was important because it was one of the largest seaports in Japan and the large industrial activities including producing military equipment.Many things led up to the bombing of these two great Japanese cities. The first event leading up to the bombing is World War II and Japans involvement in bringing the US out of isolationism. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor the US was already furious with Japan and wanted revenge. Another thing leading up to this event was Manhattan Project. This was started in 1939 when the U.S., feared that the Germans...
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...The Manhattan Project was morally incorrect, and may have seemed like it was for good cause, but ultimately lead to violence and death. The intentions were to end the war, but it did much more than that. Causing over 150,000 deaths and many more injuries. It all started when nuclear scientists in Germany discovered the secret to splitting the uranium atom. This enabled weapons of mass destruction to be made, but first scientists needed to learn how to harness the power of the splitting of the atom, and convert it into a destructive force. Nazi Germany was first to start research on creating a bomb capable of destroying whole cities. Word got out, and the U.S. government knew they had to finish creating a bomb before Germany or else it could...
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...Hiroshima On August 6, 1945 the first atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima, Japan by an American B-52 bomber. The dropping of the atomic bombs in Japan brought an end to World War II and was somewhat of a form of revenge towards the Japanese from the Americans. The United States had been working on the development of the atomic bomb since the mid to late 1930’s with the Manhattan Project. The United States began developing the atomic bomb after Albert Einstein had informed President Franklin D. Roosevelt that Nazi Germany was also looking at how to create nuclear weapons by purifying uranium-235. Robert Oppenheimer oversaw the Manhattan Project, in which they “perfected” the formula for refining uranium and making it into an atomic bomb. By the time that the United States had “perfected” nuclear weaponry Germany had already been defeated, but the war with Japan continued on. The United States chose to drop the bomb on Hiroshima because it was a city of industrial and military significance, there were many military units located near the city and it was the site of Field Marshal Shunroku Hata’s Second General Army. The city of Hiroshima was a key shipping port for the Japanese military and it was also a meeting place for the military. At the time of the bombing the population of Hiroshima was approximately 345,000 compared to what it was at the beginning of the war, which was approximately 381,000 residents. There was a significantly smaller number at the time...
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...ESSAYS FOR THE FINAL EXAM 2014 1. What was the Manhattan project and how did it evolve? How was the decision made to drop the bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki and how did the bombing end the war? (be specific and complete) Essay – The Manhattan project was central to the United States efforts in constructing a nuclear bomb during the Second World War. Motivated by the fear of an enemy attack from the Nazi’s, the United States was able to develop the world’s most devastating bombs, which would end up killing more than 200,000 Japanese citizens in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. In this way, the Manhattan project essentially grew out of America’s efforts to defend themselves against a potential Nazi attack. Hungarian scientist Leo Szilard, after escaping to America, realized that if the Nazis acquired the works recently conducted on nuclear fission, they might be able to construct a nuclear bomb and dominate the world with its destruction. He then convinced Albert Einstein of the impending Nazi threat and Einstein took the initiative to alert the United States by writing a letter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt. In the letter sent in August 1939, right before the start of the war, Einstein advised that the United States be wary of the threat of nuclear weaponry in the hands of the enemy and that they should begin a weapons building program of their own. A very small committee was established to look into the science and development of a bomb, funded by a mere $6,000. President...
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...The Manhattan Project was a top secret project during World War II conducted by the United States, Great Britain, and Canada to develop the first nuclear weapon (the atomic bomb). Once President Truman was informed of the Manhattan Project, he formed a committee to research and discuss the most effective way to use the bomb to shock Japan into surrendering. Based upon the massive loss of lives suffered by both the United States and Japan on Iwo Jima and Okinawa, President Truman knew that it was unlikely that Japan would surrender unconditionally as demanded by the Potsdam Declaration without an invasion of Japan itself. After conferring with advisers, President Truman considered, but ultimately rejected several alternatives to using the bomb....
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...In 1939 Scientists discovered that a powerful explosion might be possible by splitting an atom. Engineers, Scientists, and the Army got together to start the Manhattan Project (The process of the making of the atomic bomb.) Albert Einstein helped the scientists with his theories. He sent a letter to President Roosevelt telling him how Hitler was trying to create the same bomb, he approved that they should start the Manhattan project, because they were scared that the Nazis would do it first. The atomic bomb was successfully tested in Los Alamos New Mexico on July 16, 1945, at Trinity Site near Alamagordo New Mexico. Ernest Lawrence, Vannevar Bush, Robert Bacher, and Theodore Hall were the creators of the Manhattan project. They created two...
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...the Japanese city of Hiroshima and later on Nagasaki. This was the period of panic, which the entire earth had opened its eye to be mesmerized by the horror of the atomic holocaust. President Harry Truman and Secretary of War Henry Stimson used the nuclear weapons; Little Boy and Fat Man merely as a military action to escape the loss of nearly millions of bodies in the next invasion on the Island of Kyushu. Even though Truman and Stimson saved up to millions of lives they still caused millions of innocent deaths. Around the year of 1942 President Franklin Delano Roosevelt introduced the Manhattan Project after he had found out that the British were on...
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