...Historical Laws and Security The Code of Hammurabi was established 1750 B.C by King Hammurabi of Babylon and was discovered in 1901. This code symbolized the expression “an eye for an eye”; it contains 282 clauses concerning commerce, slavery, marriage, theft, and debts. The punishments that come along with breaking the clauses are said to be barbaric. The principles presented in the Code of Hammurabi follow the form of lex talionis---the law of retaliation. Draco’s Law was named after and established 621 B.C by a Greek citizen as the code of law for Athens. This law was the first written law of Greece; punishment for many offenses was death. Draco’s Laws are important because they introduce the notion that the state, not private citizens, is responsible for punishing individuals accused of committing crime. The Law of the Twelve Tables was originally a set of 10 laws with two others added later. These laws were established 450 B.C. by ten Roman men to govern the Roman people which are considered to form the foundation of modern public and private law. They helped organize how crimes would be prosecuted publicly and developed a system in which those who were injured could seek compensation from their aggressors; these laws were also designed to protect the lower class citizens from the legal abuses of the higher class. A basic principle of Roman law was that the law must be written and determining justice could not be left to judges alone. This seems to be...
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...Historical Laws and Security Hope Washington CJS/250 02/21/2013 John Adams Historical Laws and Security In a brief description, here you will find the following laws in which they were originated. Civilizations throughout time have found it necessary to establish a set of laws dependent on their society's religious beliefs, social structure, setting, and other variables. Magna Carta (Latin for Great Charter, literally "Great Paper"), also called Magna Carta Libertatum (Great Charter of Freedoms), is an English legal charter, originally issued in the year 1215. It was written in Latin. Magna Carta required King John of England to proclaim certain rights (pertaining to nobles and barons), respect certain legal procedures, and accept that his will could be bound by the law. It explicitly protected certain rights of the King's subjects, whether free or fettered most notably the writ of habeas corpus, allowing appeal against unlawful imprisonment that led to the rule of constitutional law today in the English speaking world. The earliest legal system known in its entirety is the Code of Hammurabi which was established in ancient Babylonia nearly 4000 years ago. The Code of Hammurabi was compiled by King Hammurabi himself. Hammurabi was the most notable ruler of the first Babylonian dynasty, and unified Mesopotamia under one central government. Hammurabi's life is unknown, it is predicted that he established his reign around 1792-1750 B.C., thus dating the Code to approximately this...
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...Lisa Bryant CJS/250 Check Point Week One: Historical Laws and Security Jenelle Velarde May 7, 2014 When it comes to historical laws and security, I have found that we tend to have the same kind of laws that they did back in time. However they also maybe revised to meet today’s society. We will be talking about six different historical laws which are The Code of Hammurabi, Draco’s Law, and Law of the Twelve Tables, Justinian Code, Magna Carta, and Statute of Westminster. The Law Code of Hammurabi (1750 B.C.) created by King Hammurabi, which was discovered in 1901. Also the quote “an eye for an eye” symbolizes the Hammurabi code. Which consist with the crimes that we have that gets disobeyed such as: slavery, marriage, theft, debts and commerce. Second law that I would like to tell a little about would be Draco’s law. Draco’s Law (621 B.C.) was named by the Greek citizen who they chosen to write the laws for Athens. Which consist of the death penalty, when someone has stolen anything from someone or murder someone Draco’s Law was given. Law of the twelve tables (450 B.C.) includes ten laws, then two more added later on. Law of the twelve tables came from ten men that were from Roman was given the power to write the laws. Which help form public and private laws foundation? Along helping to organize the prosecution where the victims could seek justice on whatever the person on trial done to them. However the law didn’t allow interclass marriages, severe punished...
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...Historical Laws and Security Melissa Church CJS/250 Rich Montcalm July. 27, 2015 Historical Laws and Security In a brief description, here you will find the following laws in which they were originated. Civilizations throughout time have found it necessary to establish a set of laws dependent on their society's religious beliefs, social structure, setting, and other variables. Magna Carta (Latin for Great Charter, literally "Great Paper"), also called Magna Carta Liber Tatum (Great Charter of Freedoms), is an English legal charter, originally issued in the year 1215. It was written in Latin. Magna Carta required King John of England to proclaim certain rights (pertaining to nobles and barons), respect certain legal procedures, and accept that his will could be bound by the law. It explicitly protected certain rights of the King's subjects, whether free or fettered most notably the writ of habeas corpus, allowing appeal against unlawful imprisonment that led to the rule of constitutional law today in the English speaking world. The earliest legal system known in its entirety is the Code of Hammurabi which was established in ancient Babylonia nearly 4000 years ago. The Code of Hammurabi was compiled by King Hammurabi himself. Hammurabi was the most notable ruler of the first Babylonian dynasty, and unified Mesopotamia under one central government. Hammurabi's life is unknown, it is predicted that he established his reign around 1792-1750 B.C., thus dating the Code to approximately...
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...Historical Laws and Security “Individuals and small groups of people were constantly mindful of the need to protect themselves against any number of existing threats.” (Clifford, 2004) Security in the past was just a way for people to protect themselves and their posessions. The history of our laws and security practices started long ago, in different civilizations, all over the globe. I will briefly describe six different laws that led to what we based our current laws and security off of. The Code of Hammurabi, Draco’s Law, Law of the Twelve Tables, Justinian Code, Magna Carta, and the Statute of Westminister. The Code of Hammurabi was established by King Hammurabi of Babylon. This code is where “eye for an eye” was founded. Their laws were set up to regulate everything in their society from a person’s obligations, their work, and their rights. If a person is found to be in violation of these codes, the punishment was barbaric and based on retaliation. Draco’s law was named after the person who wrote the code of law for Athens, Greece. These were the first written laws for Greece. Within these laws, the state is responsible for punishing the people accused of a crime. The Law of the Twelve Tables originated in Rome. Originally it was ten laws that were decided by 10 men that were given the power to write the laws to govern the Romans. These laws helped to form the foundation of modern law. It basically started the use of judges to prosecute the aggressor...
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...Historical Development of the Police Terrilyn Jackson CJA 204 10/14/2013 Erica Veljic The purpose of this paper is to discuss the historical development of the police and it’s importance. Also the local, state, and federal law enforcement agencies under the jurisdiction of the Department of Homeland Security and their purpose. Lastly, we touch on the Issues Facing the Police Departments of today. Police agencies, whether it’s local state, or federal are expected to put the safety of all individuals regardless of their jurisdiction first at all cost. The Historical Development of the Police Department originated in London, England. It was a major component of the criminal justice system during the 18th Century Era under the English leaders. The citizens were responsible for their own safety and community. There was no training involved or pay for any services provided. During the 1840’s The Metropolitan America, focused on crime prevention verses post-crime detection and punishment. At that time officers were starting to get paid for their duties and 24 -hour services were provided. The Frontier America Businessmen hired private security in efforts of reducing violence, theft and protecting their personal property. Bounty hunters, Vigilantes, self -proclaimed posses served as informal law enforcement in territories and Indian land (“Cji Interactive”,n.d.). In the 1920’s Professionalism, policing focused more on law enforcement and crime control. While the social service...
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...representative of the developed Asian countries. | ANGLO-SAXON ACCOUNTING * There is no doubt that Anglo-Saxon accounting can be distinguished from accounting in continental Europe. Asia. Latin America, and many other parts of the world. UNITED STATES * Influences on Accounting Development:In many ways, accounting in the United States and United Kingdom is very similar as might be expected given the importance of the historical and investment connections between the two countries. Just as the language and legal system were exported from the United Kingdom to the United States. | Cont.The securities markets are the dominant influence on accounting regulation in the United States. Dealings in securities and investor protection are regulated and enforced at the federal government level under the Securities Act of 1933 and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, which were passed in response to the stock market crash of 1929 and subsequent financial crises. The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) was established with the legal authority to enforce the securities laws and also to formulate as well as enforce accounting standards. However, the SEC recognizes as authoritative the "Generally Accepted Accounting Principles" (GAAP) embodied in standards issued by an independent Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB), which was established in 1973 following criticism of the standard setting procedures of the American Institute of Certified Public...
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... |SYLLABUS | | |Axia College/College of Criminal Justice and Security | | |CJS/250 Version 2 | | |Introduction to Security | Copyright © 2009, 2007 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Course Description This course is an introduction to contemporary security practices and programs. Students will study the origins of private security, its impact on our criminal justice system, and the roles of security personnel. Students will also examine the growth and privatization of the security industry, and study the elements of physical security including surveillance and alarm systems. The course will cover legal and liability issues, which determine the extent of private security authority as well as its limitations. This course will also focus on the current and future integration of private security services in law enforcement agencies. Policies Faculty and students/learners will be held responsible for understanding and adhering to all policies contained within the following two documents: • University policies: You must be logged...
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...HI5027 Corporate Law About companies § Introduction to companies § The architecture of companies § Historical development § Separate legal personality Week 1 Introduction to Companies Company Law HI5027 Corporate Law Holmes Institute 2011 2 Introduction to companies Companies § What are companies and why do we have them? § What are the key attributes of a company? § The dominant form of business organisation § Over 1.7 million companies in Australia § Created through a process of registration under statute - an artificial legal person § Have the special legal attribute of separate personality HI5027 Corporate Law Holmes Institute 2011 3 HI5027 Corporate Law Holmes Institute 2011 4 What is the purpose of companies? Small and large companies § Traditionally, a means by which a large group of people with capital and management resources could come together to conduct an enterprise on an ongoing basis § Now also widely used for small business and by individuals § Most companies are small businesses § About 2,000 companies are listed. (Listed companies are companies in which you can buy or sell shares through the ASX.) HI5027 Corporate Law Holmes Institute 2011 5 HI5027 Corporate Law Holmes Institute 2011 6 1 The architecture of companies Capital structure § Capital structure Ø equity capital (shares) Ø debt capital § Management structure Ø board of directors and other officers Ø members (shareholders) ...
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...QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH METHODS FOR FINANCE The IFRS measures impact on French bank securities volatility during the financial crisis In Group with Mr Duchemin and Mr Melloul Benjamin CNUDDE Introduction: The world of finance is from now global and has huge repercussions all over the planet as we could see during those last years of the recent recession. The subprime crisis triggered in the United States during the second half of 2006 has quickly turned into an international financial crisis with huge repercussions on the European financial markets. Banks and financial intermediaries were particularly affected by it because of the fair value accounting for financial instruments. As we all know, the real estate crisis in the United States has been the triggering element of the financial crisis which has initiated the international financial crisis we are facing now. Credit rarefaction and an obvious rise of market volatility were the fundamental consequences of the crisis. And to stop the proliferation of the crisis worldwide (especially provoked by the “toxic” assets owned by banks) comes the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) intervention. We will discuss if such an intervention has managed to prevent a rise of the French banks securities volatility. In the financial crisis we are passing through, many personalities criticized the installation of IFRS (International Financial Reporting Standards), and notably concerning the impact on fair value. According to...
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...delinquent's fourth amendment rights. The amendment is mandated to protect the citizens from illegal searches and arrests by law enforcing agencies. Per se, it can be regarded as the hallmark to the flourishing respects for the fourth amendment right in the United States. It is imperious to acknowledge that the rule was made in courts and not the conventional legislative protocols that involve statutes and members of the congress. It was a creation of the Supreme Court and, thus its application is confined within the jurisprudence of the legal system. The historical development of the exclusionary rule dates back to the 1990s. Whilst the development of the rule itself is uniquely American portent, the principle it protects and the justifications for its existence links to the vey origin of western civilization. To effusively grasp the advent of the exclusionary rule as promulgated in Boyd v. United States, it is critical to identify the theoretical foundations of law developed in Britain and America. Principally, two contradictory values can be cited as providing the validation and descent of all edict in the United States and the Britain especially England. These precise premises are the natural law and the positive law. The perspective of the positive law provides that the law is created by the people while the natural law constructs that the law has been in existence, with human being the...
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...Imagine waking up one morning to a band of diggers and archaeologists scouring your backyard for ancient artifacts. What are the first feelings that would come to mind? For most it’s easy to assume: an invasion of privacy, a sense of security being taken away, and the thoughts “How can someone be allowed to do this?” Luckily for you, there are laws in place that keep people from doing this exact thing, they’re called archaeological ethics and are put in place to protect culture, people, and the history itself from being hurt or destroyed. But where is the line drawn in some cases? Does the need to “preserve” history sometimes outweigh the standing morals that archaeologists and historians alike should stand by? So first things first, why, and what led to ethical standards and laws being created in the first place? According to Joe Watson of the Department of Anthropology in The University of New Mexico, Archaeology has always been linked to colonialist attitudes and scientific imperialism. What he means in laymen’s terms is that long ago, a bunch of old rich white men set out to “conquer” other countries, and along the way, took what they thought was pretty and claimed it as their own. A great example is the controversy of the Elgin Marbles of Athens. The marbles were purchased in 1816 by Britain from the Ottoman Empire, who didn’t really have the rights to sell them in the first place, and cut away the marbles and placed them in a British museum. It’s been debated for years...
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...RESEARCH PROPOSAL Topic of the research paper: ‘Human Rights Protection in the Post-Communist Countries: the Disquieting Case of the Baltic States’ Why this topic? 1. The Baltic States, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, are ex-communistic countries that were reborn as self-determined nation-states 16 years ago, in 1991. Major economical, political and social changes that were caused by the ’Big Bang’, i.e. the collapse of USSR, have resulted in several legal and social issues in the societies that need to be researched and analysed. 2. The Baltic States are the member states of the United Nations and European Union and thus face serious obligations concerning human rights protection arising from several ratified international treaties. So far the feedback from the UN has pointed out various important shortcomings in the population policies and legislation, particularly concerning minorities’ issues. 3. Russia, as the official succession state of the former USSR is interested in keeping the constant pressure on the Baltic States by sending out signals to the international community about alleged on-going discrimination of Russian minority groups. 4. The topic has become the target of both, international and national interest, due to the recent events (e.g. April riots in Estonia) which requires Estonia, but also other Baltic States, to reconsider and revise the whole population policy and human rights legislation. These aforementioned reasons and the overall need to develop...
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...be dealt with accordingly with severe punishments including death. Draco’s Law: Draco created a law which more or less followed the guidelines of democracy. Under Draco’s law, the King had limited powers and could not pass additional laws as he saw fit. Instead the laws would have to be presented before a chosen body of governing officials for evaluation and they would decide from there if the laws were justified. Also a lot of the guidelines within the law were direction proportional to the code that Hammurabi had set forth. Law of the Twelve Tables: “Lex Duodecim Tabularum” (Latin) was the basis for Roman law and the Roman Constitution. The law primarily dealt with the general public or Rome. People were tied together in ethical bounds and they were granted several rights in regards to property and economic rights, similar to the foundation of the United States Constitution. Justinian Code: The Justinian Code was another form of guidance which was intended to be an addition to the Roman Constitution and codes that had been set forth in previous eras. Justinian I had made this addition primarily to deal with a larger, more circuitous population since many of the previous writings didn’t take into consideration a vast population. Also a lot of the Justinian Code was based off of the church. Magna Carta: The Magna Carta was a huge addition to English law. Essentially it was a set of laws that protected the rights of the general public for the harsh rulings that were...
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...History of Security: The Historical Development University of Maryland University College Eric Lorenzo Hall Jr. Professor Maurice Hicks Criminal Justice 345 3/16/14 Since the beginning of our existence, humans have sought safety and security through our natural instincts to survive. The moment our ancestors figured out there was a there was always going to be good versus evil it became a need for private security. The security industry of today is simply a modern version of security set to protect each other from harm. Since its humble origins in Ancient Egypt on through to the recent events of our post 9/11 world mankind continues to need the industries of private security. Private security industry in the United States can be traced back to the mid nineteenth century, when knights protected lords and ladies. Over the years the role of private security has changed, from its simplest form of protecting people, property, and information to a more complex form. Now there are more individuals and businesses that provide services to clientele to protect their persons, their private property, or their interests from various hazards. Early in its existence training for private security was non-existent, over the years training has evolved and with that evolution came strict standards and guidelines. Several factors have led to this growth in the private security industry. One factor is a growth in the population, which will lead to more people to control. Another...
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