...Historical Report on Race Tammy Fallin ETH/125 May 5, 2013 University of Phoenix Historical Report on Race The final chapter of a historian author by the name of Marian Anderson in a book titled “A Voice of Hope”; four questions are answered from an African Americans viewpoint. Anderson has a chapter in the book that strictly speaks about what African Americans faced daily for many centuries. In the history of the United States, African Americans have always had hard times. It took a long four years between slavery and freedom that ended slavery. Even today, African Americans are faced with many struggles that are talked about in this book. The experiences that African Americans had throughout history in the United States were many. African Americans were slaves for many, they were forced to pick cotton, work on farms, clean, cook, and women were even raped and some pregnant by their master. Many African Americans have dealt with discrimination and faced struggles to earn the rights in America. Attending school has always been an issue for African Americans; today they have colleges that are Historically for Black people. African American slaved arrived in Virginia in 1619; they came to America in ships where they were mistreated by being tied up and not able to use the restroom. Slaves had responsibly but they also had rules. They were prohibited to talk to other African Americans, they could not buy or sell anything, no slave could own property, leaving their masters...
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...Historical Report on Race Steven Pope-Coney ETH/125 July-Sunday 08, 2012 Pauline Little Historical Report on Race Based on Gerald Horne the experience of the African Americans throughout US history has been neutral. (Horne, 2011) African Americans in the beginning were dragged across the Atlantic to North America as Europe reached a certain stage in socio economic revolution. African Americans have been sold, and traded as live stock for money and other things. African Americans were also beaten if they did not listen to the Europeans orders. Some African Americans tried to escape to get away from the abuse but were killed if founded trying to escape. African Americans were not afforded the same opportunities as whites, whites has access to top educational schools, voting rights, and were allowed to sit at the front of the bus. African Americans had to go to poor graded schools, could not share the same restaurants, bathrooms, and etc. Whites have felt like the African Americans do not belong and that their rights were being threatened. African Americans have come a long way from George Washington Carver inventing the peanuts, and President Obama becoming the First black president of the United States. Some of the concerns have been that African Americans were forced in to low poverty neighborhoods and were not able to live in the upper class neighborhoods like whites did. (Horne, 2011) According to Gerald Horne In 2010 one of the big political cases involving...
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...Historical Report on Race ETH/125 Historical Report on Race African Americans have had to endure many of things throughout history from navigator Pedro Alonso Niño traveling to the New World with Christopher Columbus, slavery, the Civil Rights Movement, and finally the election of an African American president. With all of this in mind it is obvious that the African American race has come a long way from where they began. In 1492, navigator Pedro Alonso Niño traveled to the New World with Christopher Columbus, but not even 200 years later, a Dutch ship brought 20 African indentured servants to Jamestown, Virginia. In 1775, George Washington allows free “blacks” to enlist in the Continental Army and the British governor of Virginia promises freedom to the slaves who enlist with the British. In 1793 Congress passed the Fugitive Slave Act; this made it a crime to harbor an escaped slave. Over a 30 year span, between 1831-1861, around 75,000 slaves escaped to the North claiming their freedom using the Underground Railroad. In 1857, the Dred Scott Case, took place and the Supreme Court decided that African Americans weren’t United States citizens and Congress couldn’t restrict slavery in federal territories; this meant that if a slave made it to a free state the person would still be considered a slave. The Civil War began in 1861 and after 4 years the Union’s victory meant the end of slavery in the United States. In 1863, President Abraham Lincoln presented the Emancipation...
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...Historical Report on Race ******** ETH/125 February 23, 2014 Charmagne Quarles Historical Report on Race In this chapter of our reading, we will discuss the history of the African Americana experience in the United States. We will evaluate political and social issues that have impacted the African American Community. This chapter will also introduce groups and organizations that opposed legislation that led to discrimination and promoted legislation that removed discrimination. The plight of discrimination that African Americans have received began almost immediately upon arrival in the United States. In 1660, while still under British rule, laws were passed that made African Americans slaves for life (Schaefer, 2012). These laws led to the development of what was known as "slave codes." Schaefer (pg. 177) defines slave codes as "laws that defined the low position held by slaves in the United States." According to Schaefer (2102), these codes were used as racial formation to solidify the African Americans as an inferior race. Slavery was eventually abolished after the Civil War but this abolition did not increase the standing of the Black Community. Schaefer (pg. 177) theorizes that slavery set the foundation for the problems with racial equality that we face today. After the Civil War, the African American community did not become the equal American citizens they imagined they would become. Segregation became common practice after the Reconstruction...
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...Historical Report on Race ETH 125 Historical Report on Race Throughout history, the African American community dealt with much discrimination. In 1619, Europeans shipped African Americans as slaves to Jamestown colony to harvest tobacco and that was the start of discrimination (Slavery in America, 2012. Sugar, rice and wheat are some of the crops that slaves tend to under the control of their slave owners. From dusk until dawn, enslaved African Americans worked to tend crops (Slavery in America, 2012). African Americans were enlisted and were forced to join the Army when Civil War came but refused to because of a law that was being upheld to keep them from enlisting. This was changed when President Lincoln submitted the Final Proclamation. There were still discrimination and segregation even though African Americans were already allowed to enlist in the army (The Civil War and Emancipation, 2012). There have been many concerns regarding African Americans participating in political causes throughout the years. There was an instance that a literacy test was done in the State of Mississippi to prevent Blacks from voting. The result was the state adopted a grandpa clause because the test caused whites from being able to vote as well. Before 1870, regardless of literacy or tax qualifications, everyone has the right to vote. The Black community was stopped to vote while whites were able to vote under grandpa clause. Several laws that supported slavery were made in the 1700s and...
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...Historical Report on Race ETH/125 May 5, 2013 Historical Report on Race Paper African American During the mid-1500’s, European mariners started bringing African people to America as slaves. These individuals were forced in this movement from one area to another, over long distances or in large groups to be slaves. At this time slaves were traded, with that the slave trade was not new to Europe or Africa. These slaves were traded during the eighth century by Moorish merchants as merchandise throughout the Mediterranean. The West African people kept slaves. West African slaves were usually prisoners of war, criminals, or the lowest-ranked members based on their birth. (Constitutional Rights Foundation, 2013). Once in America, slaves were auctioned off to owners, which often times punished them harshly. These auctions broke up families by selling off family members, however, slaves managed to develop a strong cultural identity. The political, social, and cultural issue throughout American history is poor, black, and is an American. According to McCray (1994), “The repository for the culture of any people is the family, and in the African-American family resiliency, adaptability, and sheer strength are primarily responsible for this group's survival in an alien and hostile environment. The strength of African-American people is found within. Within the family, within its segregated communities and churches, and within the individual.” (pp. 1-3). McCray...
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...Historical Report on Race Antrone Vaughn ETH/125 03/24/2013 Christina Tocco Historical Report on Race African Americans (also referred to as Black Americans or less commonly Afro-Americans, and formerly as American Negroes) are citizens or residents of the United States who have total or partial ancestry from any of the native populations of Sub-Saharan Africa. The term is not usually used for black residents of other countries in the Americas. African Americans make up the single largest racial minority in the United States (Russell 2011). Most African Americans are of West and Central African descent and are descendants of enslaved blacks within the boundaries of the present United States. However, some immigrants from African, Caribbean, Central American and South American nations, and their descendants, may be identified or self-identify with the term. African-American history starts in the 16th century with black Africans forcibly taken to Spanish and English colonies in America as slaves (Russell 2011). After the United States came into being, black people continued to be enslaved and treated as much inferior. These circumstances were changed by Reconstruction, development of the black community, participation in the great military conflicts of the United States, racial segregation, and the Civil Rights Movement. In 2008, Barack Obama was the first African-American to be elected president of the United States (Russell 2011). The geographical-origin-based...
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...Kiara Wilson Historical Report on Ethnicity ETH 125 Antonette Gray October 11,2015 Dear Ashley, We've been friends for a while now, it's amazing looking back on the fact that we've been close since elementary school but during the times when our great-grandmothers were growing up around our age it would have never been possible for them to be as close as we have been over the years due to the segregation of blacks and whites, in fact had it not been for the Civil Rights struggle we may have never known each other because it would have been almost impossible for your dad and mom to create you being that she is White and he black but I am glad things have changed for the black community over the years. You know some things about the African-American race but since you grew up mostly around the Caucasian side of your family with the Black side of your family being in and out of your life I feel like there is a lot that you can take from me writing you this letter pertaining to the struggle that African-American's have had to endure just to have the same rights and freedoms that all of the other races were entitled to. You already know from Social Studies and History during school that we as African-Americans were once enslaved and Caucasians owned us so I won't go into grave detail about that. I was reading an article on History.com that explained how the NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Color People) was founded in 1909 by W.E.B. Dubois in hopes to...
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...04/06/2014 Fartun Mohamud Historical Report on Race We as African Americans have always had a struggle throughout American History. They were brought to America as slaves and had no say at all in their relocation or even separation from their families. Most African Americans today are the descendants of captive Africans held in the United States from 1619 to 1865. In the past, African Americans were referred to and self-identified as the American Negro. Our history is celebrated annually in the United States during the month of February which has been designated as Black History Month. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African-American_history) The majority of African Americans descended from slaved brought in directly from Africa, or from the Caribbean. These slaves descended from prisoners of war that were captured by African states and sold to Arab, American, or European slave trades. The American slave population was made up of the various ethnic groups from western and central Africa, which includes Bakongo, Igbo, Mande, Wolof, Akan, Fon, and Makua. Before the Atlantic Slave Trade there were already people in America who was of the African descent. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African-American_history) Africans first arrived in 1619 when a Dutch ship sold 19 blacks as indentured servants to Englishmen at Point Comfort. Point Comfort, which is known as Fort Monroe in Hampton, Virginia in 1619. The majority of these people came from the West African coast and a small percent...
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...right to due process by law is afforded to every American as of the pivotal ratification of the Fourteenth Amendment on July 9, 1868. This amendment guaranteed every American equal and impartial treatment within the justice system. However, within the flawed institution that is the United States justice system, race is undeniably a pivotal factor in the outcome of the legal process. From the disproportionate rates of police stops to the severity of prosecutions and even the likelihood of facing the death penalty, race has evident and extensive influence. The deep-rooted prejudices held against minorities within the American justice system stand in direct opposition to the fundamental respect for human rights that is vital in the maintenance of democracy. Prejudice...
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...Historical Report on Race: African Americans Frederik Seixas ETH 125 Jennifer Friedrich, Ph.D. 01/26/2014 It is an undeniable fact that, throughout history, the African American community has dealt with its fair share of discrimination. This is of particular historical significance to those living in the United States because it is an essential component of the founding of this country, and will continue to be a reoccurring theme in the curricula of educational institutions and in the headlines of current events. Historically, Africans were first brought into the Jamestown colony in 1619 for the purpose of harvesting tobacco (Slavery in America, 2012). Their arrival had a huge influence on the course of American history, so much so that it is no exaggeration to say that, without the presence of the African American people, our country would not be what it is today. Unfortunately theirs is a tale of enslavement and mistreatment, and with current-day discrimination still posing a threat to this particular race, it is impossible to deny that African Americans have weathered some of the most horrifying struggles possible. In many ways, the battle for freedom and equality is still very much alive, and, as a historian, I simply cannot ignore my duty to share the story of one of the most resilient races our country as ever known. Let us begin with some historical references on the matter of the African American community's experience in the United States. In terms of politicAfrican...
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...Diversity Concerns in Public Health Name: Institution: Date: Diversity Overview Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust (2010) defines Diversity in relation to public health as the term that describes the virtual uniqueness of each person or people group. The uniqueness that exists among the diverse people groups includes their skills, experiences, culture, interests, values and their ambitions. Each of these groups is rich with enormous possibilities. One of the Public Health provider’s professional responsibility is to learn and understand the diversity and cultural differences that exists in there area of operation and beyond, in order to address the health needs of these groups effectively (Woodward, 2010). One of the key agendas of the public health sectors in any country is to provide health care interventions that make a positive difference to the people and in a way that respects and values diversity of those people (UK DoH, 2004). The government has a responsibility to ensure that the rights of the different people groups are protected in the law, so that all the citizens in the society, especially the vulnerable groups are protected from discrimination (Woodward, 2010). It is important for Public Health Professionals to recognize that it is expected for them to provide care for members of the society who are from diverse backgrounds. This paper provides a discussion on the diversity concerns of public health. In discussing this topic, the paper looks at different...
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...Harlem Riot of 1935, which was the result of the poor economic standards in Harlem and the Police Brutality. Harlem is famous for its cultural movement, which is known as the Harlem Renaissance, or the New Negro Movement. There’s a quote by Martin Luther King Jr. which is mentioned in his acceptance speech for his Noble Peace Prize, “I refuse to accept the view that mankind is so tragically bound to the starless midnight of racism and war that the bright daybreak of peace and brotherhood can never become a reality... I believe that unarmed truth and unconditional love will have the final word.” The Harlem Riots of 1935 was simply another attack to help end the battle of racism. According to Wang, Tabitha C in her online article, Harlem Race Riot (1935) the riot occurred on March 19, 1935, when a 16-year-old black Puerto Rican teenager stole a 10-cent knife from a store called Kress Five and Ten on 125th Street. Soon after Police officials detained Rivera, no charges were made against him. In the heat of the moment, crowds began to emerge in front of the store and much rumor spread through the street of Harlem that Rivera was beaten to death when an ambulance left the scene empty. Afterwards groups organized by the Young Communist League and a black group called the Young Liberators gathered together to rally up and to speak up on the situation, grabbing the attention of...
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...Running head; HEALTHCARE DISPARITIES IN AFRICA 1 HEALTHCARE DISPARITIES IN AFRICA OKECHUKWU ONYEIZUGBE DHA8013 Action Research Health Administration 1 Capella University Abstract Objective: To summarize the current literature on racial and gender disparities in critical care and the mechanisms underlying these disparities in the course of acute critical illness. Data Sources: MEDLINE search on the published literature addressing racial, ethnic, or gender disparities in acute critical illness, such as sepsis, acute lung injury, pneumonia, venous thromboembolism, and cardiac arrest. Study Selection: Clinical studies that evaluated general critically ill patient populations in the United States as well as specific critical care conditions were reviewed with a focus on studies evaluating factors and contributors to health disparities. Data Extraction: Study findings are presented according to their association with the prevalence, clinical presentation, management, and outcomes in acute critical illness. Data Synthesis: This review presents potential contributors for racial and gender disparities related to genetic susceptibility, comorbidities, preventive health services, socioeconomic factors, cultural differences, and access to care. The data are organized along the course of acute critical illness. Conclusions: The literature to date shows that disparities in critical care are most likely multifactorial...
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...way white Americans perceive African-Americans. As a result of the overwhelming media focus on crime, drug use, gang violence, and other forms of anti-social behavior among African-Americans, the media have fostered a distorted and pernicious public perception of African-Americans. 1 The history of African-Americans is a centuries old struggle against oppression and discrimination. The media have played a key role in perpetuating the effects of this historical oppression and in contributing to African-Americans' continuing status as second-class citizens. As a result, white America has suffered from a deep uncertainty as to who African-Americans really are. Despite this racial divide, something indisputably American about African-Americans has raised doubts about the white man's value system. Indeed, it has also aroused the troubling suspicion that whatever else the true American is, he is also somehow black. 2 Racism Before attempting to understand racism and mass media, one must understand the history of racism. Race has become an institutional part of American society. From the Founding on, race has played an integral part in shaping the American consciousness. David Goldberg's Racist Culture argues that racial discourse may be interpreted as aversive, academic, scientific, legalistic, bureaucratic, economic, cultural, linguistic, religion, mythical, or ideological. 3 He also stresses that racialized discourse and racist expressions towards African-American have been...
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