...ALEXANDER THE GREAT: HERO, HUMANITARIAN, OR MANIAC? INTRODUCTION Alexander the Great is by all historical accounts one of the most influential figures of history. He was the son of Philip II, the King of Macedon who conquered Greece in 338 B.C. but was assassinated soon thereafter. Alexander thus became king at the age of seventeen (in 336 B.C. ), and at the age of twenty he set off to conquer the known world. In a series of lightning campaigns he conquered the Persian Empire that had until then been invincible, and in a certain sense he avenged Greece for the earlier Persian Wars. He marched through Asia Minor, Syria, Egypt, Mesopotamia, and Persia, conquering all before him. In monumental battles he defeated the Persians at Granicus (334 B.C.), Issus (333 B.c.), and Gaugamela (331 B.c.). He drove his soldiers on, crossing the mountains and deserts of central Asia, until he reached the borders of India (326 B.C.). There he finally turned back, retreating to Babylon, where he established his court. At Babylon he fell sick and suddenly died, at only thirty-two years of age (323 B.c.). Alexander hardly had time to organize his new empire, and this makes it all but impossible to know how he would have been as a ruler, instead of a conqueror. After his death, Alexander's empire fell apart and was ruled by his successors, Macedonian generals who became kings of independent areas. Most of these rulers continued Alexander's policies of toleration and cultural integration. Alexander's...
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...THUNDERBIRD THE GARVIN SCHOO L OF INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT A07 -05 -00 15 KISHORE DASH McDoNALD's IN INDIA I do not see any thing wrong with McDonald\ doing business in India. A/fer all, if ts not McDonaldization that we know of 11 is a Big MaCcommodatw n. A Senior Bureaucrat in New Delhi In October 1996, McDonald's opened irs ttrst Indian ourlec in Vasant Vihar, a n affluent residential colony in India's capital, New Delhi. As of November 2004 , McDonald 's has opened a total of 58 restaura nts, mostl y in the northern a nd western parr of India (Exhibit 1). 1 While McDonald 's opened 34 restaura nts in five years (by 2001 ), 58 restaurants in eight yea rs (by 2004), it is now pla nning to add more than 90 new restaurants in the next three years. 2 Although the initial scenes of crowds lining up for days outside the M cDonald 's res taurants in Delhi and Mumbai are no longer seen, Indian consumer response to McDonald's products still remains very strong. The ten McDonald's I visited in Mumbai and Delhi were pac ked with young people, children , and yo ung p a renrs enjoying ice c reams, sp icy potato wedges (instead of the usual frenc h fries), and Happy M ea ls. The growth of M cDonald's in India is not as rapid as in China (Exhibit 4) . Bur irs growth is nevertheless impressive . How did McDo nald's d o it? How d id a hamburger cha in becom e so promi nent in a cultural z.one dominated by non-beef, non-pork, vegetarian, and regional foods such as chofa bhatura...
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