History essay A history event that changed or had and effect on the world today would be the year 1968 can be recognized by the mass-youth appeal in late twentieth-century political and intellectual culture. It's most frequently remembered for the assassination of Martin Luther King, the May uprisings by students and workers in France, the assassination of Robert Kennedy, the riots in Chicago during the Democratic National Convention, the massacre of government protesters in Mexico City during the weeks leading up to the Olympics, and the election of Richard Nixon--to name just a few of the more infamous events. It was a year marked by the beginning of America's decline as the single dominant economic power to emerge at the end of World War II. Many social changes that were addressed in the 1960s are still the issues being confronted today. The ‘60s was a decade of social and political upheaval. In spite of all the turmoil, there were some positive results: the civil rights revolution, John F. Kennedy’s bold vision of a new frontier, and the breathtaking advances in space helped bring about progress and prosperity. However, much was negative: student and anti-war protest movements, political assassinations, and ghetto riots excited American people and resulted in lack of respect for authority and the law.

Edward Sanders' book-long poem entitled 1968: A History in Verse depicts all areas of the year 1968 from January 1st through the end of December. Sanders avoids depicting the year 1968 as either the last great hope for historical redemption in America or as the beginning of a reactionary turn in the culture. The book recaps the year in which he played an important socio-cultural activist, role model, musician, and poet. The poem continues to cite specific details centered mostly on where his rock band, the fugs, traveled to and whom and what he encountered along the way.

“To me this was the last mote of proof in 1968 that the Nation was lost” (189). After witnessing the riots in Chicago, the "Nation" Sander’s referred to is an imaginary society in which community responsibility is shared equally between both government and citizens, and economic resources are distributed more rightfully among its members, when it is actually an existing set of political formations run by the government.

The book continues to address 1968 as a rebellious era of the youth of America. The Yippies, or members of the anti-political association The Youth International Party, were active across America voicing their opinion and opposing the war. This was the age of sex, drugs, and peace, “just as someone today might ask “do you mind if I smoke?” In ’68 they’d ask “Do you mind if I shoot up?””(57). It was interesting to see the courageousness of the twenty-something’s rebelling and acting as though they were invincible to authority.

The passage “John Lennon recorded the lead vocal…showed Kennedy leading 49 to 41 o’er McC” (131) is a good example of both the form Sanders employs throughout 1968, as well as of the kinds of information conveyed. It also reveals the ways in which culture and politics are intertwined throughout the book. When exposed without its cultural trappings (as in references like the riots at the Democratic National Convention), the politics in 1968 are at times filled with a sense of threat and danger, and repeatedly marked as raw aggression. On the other hand, cultural politics are frequently presented as acts of liberation and it's in this sense that 1968 is closest to the spirit of the late Sixties, though not exclusively so. It seems as though in 1968 there is very little in the cultural realm that is not seen as political. This is in contrast to the consistent apolitical representations of the culture in the Nineties when the widespread popularity of bands like Nirvana and films such as Pulp Fiction depicted the age of the late 60’s lacked any major political references.

Sanders frequently make the language of 1968 mimic the carefree feel of the late-Sixties culture. At one point, he describes the short walk from his apartment to the Peace Eye Bookstore he owned on Avenue A in the East Village of New York City as “an anarcho - Bacchic Goof Strut of contemplation & non-CIA chaos” (55).

Also, how “Sunday was also the “Day of Honey”, referring to "hash-oiled honey" that was eaten before the MC5 concert in Lincoln Park at the Democratic National Convention, or when bikers spiked the Fugs' drinks during a gig at Le Cave in Cleveland, both of which led to the unpleasant experience of "Ultimate Spinach" (184-185 & 243). All of this gives way to the political aspect under a new light, and almost easier to understand. The Yippies seemed more involved in politics than any of the young adults are today. 1968 gives way to a nationalistic time period where freedom and determination are aimed to be rightly heard by all.